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Dị ka onye mmemme Android, ị nwere ike ịmalite ịmepụta ngwa maka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka wee nweta nghọta bara uru n'ọtụtụ isiokwu dị iche iche. Java, Kotlin, Xamarin, Mepee Njikọ aka Handset, na Android Studio bụ naanị ole na ole n'ime asụsụ nzuzo ị nwere ike ịma. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ekwukwa maka gam akporo SDK na otu esi eji ya mepụta ngwa kacha baa uru. Na mgbakwunye, anyị ga-ekpuchi ụfọdụ ọrụ mmeghe mepere emepe ị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na ya.
Ọ bụrụ na ị dị ọhụrụ na mmepe Android, mgbe ahụ ị ga-amụta ka esi emepụta ngwa Android na Java Programmierer. Asụsụ gọọmentị maka imepụta ngwa Android bụ Java, mana enwere otutu uzo ozo. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Kotlin karịrị ndị asọmpi ya Clojure na Scala ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ mmemme nke abụọ ama ama maka gam akporo. N'agbanyeghị mmasị mmemme gị, ị nwere ike irite uru site n'ịmụ ka esi ahazi ngwa Android site na iji Java.
Otu n'ime uru ndị dị n'ịmụ Java bụ na ọ dị mfe iburu. Emepụtara asụsụ a maka ndị mmemme ọhụrụ ma ejirila ya n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ngwanrọ. N'ihe ọmụma Java zuru oke, ị nwere ike isonye na gam akporo-Entwicklungsteam wee rụchaa ọrụ na-enweghị itinye nnukwu ego na ọzụzụ. gbakwunyere, ị nwere ike ịtụkwasị obi ndị mmepe ọhụrụ a ka ha rụọ ezigbo ọrụ. Mana kedu ka ị ga-esi nweta ezigbo nkuzi?
Na mbụ, ị ghaghị ijide n'aka na ị nwere ngwaọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ndị mmepe Android ga-ama Java. Java bụ asụsụ mmemme a na-ejikarị na sistemụ arụmọrụ Android. Asụsụ na-akwado ọtụtụ nyiwe, gụnyere gam akporo. N'ihi nke a, ịkwesịrị ịma ha abụọ. Kotlin dị mfe ịmụta karịa Java, yabụ ị ga-ahọrọ ya ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ngwa mmemme nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ma gam akporo na iOS.
Mgbe ha mụtachara Java, ị kwesịrị ịmalite ịmepụta ngwa android gị. Java SDK bụ ikpo okwu efu na-akwado koodu ejisiri, ya mere ezigbo Java programmierer dị mkpa maka onye nrụpụta ngwa mkpanaka ọ bụla. Ebe mara mma ịmụta Java bụ ahịa Android. Enwere puku ngwa dịnụ. Enwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ dị iche iche ịhọrọ, ka i nwee ike ibido ozugbo! Mgbe ị mụtara Java, N'oge na-adịghị anya ị ga-abụ onye nrụpụta gam akporo gam akporo kacha mma enwere.
Ọ bụrụ na ị bụ onye mmemme Android, eleghị anya ị nụla banyere Kotlin. Ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na mmalite amalitela ịmepụta ngwa Android na Kotlin. Google nwere ọbụna webụsaịtị maka ndị mmepe Kotlin. Nzọụkwụ mbụ iji mụta ka esi ede koodu ngwa gam akporo na Kotlin bụ ịbanye maka otu nkuzi Google, ma ọ bụ were nke Udacity nyere.
Ụzọ dị mma isi malite na Kotlin bụ ịbanye maka nkuzi ọzụzụ n'efu site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepe Android. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a bụ ndị ọkachamara n'asụsụ a ga-akụziri gị ihe ndị bụ isi. Klas Android-Programmer ga-akụziri gị otu esi eji gam akporo Studio, Mpempe ngwanrọ efu nke ị nwere ike ibudata ka ịmalite. Ha ga-akụziri gị ihe ndabere nke Android na Kotlin, gụnyere ngwa mmepe ngwanrọ gam akporo. Klas a na-eji aka yana gụnye ọtụtụ ahụmịhe bara uru yana itinye koodu dị mfe. Ị ga-ahụ nsonaazụ ngwa ngwa, gụnyere nseta ihuenyo ka ngwa gị si arụ ọrụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị ịbụ onye mmemme Android, Kotlin nwere ike inyere gị aka iji nkà ọhụrụ gị mee ihe kacha mma. Android bụ sistemụ mkpanaka kacha ewu ewu, ya na 75% nke ahịa. Site n'ịmụ ka esi eme Android na Kotlin, ị nwere ike nweta uru asọmpi na ụlọ ọrụ mkpanaka. Kotlin bụ asụsụ mmemme na-eto ngwa ngwa, na usoro na-akwado gị ide ọkachamara-ọkwa ngwa maka ikpo okwu. Emepụtara usoro ọmụmụ ihe mmemme na mmekorita ya na Google ma emebere ya ka ọ nyere gị aka wulite Pọtụfoliyo dị iche iche wee bụrụ ọkachamara mmemme gam akporo gam akporo..
Java abụrụla asụsụ bụ isi maka ịmepụta ngwa gam akporo, na ndị mmepe agbanweela na Kotlin n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị bụ onye mmemme Android, ịmụta Kotlin ga-enye gị ohere ịmepụta ngwa ngwa karịa ka ị chere. Site na teknụzụ mkpokọta LLMV ya, Koodu isi mmalite Kotlin na-achịkọta n'ime faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ kwụ ọtọ, na-enye gị ohere ide ngwa ngwa ngwa na nke ọma.
Ebu ụzọ mepụta asụsụ Kotlin na 2011 ma mee ka ewepụtara ya n'ihu ọha 2016. Ọ gafere ọtụtụ ọkwa nke mmepe alfa na beta tupu ahapụ ya, na ọtụtụ ọrụ na-eji ya tupu ntọhapụ nke gọọmentị. Kotlin bụ asụsụ mmemme dị ike ma dị irè, ijikọ njirimara kacha mma nke asụsụ ndị ọzọ na IDE Java. Ọ nwekwara ezigbo ndakọrịta na ọba akwụkwọ JDK dị iche iche.
Xamarin maka Android Programmer bụ usoro mmepe nke na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta ngwa ọdịnala maka gam akporo na iOS. UI nke ala ya na-enye ndị mmepe ohere iji otu codebase na asụsụ iji dee echiche azụmaahịa wee wepụta ahụmịhe onye ọrụ bara ụba n'ofe nyiwe.. Ọ na-enye gị ohere iji otu usoro maka mmepe na itinye ngwa gị. Nsonaazụ bụ ngwa na-adị ngwa ngwa, mfe ịnọgide na-enwe, ma nwee mperi mperi.
Edere Xamarin na C#, asụsụ tozuru etozu nwere ezigbo akara nchekwa. Ọ na-enye gị ohere iji ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, gụnyere igwefoto na igwe okwu, ka ị na-eji API ọhụrụ eme ihe. Xamarin bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Microsoft, ma dị mfe ijikọ na Visual Studio na MSDN. Ndị mmepe Microsoft nwere ike ịkwaga Xamarin ngwa ngwa, mana ha ga-achọ ịbanye na gburugburu C #, ya na getters na ihe onwunwe ya.
Xamarin maka Android Programmer bụ nnukwu nhọrọ maka ndị mmepe mkpanaka chọrọ ịmepụta otu ngwa maka ọtụtụ nyiwe. Agbanyeghị, usoro a nwere ike ibute ngwa ndị buru ibu karịa ngwa ala. Ọbụna a “Nnọọ, uwa” ngwa maka gam akporo nwere ike ịbụ 16 MB. Nke a bụ n'ihi nkwalite agbakwunyere, gụnyere iwepụ koodu ejighi ya na ọba akwụkwọ agụnyere. Na mgbakwunye, Xamarin for Android Programmer nwere ike iji usoro nke atọ mepụta ngwa maka nyiwe atọ niile.
Uru ọzọ nke Xamarin bụ na ọ na-eji otu teknụzụ teknụzụ karịa ọtụtụ nyiwe, ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ injinia na oge ahịa. Xamarin bụ ezigbo ngwọta maka ịmepụta ihe ngwọta ekwentị ụlọ ọrụ. Xamarin na-akwado UI ọkọlọtọ, nke na-ekpuchi 90 pasent nke ọrụ niile. Na mgbakwunye, Enwere ike ịkekọrịta mgbagha isi ngwaahịa n'ofe nyiwe, na customizations ga-ebuli 5-10% nke ngụkọta oge engineering.
Xamarin bụ usoro mmepe na-agafe agafe, na tọrọ ntọala na 2011. Obodo Xamarin agafeela ugbu a 1.4 nde ndị mmepe si 120 mba. Microsoft zụtara Xamarin na 2016 wee weba ya na IDE Visual Studio. A na-ejikarị ya na gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ ma natala ọtụtụ nyocha dị mma kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Odika 15,000 Ụlọ ọrụ na-eji Xamarin maka Android Programmer.
The Open Handset Alliance bụ njikọ ụlọ ọrụ nwere 84 ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye mmepe nke ụkpụrụ ngwaọrụ mkpanaka mepere emepe. Ndị otu a gụnyere AT&T, Dell, Intel, LG Electronics, Motorola, Qualcomm, Ngwa Texas, Nokia, Samsung Electronics, T-Mobile, Ụlọ ọrụ Sprint Corp, na Wind River Systems. Ụkpụrụ Open Handset Alliance ga-enyere ndị na-emepụta ngwaọrụ mkpanaka aka ịmepụta mma, ọzọ ọnụ, yana ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ. Gụkwuo ka ịmụta banyere mbọ ha na-eme iji weta ụkpụrụ ngwaọrụ mkpanaka mepere emepe nye ndị na-azụ ahịa.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ndị na-ebu ekwentị ọ bụla bụ otu, Ọtụtụ nwere oke na Open Handset Alliance na ụkpụrụ ya. Ọmụmaatụ, Verizon Wireless abụghị onye otu mana ekwuputala na ekwentị gam akporo nwere ike dabara na netwọkụ ikuku ikuku mepere emepe nke ụlọ ọrụ yana tozuru maka asambodo ngwa ngwa.. N'October, T-Mobile na HTC kwuputara G1 – ekwentị izizi jiri sistemụ arụmọrụ Google's Android. Open Handset Alliance bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa na-akwado ndị na-emepụta ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ka ha kesaa ozi n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ.
Mgbe gam akporo wepụrụ, Google weghaara iwu mmepe gam akporo. Malite n'isi 2010, Google weghaara mmepe nke ngwaọrụ Nexus flagship ya. N'August 2011, Google zụtara Motorola wee weta nrụpụta ngwaike n'ime ụlọ. Nke ahụ kwụsịrị n'ezie Open Handset Alliance dị ka ọgbakọ nweere onwe ya. Ka o sina dị, ọ bara uru ileba anya na nzukọ a. Ya mere, kedu uru na ọghọm dị na isonye na nzukọ a? Ileba anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nzukọ na atụmanya ọdịnihu.
Open Handset Alliance bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nwere ihe karịrị 80 ndị otu, gụnyere Google, HTC, Samsung, Qualcomm, na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ na-eduga. Ndị otu ya gụnyere ndị na-emepụta smartphone, ndị na-emepụta ekwentị, ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, na ụlọ ọrụ mmepe software. Ndị otu niile na-ekekọrịta nkwa ịgbasa ike azụmahịa nke mmepe ikpo okwu mepere emepe. Ya mere, ha na ibe ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ma na-ekekọrịta ndetu iji mee ka mmepe ngwa dị mfe. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na Open Handset Alliance abụghị asọmpi maka gam akporo.
Dị ka otu n'ime ndị tọrọ ntọala nke Open Handset Alliance, Samsung anabatala gam akporo site na mmalite. Ọ bụ ike ngwa ngwa na-eduga smartphone ika, ma jigidewo ọnọdụ ahụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Samsung ewepụtala usoro Galaxy S na-ewu ewu, ekwentị mmefu ego na etiti nso, yana folda Galaxy Z nke na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na Samsung ejirila ikpo okwu na-agbanwe smartphone, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye ọrụ gam akporo gam akporo.
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