Koyi Yadda ake Haɓaka Aikace-aikacen Android Tare da Android Programmierer

A matsayin mai shirin Android, za ku iya fara gina aikace-aikace don na'urorin hannu kuma ku sami fahimi mai mahimmanci a cikin batutuwa iri-iri. Java, Kotlin, Xamarin, Buɗe Handset Alliance, da Android Studio kaɗan ne daga cikin harsunan coding da za ku iya ƙwarewa. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu kuma yi magana game da Android SDK da yadda ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace masu amfani. Bugu da kari, za mu rufe wasu manyan ayyukan buɗe tushen da za ku iya aiki da su.

Java

Idan kun kasance sababbi ga ci gaban Android, to ya kamata ku koyi yadda ake haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android tare da Java Programmierer. Harshen hukuma don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin Android shine Java, amma akwai hanyoyi da yawa. Kotlin kwanan nan ya zarce masu fafatawa da Clojure da Scala don zama yaren shirye-shirye na biyu mafi shahara ga Android. Ko da kuwa abubuwan da kuka fi so, zaku iya amfana da koyon yadda ake tsara manhajojin Android ta amfani da Java.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin koyon Java shine cewa yana da sauƙin ɗauka. An ƙirƙiri yaren don sababbin masu tsara shirye-shirye kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin samfuran software da yawa. Tare da isasshen ilimin Java, za ku iya shiga Android-Entwicklungsteam kuma ku kammala ayyuka ba tare da kashe kuɗi da yawa akan horo ba. Ƙari, za ku iya amincewa da waɗannan sababbin masu haɓaka don yin aiki mai kyau. Amma ta yaya za ku sami hanya mai kyau?

Na farko, dole ne ku tabbatar kuna da kayan aikin da suka dace. Dole ne masu haɓaka Android su san Java. Java shi ne yaren shirye-shirye da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin manhajar Android. Harshen yana goyan bayan dandamali da yawa, gami da Android. Saboda wannan dalili, kana bukatar ka saba da duka biyun. Kotlin ya fi Java sauƙi don koyo, Don haka ya kamata ka zabi shi idan kana neman kayan aikin shirye-shiryen da ke aiki da kyau tare da Android da iOS.

Bayan koyan Java, Ya kamata ku fara gina aikace-aikacen na Android. Java SDK wani dandamali ne na kyauta wanda ke tallafawa lambar Gudanarwa, Don haka shirye-shiryen Java mai kyau yana da mahimmanci ga kowane mai haɓakawa na aikace-aikacen hannu. Babban wuri don koyan Java shine kasuwar Android. Akwai dubban aikace-aikacen da akwai. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa daban-daban don zaɓar daga, Don haka zaka iya farawa nan da nan! Lokacin da kuka koyi Java, Ba da daɗewa ba za ku zama mafi kyawun haɓaka Android Akwai.

Kotlin

Idan kun kasance mai shirye-shirye na Android, Wataƙila kun ji labarin Kotlin. Yawancin manyan kamfanoni da farawa sun fara bunkasa kayan aikin Android a Kotlin. Google har ma da gidan yanar gizo don masu haɓaka Kotlin. Mataki na farko don koyon yadda ake code aikace-aikacen Android tare da Kotlin shine yin rajista don ɗayan darussan Google, ko ɗauki ɗaya wanda Udacity ya bayar.

Kyakkyawan hanyar farawa tare da Kotlin shine yin rajista don kwas ɗin horo kyauta daga kamfanin haɓaka Android. Waɗannan kamfanoni ƙwararru ne a cikin yare kuma za su koya muku abubuwan yau da kullun. Hakanan azuzuwan Android-Programmer za su koya muku yadda ake amfani da Android Studio, software kyauta wanda zaka iya saukewa don farawa. Za su koya muku mahimman abubuwan Android da Kotlin, gami da Kit ɗin Haɓaka Software na Android. Ajin yana hannun-kan kuma ya haɗa da ɗimbin ƙwarewa mai amfani da ƙima mai sauƙi. Za ku ga sakamako da sauri, gami da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta na yadda app ɗinku yake aiki.

Idan kuna sha'awar zama mai shirye-shirye na Android, Kotlin zai iya taimaka maka ka sanya sabbin dabarunka. Android shine mafi mashahuri tsarin aikin hannu, da 75% na kasuwa. Ta hanyar koyon yadda ake shirin Android a cikin Kotlin, Kuna iya samun fa'ida ta hanyar masana'antu. Kotlin shine mafi saurin shirye-shirye mai yawa, Kuma hanya tana shirya ka ka rubuta aikace-aikacen-aji na kwararru don dandamali. An kirkiro tsarin karatun shirin a cikin haɗin kai tare da Google kuma an tsara shi don taimaka muku gina Fotfolio na dabam.

Java ya kasance babban yare don samar da kayan aikin Android, da masu haɓaka sun canza zuwa Kotlin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Amma idan kun kasance mai shirye-shirye na Android, Koyo Kotlin zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace da sauri fiye da yadda kuke tsammani. Tare da fasahar classer na LLMV, Lambobin tushe na Kotlin, yana ba ku damar rubuta aikace-aikace da sauri kuma mafi inganci.

An fara kirkirar Kotlin a ciki 2011 kuma ya sanya ta hannun ta 2016. Ya shiga cikin matakai da yawa na alpha da beta ci gaban kafin a sake shi, Kuma ayyuka da yawa suna amfani da shi kafin sakin hukuma. Kotlin wani harshe ne mai ƙarfi da harshe mai amfani, hada mafi kyawun fasalulluka na wasu yaruka tare da ƙimar Java. Hakanan yana da cikakkiyar dacewa da ɗakunan ɗakunan JDK.

Xamarin

Xamarin don mai shirye-shirye na Android shine tsarin cigaban dandamali wanda zai baka damar gina kayan aikin yau da kullun don duka Android da iOS. UI na asali yana bawa masu haɓaka damar amfani da codebase iri ɗaya da harshe don rubuta dabarun kasuwanci da isar da ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani a cikin dandamali.. Har ma yana ba ku damar amfani da tsari iri ɗaya don haɓakawa da ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen ku. Sakamakon shine aikace-aikacen da ke da sauri, sauki don kula da, kuma yana da ƙananan kurakurai.

An rubuta Xamarin a cikin C#, yare balagagge tare da ingantaccen bugu na aminci. Yana ba ku damar amfani da ɗakunan karatu na asali, gami da kamara da makirufo, yayin amfani da sabbin APIs. Xamarin wani bangare ne na dangin Microsoft, kuma yana da sauƙin haɗawa tare da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Hulɗa da MSDN. Masu haɓaka Microsoft na iya ƙaura zuwa Xamarin cikin sauƙi, amma za su buƙaci daidaita yanayin C #, tare da samunsa da kaddarorinsa.

Xamarin don Android Programmer babban zaɓi ne ga masu haɓaka wayar hannu waɗanda ke buƙatar haɓaka ƙa'idar guda ɗaya don dandamali da yawa. Duk da haka, wannan tsarin zai iya haifar da aikace-aikacen da suka fi girma fiye da ƙa'idodin asali. Ko da a “sannu, duniya” app don Android na iya zama 16 MB. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarin haɓakawa, gami da cire lambar da ba a yi amfani da ita daga ɗakunan karatu da aka haɗa ba. Bugu da kari, Xamarin don Android Programmer na iya amfani da tsarin ɓangare na uku don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi don duk dandamali uku.

Wani fa'idar Xamarin shine yana amfani da tarin fasaha guda ɗaya maimakon dandamali da yawa, rage farashin injiniya da lokaci zuwa kasuwa. Xamarin babbar mafita ce don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin wayar hannu na kasuwanci. Xamarin yana goyan bayan daidaitaccen UI, wanda ke rufewa 90 kashi dari na duk ayyukan. Bugu da kari, Za a iya raba mahimmin dabaru na samfur a cikin dandamali, kuma customizations za su dauka 5-10% na jimlar injiniyan.

Xamarin Comprating Strike-Tsararren Tsaro, kuma aka kafa a ciki 2011. Mutanen Xamarin a yanzu sun yi 1.4 Millivopers na miliyan daga 120 kasashe. Microsoft ya sayi Xamarin 2016 kuma haɗa shi cikin tsarin ilimin halitta. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin yanayin kasuwanci kuma ya sami kyakkyawan bita da yawa a cikin shekarun. Kamar 15,000 kamfanoni suna amfani da Xamarin don mai shirye-shirye na Android.

Buɗe Handset Alliance

Alli na Bude Haske shine Cibiyar Kamfanin Kasuwanci da aka haɗa da 84 Kamfanoni waɗanda aka sadaukar don haɓaka ƙa'idodin wayar ta hannu. Membobin kungiyar sun hada da&T, Doell, Natara, LG Wardronics, Motorola, Alkali, Kalmomin Texas, Nokia, Samsung lantarki, T-mobile, Kamfanin Kasuwanci, da kuma Ruwan Wind. Open Opens Bude Matsayi na Waya Zai Taimaka Masu Shirye-shiryen Wildon Mobile suna haifar da mafi kyau, mafi karyar ara, da kuma ƙarin na'urorin wayar hannu. Karanta a kan koyo game da kokarin da suke kokarin kawo ka'idodin wayar hannu ga masu amfani.

Duk da yake ba kowane mai ɗaukar hoto memba ne, Yawancinsu suna da gungume a cikin allion na bude hannu da kuma matsayinta. Misali, Baƙin Memba ba memba bane amma ya bayyana cewa wayar Android ta iya dacewa akan sabon cibiyar sadarwa ta buɗe kuma ya cancanci takaddun sauri. A watan Oktoba, T-Mobile da HTC sun sanar da G1 – wayar farko don amfani da tsarin aikin Google na Google. Alamar bude take da kayan masana'antu muhimmin mahimmancin masana'antun wayar hannu don raba bayanai tsakanin kamfanoni da aiki tare.

Bayan an kashe Android, Google ya dauki nauyin ci gaban Android. Farawa a farkon 2010, Google ya dauki ikon ci gaban Nexus Na'urar Nexus. A watan Agusta 2011, Google ya sayi Motorola kuma ya kawo masana'antar kayan aiki a cikin gida. Wannan da gaske ya ƙare da Buga Buga Hackets azaman Kungiyar mai zaman kanta. Duk da kullum, ya cancanta a kiyaye idanu akan wannan kungiyar. Don haka, Menene ribobi da fakilai suka haɗa da wannan ƙungiyar? Dubi tarihin kungiyar da fatan alheri na gaba.

Alli na Bude Haske shine kungiyar ungiyar undprofit ce 80 mambobi, gami da Google, HTC, Samsung, Alkali, kuma da yawa sauran manyan kamfanonin wayar hannu. Membobinta sun haɗa da masana'antun SmartPhone, Masana'antu na kayan ciniki, Kamfanonin SeMemictor, da kamfanonin haɓaka software. Duk membobin suna da sadaukar da wani sadaukarwa don fadada yiwuwar bude kasuwancin bude dandamali na bude dandamali. Saboda haka, Suna aiki tare da juna da kuma raba bayanan kula don yin sauƙin aiki. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Open Handset Alliance ba mai yin gasa ba ne ga Android.

A matsayin daya daga cikin membobin kungiyar Bude Handset Alliance, Samsung ya rungumi Android tun daga farko. Ya sami damar zama da sauri ya zama babbar alamar wayar hannu, kuma ya kiyaye wannan matsayi na shekaru. Samsung ya ƙaddamar da mashahurin jerin Galaxy S, kasafin kudi da wayoyi masu matsakaicin zango, da kuma manyan masana'antu na Galaxy Z. Yayin da Samsung ya yi wasa tare da sauya dandamali na wayoyin hannu, ya kasance babban mai amfani da Android.