Android app programming – Maitiro ekugadzira iyo Android Chiitiko Lifecycle Callback uye SettingsFragment

Android app programming ibasa rakaoma asi rine mari iro rinokupa muganho pamusoro pevakwikwidzi vako.. Maitiro acho akavakirwa pamakore echiitiko mukuvandudza software uye akanyatso kurongedzerwa kune yako chigadzirwa zvinodiwa. Munyaya ino, isu tichatsanangura maitiro ekugadzira iyo Android Chiitiko Lifecycle Callback uye SettingsFragment. Isu tichavhara zvakare mashandisiro eJava semutauro wechirongwa che Android. Pakupedzisira, maitiro acho achakutora kubva pakutanga kusvika kune chigadzirwa chakapedzwa.

Java ndiyo mutauro wekugadzirisa wesarudzo yeAroid apps

Java ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa programming mitauro inoshandiswa pakuvandudza Android app. Kune mazana emaapps paPlay Store akanyorwa muJava. Mutauro wacho uri nyore kudzidza uye une hombe, nharaunda inotsigira. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vanogadzira vari kutsvaga mutauro unokurumidza uye wakavimbika wekugadzira nharembozha. Mamwe eanonyanya kufarirwa mapurogiramu akagadzirwa muJava anosanganisira Twitter uye Spotify.

Java inopa yakapfuma seti yeAPIs, senge XML parsing uye database yekubatanidza. Iyo zvakare ipuratifomu-yakazvimirira programming mutauro, zvichireva kuti vagadziri vanonyora Java kodhi vanogona kuimhanyisa paWindows, Linux, kana Mac OS. Mabhenefiti ekushandisa Java yekuvandudza nharembozha inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vanogadzira nhare.

Java ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mitauro yekugadzira mapurogiramu, kunyanya kune vanotanga. Mutauro unotsigirwawo ne Android Studio. Nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kwakapararira, Java ndiyo mutauro wekuronga wesarudzo yekugadzira maapplication eAroid. Zvisinei, pane zvakanakira kushandisa mimwe mitauro, saKotlin, ye Android app kuvandudza.

Java mutauro wakatarisana nechinhu wakagadzirwa neSun Microsystems mukati 1995. Iyo ine yakasimba memory manejimendi maficha uye inowirirana. Iyo zvakare inotsigira muunganidzi wemarara kubata ndangariro mukodhi, iyo inorerutsa zvikuru manejimendi endangariro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Java code inogona kuva yakareba uye yakaoma kupfuura Kotlin code.

Nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye yakasimba, Java isarudzo yakanakisa yekuvandudza app Android. Mutauro wacho uri nyore kudzidza uye unoshandisa maraibhurari akazaruka anoita kuti basa rive nyore. Java application inokwanisa kutsigira akawanda maitiro, izvo zvakakosha kumakambani ane zvinorema zvinodiwa. Vanogonawo kubata huwandu hukuru hwevashandisi.

Imwe nzira yekugadzira Android apps ndeye Corona. Corona iri nyore kudzidza kupfuura Java uye inoshandisa mutauro weLUA. Inopawo SDK inoita kuti kukodha kuve nyore. Hune zvikomborero zvakawanda, sekuenderana nemaraibhurari ese emuno. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kushambadza maapuro kune mamwe mapuratifomu. Corona inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mitambo. Kodhi inoiswa mune yemavara edhita uye inogona kumhanyirwa pane emulators pasina kurongedza.

Kugadzira Android app kunoda budirirosugebung

A developmentsumgebung ndiyo nharaunda inoita kuti iwe ugadzire maapplication emidziyo yeAroid. Inokubatsira kumisa app yako kuti ishande nemazvo pamidziyo yese yeAroid. Semuyenzaniso, iwe unozoda kugadzira chirongwa chinokutendera kuti ushande nezviwanikwa zvakasiyana pamidziyo yakasiyana. Iyo purojekiti inofanirwa zvakare kuve nyore kufamba uye inofanirwa kuve neyakachena uye yakarongeka nharaunda. Izvo zvakare zvinofanirwa kukubvumidza iwe kukudziridza yako application pasina matambudziko.

Iyo Android nharaunda inoda kuti vanogadzira vashandise XML mafaera kutsanangura UI tambo. Mafaira eXML anogona kutsanangura menyu, styles, mavara, uye animations. Aya mafaera anotsanangurawo marongerwo ebasa remushandisi. Nekushandisa mafaira eXML, unogona kukwidziridza app yako kuti imhanye pamidziyo yakasiyana uye kuratidza zvigadziriso. Iwe unogona zvakare kutsanangura mamwe mafaera ezvekushandisa mupurojekiti yako. Nenzira iyi, iwe uchava nekushanduka-shanduka mune ramangwana.

Kugadzira iyo Android Chiitiko cheHupenyu Kufona kumashure

Iyo lifecycle nzira yeAroid chiitiko inoshandiswa kuwana ruzivo nezve mamiriro echiitwa, semamiriro azvino. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nzira yehupenyu inokumbirwa chiitiko chisati chaparadzwa. Kuti uone kubuda kwenzira iyi, unogona kushandisa logcat. Inokuratidzai zvakabuda pane emulator, mudziyo, kana zvose. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona zvirimo mulogcat yeiyo onCresume, pa Pause, uye onStop nzira.

Kana chiitiko chinotangwazve, iyo sisitimu ichadaidza iyo onResume() callback. Iwe unofanirwa kutora mukana wechiitiko ichi kuchengetedza mamiriro mundangariro, kunyangwe kuita kwako kwakamiswa. Nenzira iyi, vashandisi vako vachawana mukana wekushanda kweapp yako apo chiitiko chakamiswa.

Iyo lifecycle callback nzira inogona zvakare kushandiswa kubata shanduko pakati penyika dzakasiyana dzechiitwa. Semuyenzaniso, inoridza vhidhiyo inoridza inogona kumbomira uye kutangazve vhidhiyo kana mushandisi achinja maapuro. Inogona zvakare kumisa network yayo yekubatanidza kana mushandisi achichinja maapplication. Uye, kana mushandisi adzoka, inogona kutangazve vhidhiyo kubva panzvimbo imwechete yayakasiya.

Kana chimwe chiitiko chagadzirwa, ichaenda kuburikidza neOnCreate() uye onDestroy() nzira. Idzi nzira dzinongodaidzwa kamwe chete panguva yehupenyu hwekuita. Zvisinei, kana mushandisi akavhara application basa risati rapera, iyo onSaveInstanceState() callback ichadaidzwa.

Kunze kwekugadzira chiitiko, iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa iyo onStart() nzira yekutangazve chiitiko. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa neiyo Android system mushure mekugadzira chiitiko. Uye, mushure mekunge chiitiko chamiswa, inogona kutangwazve nekufona restart. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira sisitimu kuchengetedza mamwe maitiro angangove ari kushanda gare gare, nokudaro kuvandudza kushanda kwese kwechikumbiro. Zvisinei, iwe unozoda kufunga zvishoma zvishoma usati washandisa nzira iyi.

Nhanho yekutanga mukugadzira iyo Android Chiitiko Lifecycle Callback ndeyekunzwisisa kuti ma callback anoshanda sei uye kana akumbirwa.. Yekutanga inonzi onCreate(). Apo iyi nzira inoshandiswa, basa rinogadzirwa uye rinogadzira maonero ese anodiwa, bindings, uye mazita. Mushure meOnCreate() callback, iyo OS ichaendesa kutonga kune onResume() kana onDestroy().

Kugadzira Android SettingsFragment

Paunenge uchigadzira Android application, unogona kushandisa PreferenceFragment kuita kuti peji rezvigadziriso ritaridzike rakanaka uye rakafanana. Izvi zvichaita shuwa kuti vashandisi vako vane inowirirana mushandisi ruzivo zvisinei kuti ndeapi marongero avari kutarisa. Kushandisa rudzi urwu rwechikamu, unofanira kuwedzera PreferenceActivity kirasi. Zvadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuita iyo onBuildHeaders() callback.

Iwe unogona zvakare kugadzira specialized Fragments. Izvi zvimedu zvivakwa zvakanyanya kuchinjika pane yako yakajairika chiitiko. Zvimedu zvacho zviri modular zvikamu zvechiitiko chako, uye vane lifecycle yavo. Vanogashirawo zviitiko zvavo zvekupinza. Uyezve, unogona kuwedzera zvidimbu kuapp yako ichiri kushanda.

Iyo PreferenceFragment chikamu chine hierarchy yezvavanoda zvinhu. Inoshandiswa mumapurogiramu eAroid uye inochengetedza zvigadziro zvekuda kuSharedPreferences. Haitsigire Material design theme, zvisinei. Zvinogoneka kuwedzera DialogPreference uye TwoStatePreference uchishandisa iyo API yekuseta.

Kana app yako ichiitirwa kuve yakasarudzika, unogona kushandisa PreferenceFragment. Kirasi iyi inokurudzirwa Android 3.0 uye pamusoro. Iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzirisa kutaridzika uye kunzwa kweapp yako. Iwe unogona kugadzira graphical mushandisi interface yechishandiso chako. Iyo marongerwo zvakare yakanyanya customizable.

A PreferenceFragment inzira iri nyore yekuchengetedza zvido zvevashandisi. Paunoshandura zvaunofarira muapp yako, Android inozochengeta otomatiki shanduko muSharedPreferences faira. Asi izvi zvinoreva kodhi yakawanda yekubata shanduko. Mapurogiramu mazhinji anoda kuteerera kune shanduko muSharedPreferences faira.