Kai 5 Harsuna na shirye-shirye da tsarin kafa don ci gaban app na Android

Idan kuna shirin haɓaka app ɗin ku na Android, akwai abubuwa da yawa da ya kamata ku sani kafin farawa. Da fari, Android kasuwa ce da ta wargaje sosai. Na'urori daban-daban suna gudanar da nau'ikan Android daban-daban, da haɓaka don ƙarin na'urori yana nufin ƙarin kulawa, halin kaka, da gwaji. Na biyu, yana da mahimmanci don app ɗin ku don tallafawa kewayon firikwensin da wuraren UI.

Java

Java sanannen yaren shirye-shirye ne kuma babban zaɓi ne don haɓaka ƙa'idodin Android. Harshen yana da sassauƙa, scalable, kuma extensible. Hakanan ya zo tare da ɗimbin ɗakin karatu na ƙirar ƙira ta asali da mafi kyawun ayyuka. Bugu da kari, Java bude tushen, wanda ke nufin cewa masu haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙirar ayyuka na zamani da sake amfani da lambar. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu haɓaka app ɗin Android za su iya amfani da Java don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar da ta keɓance ta musamman ga bukatunsu.

In Java, yana da mahimmanci a yi taka tsantsan yayin mu'amala da abubuwa. Abubuwa na iya ɗaukar ƙima na gaske ko maras kyau, don haka ya kamata ku yi taka tsantsan yayin mu'amala da su. Yawancin masu haɓakawa suna magance wannan matsalar ta ƙara bayanan da suka dace ko amfani da Zaɓuɓɓuka. Ko da wadannan hanyoyin, duk da haka, kurakurai za su faru a ƙarshe. An yi sa'a, akwai albarkatu da yawa waɗanda zasu iya taimaka muku koyon Java don haɓaka app ɗin Android.

Na farko, kuna buƙatar yanayin ci gaba. Wannan ya haɗa da Android Studio da Android SDK. Waɗannan kayan aikin kyauta ne kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe waɗanda za su iya taimaka muku haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android. Tabbatar cewa an shigar da sabbin nau'ikan waɗannan fakitin software akan PC ɗinku. Wannan zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar aiki da sauri. Mataki na gaba na haɓaka manhajar Android shine yanke shawarar sunan ta. Tabbatar ba da app ɗin sunan fakitin, wanda zai zama nuni na ciki don Android. Ya kamata sunan ya ƙunshi babban yanki mai matsayi (misali.com) da sunan app ɗin ku. Idan ba ku mallaki yanki ba, zaka iya amfani kawai “com” a matsayin sunan kamfani ko app. Bayan zabar suna, kana buƙatar zaɓar wurin da za a adana fayiloli, da kuma wanne yaren coding don amfani.

Java zaɓi ne mai kyau don haɓaka app ɗin Android. Harshen yana ba da duk mahimman abubuwan da aikace-aikacen ke buƙata. Bugu da ƙari, zama harshe mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa na shirye-shirye, Java yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran harsuna.

Python

Yawancin masu haɓakawa suna juyawa zuwa Python don haɓaka app ɗin Android saboda sauƙin amfani da sauri. Python yana da kyakkyawan tsari, wanda ke nufin cewa zaku iya ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan apps ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba. Wannan harshe kuma yana dacewa da dandamali da yawa kuma yana da babban matakin sake amfani da shi. Wannan yana nufin cewa zaku iya ginawa da sake amfani da lambar da kuka riga kuka rubuta don wani aikace-aikacen.

Ɗayan rashin lahani na amfani da Python don haɓaka app ɗin Android shine gaskiyar cewa ba ta asali ba ce ga Android ko iOS, wanda zai iya haifar da wasu rashin daidaituwa a cikin nau'ikan app ɗin ku daban-daban. Duk da haka, za ku iya rage waɗannan batutuwa ta hanyar aiki tare da ƙungiyar masu haɓaka Python waɗanda kuma suka saba da haɓaka aikace-aikacen hannu.

Yayin da Python ba yaren asali bane ga Android, ana iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi ta amfani da ƙirar tushen XML na Android. PyQtdeploy, misali, yana taimaka maka rubuta aikace-aikace don Android ta hanyar samar da fayil na Qt.pro da takamaiman makefile. Haka kuma, akwai plugin da ake kira Chaquopy wanda ke ba ku damar haɗa Python da code Java a cikin app ɗin ku ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Ƙungiyar Python tana aiki sosai kuma tana ba da adadi mai yawa na takardu, jagorori, da koyawa. Kivy babban ɗakin karatu ne na Python wanda ke goyan bayan haɓaka app ɗin Android. Hakanan yana dacewa da iOS, OS X, da Linux. Haka kuma, Hakanan yana ba ku damar haɓaka aikace-aikacen taɓawa da yawa, wanda shine babban ƙari ga masu haɓakawa da yawa.

BeeWare yana ba ku damar keɓance mu'amala da halayyar ƙa'idar wayar hannu ta Python. Yana buɗe tushen kuma yana da lasisin BSD, wanda ke nufin cewa yana samuwa ga kowa da kowa. Ƙungiyar BeeWare tana aiki don ƙarfafa haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka, al'umma daban-daban.

Android NDK

Idan kana amfani da Android Studio, Wataƙila kun zazzage kuma kun shigar da sabuwar sigar Android NDK. Wannan sigar gabaɗaya ta dace da yawancin ayyuka. Duk da haka, akwai lokutan da za ku buƙaci amfani da sigar daban. An yi sa'a, zaku iya saita Android Studio don amfani da takamaiman nau'ikan NDK don aikinku. Za a adana waɗannan nau'ikan NDK a cikin android-sdk/ndk/directory.

Android NDK yana ba masu haɓaka damar yin amfani da ikon sarrafa na asali da haɓaka ƙa'idodi don aiki. Wannan yana nufin masu haɓakawa za su iya sake amfani da gina ɗakunan karatu da aikace-aikace na asali. Misali, idan app ɗinku yana amfani da zane-zane, za ku iya amfani da API ɗin zane na asali. Hakanan yana ba ku damar gina ɗakunan karatu na tsaye da ɗakunan karatu na asali.

Lokacin da kake aiki tare da Android NDK, za ku iya ƙirƙirar sabon aiki, tattara wani data kasance, ko bude wani data kasance. Bugu da kari, NDK kuma yana da samfurori da takardu, kazalika da nau'ikan aikace-aikacen samfurin. Hakanan kuna iya gwada aikace-aikacenku akan ainihin waya ko kwaikwaya.

Android NDK yana ba ku damar amfani da yarukan asali kamar C++. Wannan yana da amfani don aiwatar da ayyuka masu ƙarfi na lissafi, kyakkyawan aikin na'urar, da kuma haɗa dakunan karatu na yanzu cikin apps. Duk da haka, yawancin aikace-aikacen ba sa buƙatar irin wannan coding. Amma idan kuna haɓaka babban wasan kwaikwayo ko ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar, yana da daraja zuba jari a cikin NDK.

Lokacin da yazo ga lambar Java, Android tana ba da na'ura mai kama da Dalvik (VM), wanda shine mai fassara na Java. Wannan VM an inganta shi musamman don tsarin tare da ƙayyadaddun albarkatun kayan masarufi.

Kotlin

Idan kuna neman koyan abubuwan yau da kullun na Kotlin don haɓaka app ɗin Android, Kun zo wurin da ya dace. Wannan littafi na Peter Sommerhoff yana bibiyar ku ta hanyar haɓaka ƙa'idodin Android guda biyu ta amfani da harshe. Ya haɗa da cikakken jerin lambobi waɗanda zasu yi matukar taimako yayin da kuke koyon yaren.

Littafin yana ba da cikakkiyar gabatarwa ga Kotlin, tare da babban saitin lambobi. Hakanan yana tafiya da ku ta hanyar haɓaka aikace-aikacen Android guda biyu, kuma ya ƙunshi misalai da yawa don taimaka muku koyon harshen. Ko da kuwa ko kuna koyan abubuwan yau da kullun ko kuna buƙatar sabuntawa mai sauri, Kotlin zai taimaka muku haɓaka ƙa'idodin ku cikin sauri da inganci.

Kafin magance Kotlin don haɓaka app ɗin Android, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa harshen yana da madaidaicin koyo. Yana da mahimmanci ku ɗauki lokaci don sanin kanku da sabon harshe, kuma don la'akari da yadda canjin zai yi tasiri ga tsarin aikin ku. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da gine-ginen wayar hannu da kuke amfani da shi yana faɗaɗawa kuma ya dace da Kotlin.

Kotlin harshe ne na buɗe ido, wanda ke nufin zaka iya samun misalan lambar cikin sauƙi. Hakanan ƙungiyar JetBrains tana kiyaye lambar akan GitHub. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa wa masu haɓakawa don raba abubuwan da suka kirkira tare da al'umma. Yana da kyauta! Kotlin ya zama sanannen zaɓi ga masu haɓakawa a duk faɗin duniya, kuma an yi amfani da shi daga manyan kamfanoni da kamfanoni da aka kafa.

Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin Kotlin shine cewa dandamali ne na giciye. Domin ya dace da Java, Ana iya haɗa lambar Kotlin don dandamali da yawa. Wannan fa'ida ce ga masu haɓaka wayar hannu da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙirƙirar nau'ikan aikace-aikacen su da yawa. Hakanan yana da ƙaƙƙarfan saiti na ɗakunan karatu da tsare-tsare don haɓaka app ɗin Android. Duk da haka, Kotlin yana da doguwar hanya a gaba dangane da dacewa da sabbin ɗakunan karatu.

Maida martani

React Native shine tsarin haɓaka wayar hannu wanda ke ba ku damar ƙirƙira da rarraba ƙa'idar ga ɗimbin masu sauraro tare da codebase guda ɗaya kawai.. An gina shi tare da mai da hankali kan ƙwarewar ɗan ƙasa, don haka app ɗinku zai riƙe kamanninsa da jin daɗinsa. Miliyoyin kamfanoni, farawa, kuma manyan ƙwararrun fasaha suna amfani da React Native don kunna aikace-aikacen su.

Amfani da React Native zai hanzarta aiwatar da ci gaba, amma bazai dace da kowane nau'in apps ba. Misali, ƙila za ku buƙaci hayar mai haɓaka app ɗin wayar hannu don taimaka muku ƙaddamar da app ɗin ku akan dandamali daban-daban. Za su sami ƙarin ƙwarewa tare da shagunan app da takaddun da ake buƙata don ƙaddamar da nasara. Labari mai dadi shine cewa zaku iya guje wa hayar mai haɓakawa wanda ke aiki akan dandamali ɗaya kawai – yana iya ɗaukar lokaci sosai don koyon fasahohi daban-daban da aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban.

Idan kuna haɓaka app akan Android, kana buƙatar yin la'akari da bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan Android da React Native. Misali, Android 9 masu amfani za su iya amfani da Android Studio don ƙirƙirar gunkin al'ada. A cikin Android Studio, za ku iya shigo da babban gunki kuma ku sake rubuta tsohuwar alamar app ɗin ku. Lokacin da kuka buga app ɗin ku, tabbata ka loda app ɗinka zuwa shagon Google Play.

Wani fa'idar React Native shine ikonsa na ci gaban dandamali. Ga hanya, za ku iya ci gaba da gudanar da app ɗinku yayin yin canje-canje ga UI da lambar. Wannan yana da fa'ida saboda yana adana lokacin mai haɓakawa kuma yana rage lokacin da aka kashe don sake haɓaka ƙa'idar.. Bayan haka, React Native kuma yana ba da yuwuwar shigar da lambar asali.