Abin da Kuna Bukatar Sanin Game da Ci gaban App na Android

Idan kuna sha'awar koyo game da haɓaka app ɗin Android, Kun zo wurin da ya dace. A cikin wannan labarin, Za ku koya game da Java, Kotlin, Rushewa, da musayar mai amfani. Hakanan zaku koya game da Android SDK, Ndk, da Rarrabuwa. Da fatan, Wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku fara gina kayan aikin a cikin lokaci. Idan kun sami tambayoyi, Kada ku ji tsoron tambaya!

Java

Idan kuna shirin haɓaka appnroid app, sannan Java zai iya zama kyakkyawan harshe don amfani. Java shine babban yare-Programming, da kuma syntax yana dauke da kama da na harsuna. Saboda, Aikace-aikacen Java sun fi sassauƙa kuma Scalable, kuma zo tare da ɗakunan karatu na tsoho ƙirar ƙira da mafi kyawun ayyuka. Java shima tushe ne, wanda ke nufin yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da lambar mai amfani a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. Java don ci gaban App na Android yana daya daga cikin yaruka na yau da kullun na ci gaban app na Android.

Idan kuna la'akari da Java don ci gaban app na Android, Kuna buƙatar fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin wannan yare na shirye-shirye da kotolin. Idan kuna la'akari da Java azaman zaɓinku na farko, ka tuna cewa har yanzu yana da fiye da 20 shekaru fiye da Kotlin. M, Kuna buƙatar koyon waɗannan harsuna idan kuna son samun mafi yawan wannan dandamali. Wataƙila kuna son gina app wanda yake amfani da harsuna biyu.

Java yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan Kotlin, Amma yana da kadan wahala koyo. Yayinda aka yi amfani da Java mafi yadu a cikin ci gaban Android, Kotlin ba shi da amfani sosai. Yayin da Kotlin ya fi sauƙi a koya fiye da java, zabi ne mai kyau don ci gaban Android. Kotlin ya fi sauƙi a koya fiye da Java kuma shine yaren Google ya ba da shawarar ci gaban Android. Har ila yau yana samar da ƙarin tallafi ga ci gaban Android.

Kotlin

Idan kuna shirin amfani da yaren Kotlin don ci gaban app na Android, Akwai 'yan abubuwan da ya kamata ka sani da farko. Yayinda yake bayar da fa'idodi da yawa, Yana buƙatar ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Ba shi da sauki kamar sauran harsunan shirye-shirye kuma yana buƙatar sake rubuta ayyukan da inganta su. Sannan kuma, Idan kuna da mahimmanci game da ƙirƙirar app ɗin Killer, Za ku kasance a shirye don magance duk wata kalubale da ta zo da hanyar ku. Wani abin da ya kamata ku tuna shi ne cewa Kotlin zai haifar da aiwatar da aikinku da sauri.

Tun daga gabatarwar ta a cikin taron Google I / o a 2017, Kotlin ya sami shahararrun shahararrun mutane da sauri yana dawowa jiva a matsayin mafi mashahuri shirye-shirye shirye-shirye na Android. Wannan sabon yare shine mafi tsaka a taƙaice kuma ƙasa da lambar boilerpllate. Hakanan yana rage buƙatun gwaji da kiyayewa na app, haifar da ƙarancin kwari da ƙananan fashewa. Idan aka kwatanta da Java, Lambar Kotlin tana da karami da ƙari.

Duk da yake Java ya daɗe da tushe don samfuran Android, Sabuwar yaren Kotlin ya sanya masu haɓakawa da yawa suna sake jan hankalin su don ƙirƙirar apps. An kirkiro Kotlin ta hanyar farawa daga Rasha kuma an gina shi a kan injin Java. An buga shi, Yaren shirye-shirye na aiki wanda ke gudana akan injin Java. Manufar Kotlin ita ce samar da sauri sau biyu kuma don yin sauƙin sauƙaƙewa.

Rushewa

Amfani da Gaggawa A cikin Haɓaka App na Android yana ba masu haɓakawa don amfani da kira don gudanar da rayuwar gunaguni. Waɗannan hanyoyin ana amfani dasu a cikin kayan aikin Android, kuma hada da Oncreate, m, kan Dakata, kan Rusa, kuma passere. Amfani da kira na iya yin guntunku na yau da kullun, tsayar, da kuma abubuwan da aka gyara. Hakanan zasu iya taimaka wa App ɗinku amsa ga bayanan da ake kira daban-daban, kuma na iya wucewa muhawara ga fara aiki na iyaye.

A cikin haɓakar app na Android, wani yanki shine yanki na mai amfani da mai amfani. Ya danganta da girman allo na na'urar, Gidaje yakamata su zama masu zaman kanta da kayan aiki. Gutsuttsarin da ke tsakanin ayyukan, kuma ana iya haɗe shi don ƙirƙirar aiki guda. Bugu da kari, Za'a iya sake amfani da gutsuttsari a fadin fuska daban-daban. Graphonation ya sa ya zama sauƙaƙa ga masu haɓaka don kula da lambar app.

Using Fragments in Android app development eliminates the problem of non-null UI elements. Instead of making fragments inherit from the Activity, you can create separate Fragments for each form factor. Fragments only have UI responsibilities specific to that form factor, so your Activity can delegate UI responsibility to the appropriate Fragment. A fragment can have multiple components, such as buttons or menus.

Fragmentation in Android app development is an ongoing issue. Many mobile device manufacturers are customizing the Android OS to fit a specific device. This leads to multiple differences in the code, which means that different versions of an application will run differently. For developers, this can be an enormous challenge, but Google is working to fix this problem. By offering an Android compatibility program, developers can easily filter which devices and versions they can develop for.

Native user interfaces

Native user interfaces in Android app development can be created by incorporating Java programming and XML. Android views provide structural behavior, while ViewGroups are native components that can add design elements or standard behavior. Misali, the PageViewer viewgroup provides horizontal swiping in the browser, similar to the Google app. The application can make use of both views and ViewGroups to ensure that it’s easy to use.

While there are many advantages to implementing a hybrid design approach, it’s not always the most cost-effective solution. Many iOS developers find that the cost of developing an app for both platforms is prohibitive. An yi sa'a, Fewan ƙa'idodi masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi suna sauƙaƙa aiwatar da tsarin UI na asali a Android. Amma masu zanen kaya dole ne suyi la'akari da cewa jagororin UI sun bambanta ga iOS da Android. Aiwatar da tsarin zamani na al'ada na iya buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari, Musamman idan burin farko na app din shine a nada masu amfani da iPhone.

Masu amfani da Android zasu iya samun damar aikace-aikace ta hanyar keɓaɓɓiyar ke dubawa da kuma mai amfani da mai amfani da OS (UI). Ui wakilci ne na gani na wani tsarin, kamar allo na gida da sanarwa na sanarwa. Ui duka kayan masarufi da software kuma suna iya haɗawa da Windows, Shafukan yanar gizo, Hotunan yanar gizo na hannu, da kuma ma'aurata da fitilu. Unia Uis kuma ta ba da fa'idar zama cikakken aiki akan na'urori daban-daban.

Gwadawa

Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaji guda biyu na gwaji na Android: unit tests and integration tests. Unit tests are smaller pieces of code that verify functionality; end-to-end tests run on a real device, while integration tests verify how the app works across all modules. Integration tests should account for around 20% of the total number of tests. Idan kun kasance sabon mai haɓakawa, it can be helpful to use a testing codelab to learn more about this process.

You’ll need to create an APK before you can start writing tests. Instrumented tests run on the device and require that you include the Android framework, which is available through the Android ADB. To make sure everything works, you’ll want to make sure you have the required test libraries. If your test library doesn’t include these, you’ll have trouble integrating it. An yi sa'a, instrumented tests are incredibly useful and are easy to use.

To run tests locally on your development machine, use Robolectric. This framework is designed to run on a local host and follows best practices for mocks. Robolectric is particularly useful for testing Android apps because it allows you to run tests on Android dependencies and is fast and clean for unit testing. It can also simulate runtime on Android 4.1 and supports community-maintained fakes. Ga hanya, you can test your code without an emulator.

Distribution

There are many marketing channels for Android apps. The first and foremost is the Google Play. This marketplace is the largest of its kind and allows developers to distribute their apps in a variety of ways. In addition to the App Store and Google Play, Android has a few other distribution channels. If your app aims to reach the largest audience, it would be a good idea to explore them all. There are also various other ways to distribute your app, including mobile marketplaces like the Amazon App Store, the iTunes Store, and the Play Store.

Once your Android app is complete, you can distribute it to your testers. Domin wannan, you will need to create a simple frontend that will enable testers to install the app. Once the testers have downloaded the app, they must sign in to their accounts or open an email on their mobile devices. This can be very time-consuming and will lead to missing changes. A madadin, you can use cross-platform testing distribution.

Another benefit of Android app development is that it is easy to customize. Because Android is a highly customizable platform, developers can easily tailor it to meet their business needs. Haka kuma, with Android, there’s no single distribution platform, so developers can create multiple distribution channels for their apps. This means that they can reach out to multiple target audiences, which is a great advantage for any business. Kuma, since the platform is open source, this gives manufacturers more options and freedom to create Android apps.