Daban-daban Daban-daban don Ci gaban Android

Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin ci gaban iOS da Android. Na iOS, apps an ƙirƙira su da Xcode, harshen shirye-shirye da aka ƙera don Swift da Objective-C. Android, a wannan bangaren, yana ba ku damar ƙarin 'yanci. Akwai nau'ikan Android da yawa, kuma kuna buƙatar amfani da software da ta dace don gina ƙa'idodin ku.

Abu Pascal

Idan kuna neman yaren OOPS don haɓaka ƙa'idodin Android, kuna iya gwada Object Pascal. Yana da tsawo na yaren shirye-shirye na Pascal wanda ke goyan bayan shirye-shirye masu dacewa da abu kuma yana tattarawa zuwa lambar asali.. Object Pascal kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga masu haɓakawa saboda yana da sassauƙa da sauƙin koyo. Kuna iya samun nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban na Object Pascal don dandamali daban-daban. Object Pascal shine tushen budewa kuma babban zaɓi ne ga masu farawa.

Object Pascal yana da tsarin nau'i mai ƙarfi da fasalulluka da yawa, gami da ayyuka, gaba, da zaren bango. Wannan harshe kuma yana da matuƙar iyawa. An samo asali ne don wani shiri mai suna MacApp, wanda ya kasance kwamfuta mai iya tallafawa aikace-aikace daban-daban. Siffofin sa kuma suna ba da izinin polymorphism, kayan gado, rufewa, da alluran dogaro. Hakanan yana goyan bayan tsarin bayanan da aka buga mai ƙarfi kuma ya haɗa da adadin wasu fasaloli masu kama da harshe.

Object Pascal harshe ne mai ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da shi sosai. Ba a la'akari da tsohon harshe kuma yana aiki da kyau tare da yawancin yanayin ci gaban zamani. A gaskiya, Har ma ana amfani da shi a cikin IDE kamar Li'azaru da Injin Wasan Kasuwar11. Duk waɗannan mahalli biyu sun dace da Android da iOS. Idan kuna son gwada Object Pascal don ci gaban Android, za ka iya zazzage sigar yaren kyauta ko gwada ɗaya daga cikin masu tarawa na Abubuwan Pascal da yawa na kasuwanci..

Object Pascal shima yana goyan bayan keɓantawa. Kuna iya amfani da ginanniyar keɓantacce ko ayyana naku. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da mataimakan aji (kama da halaye a cikin Smalltalk da Hanyoyin Tsawo a cikin C #), wanda zai baka damar ƙara hanyoyin zuwa azuzuwan data kasance. Haka kuma, yana goyan bayan Generics, wanda ke ba ka damar ayyana azuzuwan da suka shafi abubuwa da yawa.

Java

Haɓaka don Android ya fi sauƙi tare da Java. Harshen yana da sauƙi don koyo kuma an tsara shi tare da sababbin masu tsara shirye-shirye a zuciya. Amfani da Java don haɓaka Android yana nufin cewa zaku iya ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi cikin sauri kuma ku kashe kuɗi kaɗan akan albarkatun horo. Hakanan zaka iya aiki tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa kuma ka dogara da ƙwarewarsu.

Domin ci gaban Android, Java shine yaren aiwatarwa da aka fi so. Kuna iya samun koyawa game da Java anan: Tushen Shirye-shiryen Java. Zai koya muku tushen harshen kuma ya nuna muku yadda ake haɓaka manhajar Android. Amfani da wannan koyawa, za ku iya gina manhajar Android ta farko cikin kankanin lokaci! Akwai wasu darussan da yawa da ake samu akan layi waɗanda zasu taimaka muku farawa.

A cikin ci gaban Android, ayyuka sune zuciyar aikace-aikacen. Kowane aiki shafi ne na allo wanda kuke kewayawa ta danna shi. In Java, za ku ƙirƙiri aji mai suna MainActivity, wanda shine juzu'i na Ayyukan Ajin Android. Zai zama babban wurin shigarwa don app ɗin ku kuma ya ƙunshi hanyoyi kamar su babba() kuma on Create().

Java yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan shirye-shirye mafi sauƙi don koyo. James Gosling na Sun Microsystems ne ya fara haɓaka yaren, wanda daga baya Oracle ya siya. Yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a duniya. Wannan kyakkyawan harshe ne don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen hannu. Idan kai mai haɓaka gidan yanar gizo ne mai son koyon ci gaban Android, Ya kamata ku yi la'akari da amfani da Ionic. Dakunan karatu da kayan aikin sa suna sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar mai sauƙi, m app.

Domin ci gaban Android a Java, zaka iya amfani da Eclipse. Wannan buɗaɗɗen tushen IDE yana da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa, gami da gyara kurakurai. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da Kotlin. Kotlin yana tattarawa zuwa bytecode kamar Java yayi.

Kotlin

Google kwanan nan ya sanar da cewa zai canza ci gaban Android zuwa Kotlin. Sabon yaren shirye-shirye harshe ne da aka buga a tsaye wanda ke aiki akan na'ura mai kama da Java. Google yana ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa don amfani da Kotlin don haɓaka app ɗin Android kuma ya daidaita Android Studio don ƙyale masu haɓakawa suyi amfani da shi..

Kotlin harshe ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba masu haɓaka damar yin aikace-aikace cikin sauri. Ana iya amfani da shi don ayyuka da yawa da tattarawa zuwa Java bytecode. Yana da haɗin kai mai fahimta wanda ke sauƙaƙa wa masu haɓakawa don rubuta lamba da kiyaye ta cikin sauƙi. Saboda, ana amfani dashi sosai wajen haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android.

Duk da yake Kotlin ba shi da ƙarfi kamar Java, akwai wasu fa'idodi don amfani da shi don haɓaka app ɗin Android. Yana da sauƙin fahimta kuma yana ba da ƙarin takaddun bayanai, wanda ke taimakawa idan kuna son yin canje-canje cikin sauri. Wani fa'idar Kotlin shine babban dacewarsa. Ba kamar Java ba, ana iya amfani da shi don haɓaka ƙa'idodin dandamali.

Java ana amfani dashi sosai don aikace-aikacen tebur, amma Kotlin yana ƙara samun karɓuwa tare da masu haɓaka aiki akan aikace-aikacen Android. Saboda, da yawa Android-Entwicklungsteams sun ƙunshi sabbin shirye-shirye waɗanda ƙila ba su ƙware a Java ba.. Wannan yana nufin za su iya sauƙin kammala ayyukan ba tare da kashe albarkatu masu yawa akan horo ba. Bugu da kari, za su iya yin amfani da ƙwarewar ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa kamar yadda ya cancanta.

Kotlin yare ne da aka buga a tsaye wanda ke ba da ingantaccen tsaro na bugawa. Yana hana bugun da ba'a so ta yin amfani da Nau'in Inference don gano masu canji. Hakanan yana goyan bayan ayyuka kamar daidai(), hashCode(), kuma toString(), kuma yana bawa masu haɓakawa damar zazzage Classes Data.

Gradle

Masu haɓaka Android waɗanda ke son haɓaka aikace-aikacen hannu ya kamata su koyi game da ci gaban Gradle don Android. Wannan software tana ba da aikin CI/CD mai ƙarfi wanda ke ba masu haɓaka damar ƙirƙira da gudanar da aikace-aikacen su tare da amincewa. Hakanan yana ba da edita mai sauƙin amfani don rubuta lambar in.xml da fayilolin java.

Wannan software tana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen Android ta hanyoyi daban-daban, gami da java da fayilolin xml. Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace masu rikitarwa tare da sauƙi. Hakanan yana taimaka muku ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tsarin gini. Ta hanyar bin tsarin matakan sake amfani da su, za ka iya ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen da ya fi dacewa da kiyayewa.

Gradle sanannen kayan aikin gini ne wanda ke sauƙaƙe tsarin haɓaka Android ta hanyar sarrafa tsarin gini, ceton ku lokaci mai yawa da kuɗi. Yana goyan bayan ɗaruruwan kari na Android kuma yana aiki tare da Kit ɗin Ci gaban Java. Yana da kyauta kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe, kuma yayi gogayya da sauran tsarin gini makamantan irin su Apache Ant da Maven. Yana da lasisi a ƙarƙashin Apache 2.0 lasisi.

Gradle yana goyan bayan ma'ajiyar Maven, yana sauƙaƙa bugawa da sarrafa abubuwan dogaro da aikin. Bugu da kari, yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar gine-gine masu yawa, tare da tushen aikin da kowane adadin ƙananan ayyukan. Gradle kuma yana goyan bayan ginanniyar gini. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan aikin yana buƙatar sake ginawa, Gradle zai sake gina aikin kafin yunƙurin gina wani ƙarin ayyuka.

Bude tushen

The Android Open Source Project dandamali ne na haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka software don na'urorin Android. Yana da bude-source, wanda ke nufin cewa kowane mai yin na'ura zai iya amfani da lambar. Yawancin masu kera wayoyin hannu wadanda ba iPhone ba suna amfani da lambar Android a cikin kayayyakinsu, ciki har da LG, Motorola, Samsung, da HTC. Sauran masana'antun sun haɗa da OnePlus, Xiaomi, da Honor. Ana rarraba aikace-aikacen Android yawanci ta amfani da tsarin apk.

Android babbar manhaja ce ta wayar hannu da Google ta kirkira. Aikin buɗaɗɗen tushe ne wanda ke ba da lambar tushe da sauran bayanai don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan dandamali na al'ada, da kuma jigilar na'urorin zuwa dandamali. Manufar aikin shine a samar da ingantaccen yanayin muhalli ga miliyoyin masu amfani da Android da ke amfani da dandamali.

Labari mai dadi shine ci gaban Android fasaha ce mai sauƙin koya. Dandalin yana da sauki, kuma kuna iya samun albarkatu da yawa akan layi. Duk da haka, wasu dalilai na iya iyakance sha'awar aikinku a matsayin mai haɓaka Android. Samun gwaninta abu ɗaya ne wanda zai iya iyakance damar aikin ku, amma gabaɗaya magana, za ku iya samun aiki a matsayin mai haɓaka Android ba tare da gogewa ba.

Halin buɗaɗɗen tushen ci gaban Android yana sauƙaƙa ga duk wanda ke da ra'ayi don ƙirƙirar nasa app na Android. Android yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun dandamali don haɓaka app. Hakanan yana da sauƙin amfani da sassauƙa. Wannan ya sa ya zama babban zaɓi na aiki ga waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ilimin fasaha. Dandalin software ce ta bude tushen, wanda ke ba ku damar tsara shimfidar wuri kuma ku ƙara abubuwan da suka dace dangane da masu sauraron ku.