Phunzirani Momwe Mungapangire Mapulogalamu a Android Ndi Android Programmierer

Monga wopanga mapulogalamu a Android, mutha kuyamba kupanga mapulogalamu azida zam'manja ndikupeza chidziwitso chofunikira pamitu yosiyanasiyana. Java, Kotlin, Xamarin, Open Handset Alliance, ndi Android Studio ndi zochepa chabe mwa zilankhulo zolembera zomwe mungathe kuzidziwa bwino. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirananso za Android SDK ndi momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu othandiza kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, tikambirana zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

Java

Ngati ndinu watsopano ku chitukuko cha Android, ndiye muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire mapulogalamu a Android ndi Java Programmierer. Chilankhulo chovomerezeka popanga mapulogalamu a Android ndi Java, koma pali njira zambiri. Kotlin posachedwapa waposa omwe akupikisana nawo Clojure ndi Scala kuti akhale chilankhulo chachiwiri chodziwika bwino cha mapulogalamu a Android.. Kaya mumakonda mapulogalamu, mutha kupindula pophunzira kukonza mapulogalamu a Android pogwiritsa ntchito Java.

Ubwino umodzi wophunzirira Java ndikuti ndikosavuta kunyamula. Chilankhulochi chinapangidwira opanga mapulogalamu atsopano ndipo chagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri zamapulogalamu. Ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha Java, mutha kujowina Android-Entwicklungsteam ndikumaliza ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pophunzitsa. Kuwonjezera, mutha kukhulupirira opanga atsopanowa kuti azichita ntchito yabwino. Koma mungapeze bwanji maphunziro abwino?

Choyambirira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti muli ndi zida zoyenera. Opanga Android ayenera kudziwa Java. Java ndiye chilankhulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu a Android. Chilankhulo chimathandizira nsanja zambiri, kuphatikizapo Android. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuzidziwa zonse ziwiri. Kotlin ndiyosavuta kuphunzira kuposa Java, kotero muyenera kusankha ngati mukufuna chida chokonzekera chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino ndi onse a Android ndi iOS.

Pambuyo pophunzira Java, muyenera kuyamba kupanga mapulogalamu anu Android. Java SDK ndi nsanja yaulere yomwe imathandizira ma code oyendetsedwa, chifukwa chake pulogalamu yabwino ya Java ndiyofunikira kwa wopanga mapulogalamu onse am'manja. Malo abwino ophunzirira Java ndi msika wa Android. Pali masauzande a mapulogalamu omwe alipo. Pali zambiri zomwe mungasankhe, kotero inu mukhoza kuyamba pomwepo! Mukaphunzira Java, posachedwa mudzakhala wopanga mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri a Android omwe alipo.

Kotlin

Ngati ndinu wopanga mapulogalamu a Android, mwina mwamvapo za Kotlin. Makampani ambiri akuluakulu ndi oyambitsa ayamba kupanga mapulogalamu a Android ku Kotlin. Google ilinso ndi tsamba laopanga Kotlin. Njira yoyamba yophunzirira kuyika ma code a Android ndi Kotlin ndikulembetsa ku imodzi mwamaphunziro a Google, kapena kutenga imodzi yoperekedwa ndi Udacity.

Njira yabwino yoyambira ndi Kotlin ndikulembetsa maphunziro aulere kuchokera ku kampani yachitukuko ya Android. Makampaniwa ndi akatswiri pachilankhulochi ndipo akuphunzitsani zoyambira. Maphunziro a Android-Programmer akuphunzitsanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Android Studio, pulogalamu yaulere yomwe mutha kutsitsa kuti muyambe. Adzakuphunzitsani zoyambira za Android ndi Kotlin, kuphatikiza Android Software Development Kit. Kalasiyi ndi yothandiza ndipo imaphatikizapo zochitika zambiri zothandiza komanso zolemba zosavuta. Mudzawona zotsatira mwamsanga, kuphatikiza zithunzi za momwe pulogalamu yanu imagwirira ntchito.

Ngati mukufuna kukhala wopanga mapulogalamu a Android, Kotlin angakuthandizeni kugwiritsa ntchito bwino luso lanu latsopano. Android ndiye odziwika kwambiri mafoni opaleshoni dongosolo, ndi 75% za msika. Pophunzira momwe mungapangire Android ku Kotlin, mutha kupeza mwayi wopikisana nawo pamsika wam'manja. Kotlin ndiye chilankhulo chomwe chikukula mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo maphunzirowa amakukonzekerani kuti mulembe mapulogalamu apamwamba papulatifomu. Maphunziro a pulogalamuyi amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi Google ndipo adapangidwa kuti akuthandizeni kupanga zolemba zosiyanasiyana ndikukhala katswiri wopanga mapulogalamu a Android..

Java yakhala chilankhulo chachikulu chopangira mapulogalamu a Android, ndipo otukula asamukira ku Kotlin m'zaka zaposachedwa. Koma ngati ndinu Android mapulogalamu, kuphunzira Kotlin kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga mapulogalamu mwachangu kuposa momwe mumaganizira. Ndi ukadaulo wake wa compiler wa LLMV, Khodi ya source ya Kotlin imapangidwa kukhala mafayilo oyimilira a binary, kukulolani kuti mulembe mapulogalamu mwachangu komanso mogwira mtima.

Chilankhulo cha Kotlin chinakhazikitsidwa koyamba 2011 ndipo adatulutsa mwalamulo 2016. Idadutsa magawo angapo a chitukuko cha alpha ndi beta isanatulutsidwe, ndipo mapulojekiti ambiri adagwiritsa ntchito asanatulutsidwe. Kotlin ndi chilankhulo champhamvu komanso chothandiza, kuphatikiza zabwino za zilankhulo zina ndi Java's IDE. Ilinso ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndi malaibulale osiyanasiyana a JDK.

Xamarin

Xamarin for Android Programmer ndi njira yopangira nsanja yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopanga mapulogalamu amtundu wa Android ndi iOS.. UI yake yakubadwa imalola opanga kugwiritsa ntchito codebase yomweyo ndi chilankhulo kuti alembe malingaliro abizinesi ndikupereka ogwiritsa ntchito olemera pamapulatifomu.. Imakupatsaninso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chimango chomwechi pakukulitsa ndi kutumiza pulogalamu yanu. Zotsatira zake ndi ntchito yomwe ili yachangu, zosavuta kusamalira, ndipo ili ndi zolakwika zochepa.

Xamarin yalembedwa mu C #, chilankhulo chokhwima chokhala ndi zilembo zabwino kwambiri zotetezedwa. Zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito malaibulale akumaloko, kuphatikiza kamera ndi maikolofoni, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma API aposachedwa. Xamarin ndi gawo la banja la Microsoft, ndipo ndiyosavuta kuphatikiza ndi Visual Studio ndi MSDN. Opanga Microsoft amatha kusamukira ku Xamarin mosavuta, koma adzafunika kuzolowera chilengedwe cha C #, ndi zotsatira zake ndi zotsatira zake.

Xamarin for Android Programmer ndi njira yabwino kwa opanga mafoni omwe amafunikira kupanga pulogalamu imodzi yamapulatifomu angapo. Komabe, njira iyi ikhoza kubweretsa mapulogalamu omwe ali aakulu kwambiri kuposa mapulogalamu amtundu. Ngakhale a “Moni, dziko” app kwa Android kungakhale 16 MB. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa kowonjezera, kuphatikiza kuchotsa manambala osagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malaibulale ophatikizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, Xamarin for Android Programmer atha kugwiritsa ntchito chipani chachitatu kupanga mapulogalamu pamapulatifomu onse atatu.

Ubwino wina wa Xamarin ndikuti umagwiritsa ntchito tekinoloje imodzi m'malo mwa nsanja zingapo, kuchepetsa mtengo wa uinjiniya ndi nthawi yogulitsa. Xamarin ndi yankho labwino kwambiri popanga mayankho amakampani am'manja. Xamarin imathandizira UI yokhazikika, chomwe chimakwirira 90 peresenti ya ntchito zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, core product logic imatha kugawidwa pamapulatifomu, ndipo makonda adzatenga 5-10% nthawi yonse ya uinjiniya.

Xamarin ndi gawo lachitukuko cha nsanja, ndipo anakhazikitsidwa mu 2011. Gulu la Xamarin tsopano likudutsa 1.4 mamiliyoni opanga kuchokera 120 mayiko. Microsoft idagula Xamarin mkati 2016 ndikuziphatikiza mu Visual Studio IDE. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabizinesi ndipo adalandira ndemanga zabwino zambiri pazaka zambiri. Pafupifupi 15,000 makampani amagwiritsa ntchito Xamarin kwa Android Programmer.

Open Handset Alliance

Open Handset Alliance ndi mgwirizano wamakampani wopangidwa ndi 84 makampani odzipereka kuti akhazikitse miyezo yotseguka yazida zam'manja. Mamembala a bungweli akuphatikizapo AT&T, Dell, Intel, LG Electronics, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Nokia, Samsung Electronics, T-Mobile, Malingaliro a kampani Sprint Corporation, ndi Wind River Systems. Miyezo ya Open Handset Alliance ithandiza opanga zida zam'manja kupanga bwino, zotsika mtengo, ndi zida zam'manja zogwira ntchito zambiri. Werengani kuti mudziwe za kuyesetsa kwawo kuti abweretse miyezo yotseguka ya foni yam'manja kwa ogula.

Ngakhale si aliyense wonyamula mafoni ndi membala, ambiri ali ndi gawo mu Open Handset Alliance ndi mfundo zake. Mwachitsanzo, Verizon Wireless si membala koma yanena kuti foni ya Android imatha kukwanira pa network yatsopano yopanda zingwe yamakampani ndipo ndiyoyenera kulandira chiphaso mwachangu.. Mu October, T-Mobile ndi HTC adalengeza za G1 – foni yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Google ya Android. Open Handset Alliance ndi bungwe lofunika kwambiri lamakampani lomwe limalimbikitsa opanga zida zam'manja kuti azigawana zambiri pakati pamakampani ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi.

Pambuyo poyambitsa Android, Google yatenga ulamuliro pa chitukuko cha Android. Kuyambira koyambirira 2010, Google idayang'anira chitukuko cha zida zake zapamwamba za Nexus. Mu August 2011, Google idagula Motorola ndikubweretsa zopangira zida m'nyumba. Izi zidathetsa Open Handset Alliance ngati bungwe loyima palokha. Komabe, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa bungwe ili. Choncho, zabwino ndi zoyipa zolowa nawo bungweli ndi zotani? Kuyang'ana mbiri ya bungwe ndi ziyembekezo zamtsogolo.

Open Handset Alliance ndi bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe latha 80 mamembala, kuphatikiza Google, HTC, Samsung, Qualcomm, ndi makampani ena ambiri otsogola pazida zam'manja. Mamembala ake akuphatikizapo opanga mafoni, opanga mafoni, makampani a semiconductor, ndi makampani opanga mapulogalamu. Mamembala onse amagawana kudzipereka pakukulitsa luso lazamalonda lachitukuko chotseguka. Motero, amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndikugawana zolemba kuti chitukuko cha pulogalamu chikhale chosavuta. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti Open Handset Alliance si mpikisano wa Android.

Monga m'modzi mwa mamembala oyambitsa Open Handset Alliance, Samsung idakumbatira Android kuyambira pachiyambi. Zinatha kukhala mwachangu kukhala mtundu wotsogola wa smartphone, ndipo wakhala ali ndi udindo umenewu kwa zaka zambiri. Samsung yapanga mndandanda wotchuka wa Galaxy S, bajeti ndi mafoni apakati, komanso ma foldable a Galaxy Z omwe amatsogola pamsika. Pomwe Samsung idasewera ndikusintha nsanja za smartphone, idakhalabe wosuta wokhazikika wa Android.