Wadanne Harsunan Shirye-shiryen ne Mafi Kyau don Ci gaban App na Android?

Idan kuna tunanin gina manhajar Android, Kuna iya mamakin ko Java, C#, Kotlin, XML, ko kuma ana iya amfani da wani yaren shirye-shirye. Za ku sami amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin a cikin wannan labarin. Kafin ka fara rubuta app ɗin ku, koyi da tushen kowane daya. Sannan, ci gaba zuwa ƙarin ci-gaba batutuwa. Ko kana rubuta manhajar wayar hannu ta farko, ko kuma idan kuna aiki akan aikace-aikacen kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, akwai tsarin haɓaka app na Android wanda ke aiki a gare ku.

Java

Koyon yadda ake yin code a Java wani muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin haɓaka app ɗin Android. Java harshe ne mai ƙarfi na shirye-shirye wanda ke ba masu haɓaka damar ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin mu'amala waɗanda masu amfani za su iya mu'amala da su. Wannan yaren shirye-shirye yana baiwa masu haɓaka Android damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace ta amfani da tsarin bayanai iri-iri, ciki har da kirtani da lambobi. Aikace-aikacen Android suna buƙatar amfani da nau'ikan tsarin bayanai daban-daban, wanda ke buƙatar kyakkyawar fahimtar harshe. Don koyon Java don haɓaka app ɗin Android, fara da koyon tushen tsarin bayanai.

Wani babban fa'idar koyan Java don haɓaka app ɗin android shine gaskiyar cewa yaren yana sanye da babban ɗakin karatu na ƙirar ƙira. Wannan ɗakin karatu yana ba masu haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan tushe wanda zai haɓaka ƙa'idodin su. Wannan yana bawa masu haɓaka damar ƙirƙirar hadaddun aikace-aikace ba tare da sadaukar da sauƙin amfani da wasu ƙa'idodin ba. Java kuma yana ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don haɓaka aikace-aikacen hannu, yin sauƙi don gina ƙa'idodin da za su iya girma tare da bukatun masu amfani da ku.

Idan kuna shirin amfani da Java don haɓaka app ɗin Android, ku sani cewa harshen ba kyauta ba ne. Oracle yana shirin canza samfurin lasisin Java a ciki 2019 kuma ba za su ƙara ƙyale masu haɓakawa su yi amfani da harshen kyauta ba. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da madadin Java, kamar Kotlin, wanda ke da kyauta don amfani. Duk da haka, idan kuna amfani da Java don haɓaka app ɗin Android, yana da mahimmanci a sami shawarar doka.

C#

Idan kuna neman haɓaka app na Android, ya kamata ku yi amfani da C#. Wannan yaren shirye-shiryen da ya dace da abu yana kama da Java amma yana da mafi sauƙi. Hakanan yaren Windows ne kawai. Fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da keɓance mai sauƙin fahimta, saurin koyo, da fasali iri-iri. Duk da haka, idan kuna neman yin wasa mai sarkakiya, kuna son amfani da C++.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da Kotlin don haɓaka ƙa'idodin Android. Kotlin harshe ne da aka buga a kididdigar da ke amfani da Injin Virtual Java (JVM). Yana bayar da tsaftataccen madaidaicin lamba, sanya shi shahara tsakanin masu haɓaka app na Android. Harshen shirye-shiryen Java shine mafi tsufa a cikin dukkan manyan yarukan shirye-shirye, amma ya kasance sanannen zaɓi saboda faffadan ɗakin karatu da damar haɗawa. JetBrains ne ya kirkiro Kotlin, kamfanin da ke yin Java.

Fitattun abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban Android shine rashin ingantaccen sarrafawa da jagororin sa. Rarraba na'urorin Android yana da wahala a magance duk wani malware. Hakanan kuna iya gano cewa wasu fasaloli sun keta haƙƙin mallaka ko wasu ƙa'idodi. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa masu amfani da Android suna da ƙarancin biyan kuɗi fiye da na masu amfani da iOS. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye waɗannan abubuwan a hankali yayin haɓaka ƙa'idar Android. Idan kuna tunanin koyon C # don haɓaka app ɗin Android, yana da kyau a fara da ƙaramin aiki.

Kotlin

Wataƙila kun ji labarin Kotlin don haɓaka app ɗin Android, amma kun tabbata kuna son gwadawa? Akwai fa'idodi da yawa na koyon Kotlin. Ba wai kawai yana ba da ƙarin yaren shirye-shirye na zamani ba, shi ma yana da ƴan kwari. Wannan yana nufin app ɗinku zai isa kasuwa da sauri kuma zai kasance mafi karko. Google yana tallafawa Kotlin bisa hukuma akan Android. Baya ga samun sauƙin koyo, shi ma ba shi da rikitarwa fiye da Java.

Java har yanzu sanannen yaren shirye-shirye ne don haɓaka app ɗin Android, amma Kotlin yana samun karbuwa a tsakanin masu haɓakawa. Daidaitawar sa tare da Java da Manufar C yana nufin cewa za ku iya amfani da shi ba tare da damuwa game da takamaiman harshe ba.. Wannan yana nufin zaku adana lokaci akan gwajin kwaro da tabbacin inganci, kuma zai iya mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi masu inganci tare da ƙarancin ƙoƙari. Bugu da kari, Kotlin na iya zama mafi inganci fiye da Java, wanda ke nufin za ku iya amfani da ƙarancin lokacinku masu daraja don haɓaka apps na Android.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin Kotlin don haɓaka app ɗin Android shine ɗaukarsa cikin sauri. Domin Kotlin yana da sauƙin koya da kulawa, yana zama harshen zaɓi ga yawancin masu haɓakawa. A gaskiya, shi ne yaren shirye-shirye mafi girma cikin sauri a kasuwa, dama bayan Swift. Bugu da kari, zaka iya amfani da duk dakunan karatu na Android, gami da daurin bayanai, sarrafa bayanai, da sauransu. Kotlin na iya taimaka muku haɓaka aikace-aikace cikin sauri fiye da kowane lokaci, kuma za ku iya amfani da su cikin sauri da inganci.

XML

XML harshe ne mai ƙima da ake amfani da shi wajen haɓaka app ɗin Android. Ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar, tsari, da karkatar da bayanai. Asalin wannan tsari an ƙirƙira shi ne don amfani akan yanar gizo. Mai nauyi, m, kuma sauki syntax sanya shi manufa domin mobile ci gaban. Ana ƙarfafa masu haɓaka app ɗin Android su koyi XML don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen nasara. Anan akwai wasu dalilai don amfani da XML a cikin aikin Android ɗin ku na gaba.

An rubuta shimfidu na Android a cikin XML kuma suna ayyana tsarin abubuwan haɗin mai amfani. Dole ne fayil ɗin shimfidawa ya kasance yana da tushen tushen, kamar ajin View, wanda ke wakiltar abu mai amfani. Ƙungiyoyin kallo, wanda ke wakiltar kwantena shimfidar wuri na abu Duba, su ne subclasses of View. XML kamar database ne, sai dai ba shi da al'amurran gama gari na HTML da CSS. Abun Dubawa yanki ne na rectangular akan allo. Ana iya amfani da XML don ayyana shimfidawa da girman kowane abu Dubawa.

Ana yawan amfani da bayanan XML a aikace-aikacen Android don inganta bincike da inganta musayar bayanai. Amfani da XML a cikin haɓaka app ɗin Android yayi kama da amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin fayil don musayar bayanai. Bugu da kari, yana bayar da mahallin bayanai, yin bincike da musayar bayanai da wayo. Asalin sa tun daga farkon zamanin Android, kuma amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar bugawa ya samo asali. Yin amfani da XML a cikin haɓaka ƙa'idar Android ba kawai sauƙi bane kuma mafi inganci amma zai taimaka muku ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodi masu inganci.

Rushewa

A cikin duniyar ci gaban Android, rarrabuwa dabara ce don rarraba ayyuka zuwa ƙananan guntu. Ana kiran waɗannan guntun gutsuttsura kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ViewGroup na Ayyukan Mai watsa shiri. Gutsuka iya samar da bayyanar wani abu a cikin XML ko Java. Suna kuma soke hanyar onCreateView don danganta bayyanar su da aikin. Akwai hanyoyi masu mahimmanci guda uku waɗanda dole ne guntu ya aiwatar.

A cikin haɓakar app na Android, za ku iya ƙirƙirar gutsuttsuran ayyukanku, kowanne daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi bangaren mai amfani. Gutsuttsura na iya zama a tsaye ko mai ƙarfi, kuma zaku iya amfani da ɗayan ɗayan don ƙirƙirar kamanni da jin daɗin aikace-aikacenku. Ga samfurin aiki, wanda ke nuna gutsutsu biyu don wayoyin hannu da kwamfutar hannu. Kuna iya amfani da ajin mai riƙe da wuri kamar FrameLayout don ƙirƙirar juzu'i don ayyukanku.

Hanyar gutsuttsura kuma tana da amfani don keɓance sandar aikin ku. Yana yiwuwa a ƙara da cire gutsuttsura a hankali, kuma tsarin rayuwarsa yana shafar rayuwar rayuwar aikin. Har ila yau, guntuwar suna da tsarin rayuwa na musamman, don haka yakamata ku san wannan lokacin haɓaka aikace-aikacen ku. Har ila yau, guntuwar suna da sauƙin kiyayewa saboda ana iya ƙara su kuma cire su daga aikin a hankali. Haka kuma, gutsuttsura suna ba ku damar amfani da allo daban-daban da shimfidu.

Linux Kernel

Hanya ɗaya don haɓaka apps don Android shine amfani da Linux Kernel. Kernel na Linux shine tushen tsarin aiki na Linux. Tsarin tsari ne wanda ke sarrafa damar samun albarkatu, kamar na'urori masu auna sigina. Ana kiran waɗannan matakai tsarin init, kuma suna da alhakin fara yanayin kisa, ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗi da tsarin fayil, da kafa ayyuka irin su selinux. Don amfani da Linux Kernel a cikin aikace-aikacen Android, dole ne ka fara koya game da gine-ginensa.

Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci bambance-bambance tsakanin gine-ginen kayan aikin Android da kernels na Linux. Tunda su biyun sun bambanta sosai, kwaya zai bambanta. Wasu kayan masarufi na iya samun direbobi masu mallakar mallaka. Wannan na iya sa haɓaka apps don Android wahala. Duk da yake wannan ba matsala ce gama gari ba, Koyan yadda ake amfani da Linux Kernel na iya ba masu haɓaka gaba yayin haɓaka ƙa'idodi. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kernel Linux yana goyan bayan gine-gine daban-daban.

Sabunta Linux Kernel sun daɗe suna haifar da cece-kuce. Yayin da wasu masu amfani ke ba da shawarar gujewa sake haɗa OS a wayar su, wasu sun yi zargin cewa wadannan kwayayen na iya haifar da tabarbarewar tsaro. Idan haka ne, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da kwaya mai yawa. Google kuma yana ƙaddamar da wani sabon tsari mai suna GKI wanda zai ba da damar tsarin Android ya yi aiki akan na'urorin da ba su da takamaiman software na hardware..