Android programming muJava neKotlin

Android programming muJava neKotlin

Kana iwe uri mutsva kune Android kuvandudza, zvimwe wakambonzwa nezveJava, Chinangwa-C, kana Swift. Kana iwe uchida kuve mugadziri we mobile app, unogona kufarira kudzidza nezve Android Programming Fundamentals. Iyo kosi zvakare ichakuzivisa iwe kuSwift. Iyo yakanangidzirwa kune vanogadzira Java, asi inobatsira kune vese vanogadzira. Chinangwa chekosi iyi kukupa iwe ruzivo rwekutanga rwemitauro iyi kuti zvive nyore kutanga kugadzira Android apps.

Java

Iyo Android programming mutauro isarudzo yakakurumbira kune vanogadzira software. Unogona kuwana akasiyana siyana emabhuku uye tutorials pa Android programmierung muJava. Zvisinei, kana iwe uri mutsva zvachose kuhurongwa hwe Android, zvinotora nhamburiko yakati kuti kunzwisisa pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana nemitauro. Munyaya ino, isu tichatsanangura izvo zvekutanga zveAndroid programmierung muJava uye dzakasiyana siyana nharaunda dzekusimudzira dzaungashandisa kugadzira maapuro ako.

Iyo Android-App inoumbwa neakasiyana zviitiko, iyo inogona kutariswa pane peji rekrini. Paunodzvanya pane chimwe chezviratidziro izvi, iwe uchaenda kune inotevera chiitiko. Basa guru rinoumbwa neJava makirasi, ayo ari madiki eChiitiko uye AppCompatActivity. Ndiyo nzvimbo yekupinda yeapp yako uye ine static nzira huru() uye onCreate(). Kushandisa makirasi aya, iwe unozogona kugadzira mushandisi interface inoshanda zvakanaka pane chero Android mudziyo.

Paunotanga kushandisa Android, unofanira kudzidza Java. Iwe unogona kuwana sumo yekutanga kuJava kuburikidza nebhuku rekutanga kana kuburikidza neyemahara app yekuvandudza kit. Java ndiyo yakakurumbira programming mutauro wekugadzira Android apps, asi ine misungo yakawanda. Dambudziko guru neJava nderekuti rinoda akasiyana zvachose programming style. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti Java isarudzo yakakurumbira, Python yanga ichiwana nzvimbo semutauro wekupinda-chikamu chevadzidzi.

Seimwe nzira yeJava, vazhinji vanogadzira vari kushandura kuKotlin. Kusiyana neJava, Kotlin ipuratifomu-agnostic uye inogona kudzidzwa nekukurumidza. Inopawo zvakanyanya kukanganisa-kuderedza, izvo zvinoita kuti Kotlin ive sarudzo yakanaka kune Android programmierung. Soren Rauchle anoshanda pa3pc GmbH New kutaurirana, uye ine hunyanzvi muAndroid programmierung muJava uye kushandiswa kweArtliche Intelligence mumafoni ekushandisa.

Kana iwe uchida maapplication ako kuti amhanye nekukasira, Java isarudzo iri nani pane Python. Python haina virtual muchina rutsigiro, asi Java ine yakakura optimization mabasa. Mitauro yese iri miviri inopa maraibhurari uye maAPIs ekushandisa Android programmers. Nepo mitauro miviri ine zvakanakira zvakasiyana, Python iri nani kune vanogadzira vanoda kushanda nenhaka system. Zvakare zvakareruka kutsika-kuchinja masisitimu. Pasinei nekusiyana, mitauro miviri ine zvakawanda zvinobatsira kune Android programmers.

Iye munyori anopawo sumo yakazara kune Android hurongwa muJava. Inotsanangura zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza app, kubva pakuchengetedza data kusvika kune kumashure maitiro. Iri bhuku rinoratidza vaverengi maitiro ekushandisa Android Studio zvinobudirira. Bhuku racho rinovharawo mashandisirwo eAndroid SDK, kuchengetedza data, uye Internet-Services. Gwaro rakanakisa revanoshuvira Java Developers, Android Kuronga muJava chinhu chakanakisa sosi. Ndichiri kudzidza mutauro, iwe uchawana kukoshesa kwakadzama kweiyo Android ecosystem.

Chinangwa-C

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira maapplication eAroid zvishandiso, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nezve Objective-C ye Android. Chinangwa-C chinotorwa kubva kuSmalltalk, mutauro wekugadzira software. Syntax yayo yakafanana neC, asi inoshandisa Smalltalk-style messaging. Paunoshandisa Objective-C kugadzira Android application, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuzivisa kushandiswa uye interface seyakaparadzana kodhi mabhuroko. Iwe unofanirwa kuisa iyo interface mune yemusoro faira uye kuitiswa mune kodhi faira. Ose maviri mafaera aya akafanana chaizvo neC kodhi mafaera, saka ungangoda kuverenga zvinyorwa pane zvese usati watanga.

Pane mashoma mabhenefiti ekushandisa Objective-C yeAroid programming. Kuenzaniswa neSwift, mutauro uyu uri nyore kudzidza, inopa kuita kwakanyanya, uye inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya pakuvaka mapuratifomu matsva. Inokurumidza zvakare kupfuura Objective-C, asi haina kukura. Zvisinei, ichiri kugamuchira zvigadziriso zvenguva yemberi uye inova nani nekufamba kwenguva. Pasinei nekukanganisa kwaSwift, vagadziri vanogona kubatsirwa nekuishandisa padivi peObjective-C.

Nepo mutauro weJava uri iwo unonyanya kufarirwa hurongwa hwemutauro we Android, pane zvinhu zvishoma zvekuchengeta mupfungwa kana uchishandisa Objective-C ye Android. Semuyenzaniso, iwe unokwanisa kuwana seti yakakura yemaraibhurari uye zvishandiso. Chinangwa-C zvakare inowanikwa nyore kupfuura Java, saka iwe unogona kunyora mapurogiramu ezvose zviri zviviri iOS uye Android. Kana iwe uchida kushandisa Java kuvandudza maapplication ako, iwe unozofanirwa kunzwisisa syntax yayo uye kushandisa IDE inogona kuimhanyisa pamidziyo yeIOS.

Kotlin mutauro wakavhurika wekusimudzira Android. Yakagadzirwa mukati 2011 uye yakaburitswa muprincil stable delivery in 2016. In 2017, Google yakazivisa Kotlin semutauro wayo wekuvandudza app. Asi chisarudzo hachisi chekupedzisira, sezvo Google iri muhondo yepamutemo neOracle pamusoro peJava APIs. Pasinei nezvakanakira zvakawanda, ichiri yakaderera kune Objective-C ye Android programmierung. Iine maitiro mashoma uye inononoka kupfuura Java.

Semutauro wakasarudzika weApple's iOS zvishandiso, Objective-C ine raibhurari hombe uye inozivikanwa kune wese iOS mugadziri. Objective-C mutauro wakavimbika, uye haufanirwe kugara uchivandudza, kusiyana nemimwe mimwe mitauro yemapurogiramu pamusika. Zvisinei, mutauro wacho haunyanyi kuchinjika, uye iwe unofanirwa kuchengeta izvi mupfungwa kana uchisarudza mutauro wakakodzera wekusimudzira nharembozha yako. Zvisinei, kana pfungwa yako yakaoma zvakakwana, unofanira kusarudza mumwe mutauro wepurojekiti.

Zvakare zvakareruka kwazvo kudzidza, uye hazvina kuoma kutanga. Iwe haufanirwe kuziva chero kodhi kuti utange, sezvaunowana zvidzidzo zvekusimudzira Android muObjective-C yeAroid. Unogona kudhawunirodha Chinangwa-C che Android kubva kuGoogle Play Store yepamutemo. Izvi zvichakubatsira iwe kudzidza mutauro uye kuita kuti application yako iwedzere kubereka. Iwe unogona kutanga kunyora ako pachako mapurogiramu nhasi!

Swift

Kana iwe uri mugadziri ari kushanda pane Android apps, iwe unogona kunge wakashamisika kana iwe uchifanira kudzidza kuronga muSwift kana Kotlin. Yose iri miviri mitauro yepurogiramu yakavhurika sosi uye iri kuramba ichizivikanwa, asi ndeipi yaunofanira kutanga kudzidza? Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezviri zviviri munyaya ino. Kana iwe uchitoziva Java, iwe unogona zvakare kuenda kuSwift. Asi kana iwe uri kutsvaga chimwe chinhu chitsva, funga kudzidza Kotlin kutanga.

Mutauro isarudzo huru yekuvaka nharembozha. Iyo yemahara uye yakavhurika sosi uye inoshanda pane ese Mac uye iOS zvishandiso. Iyo zvakare inobvumidza iwe kuti ubatsire kuSwift Quellcode uye kurodha mabhinari eLinux uye OS X. Kana iwe uchifarira kudzidza maitiro ekunyora muSwift, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mitauro yepurogiramu yakafanana. Swift yakanyanya kuoma kupfuura Chinangwa-C, asi hazvibviri kudzidza.

Ose ari maviri Swift neKotlin ndiwo mitauro inofananidzirwa yehurongwa, uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muIOS neAroid apps. Kotlin anga achitsiva Java semutauro unonyanya kufarirwa pakuvandudza Android app. Inonyatsoenderana neJava uye inogara ichigadzirwa. Asi misiyano pakati peKotlin naSwift haina kukura, uye iwe unofanirwa kuzvishandisa chete kana iwe uchitoziva Java. Iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza kudzidza Kotlin kana iwe uchitsvaga imwe nzira yeSwift kana Java.

Nepo iwe uchifanira kudzidza Swift kukodhi ye Android, zvingava nani kana iwe uchitoziva Java. Iyo yemuno programming nharaunda yeAndroid inoshandisa LLVM compilers, saka yako Swift kodhi ichadudzirwa senge chero imwe C/C ++ kodhi. Pamusoro peizvi, iwe zvakare unokwanisa kushandisa zvakare C/C ++ maturusi ekuvandudza, senge iyo yakaderera-level debugger uye profiling zvishandiso. Iwe unozoda kuziva kuti mitauro iyi chii nekuti iyo miviri yakanyorerwa chinangwa chimwe: kugadzira Android apps!

Vagadziri veAndroid vanogona kusarudza chero mutauro wechirongwa unoenderana nezvavanoda. Swift ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mitauro yeiOS, asi zvakare iine simba rakanyanya hurongwa hwemutauro we Android. Kusiyana kwemitauro yepurogiramu, pamwe chete nechikuva chavanomhanyira pachiri, zvakakosha. iOS app yekuvandudza inoshanda zvakanyanya kune ese ari maviri mapuratifomu, asi Swift kazhinji iri nyore kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu kuti vadzidze. Zvakanakira mitauro yese iri miviri zvakakoshera kudzidzira. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kusiyana kwemitauro miviri iyi, uye inopa pfungwa yakanaka yekuti ndeupi mutauro unonyatsoenderana nezvaunoda chaizvo.

iOS apps inoshanduka, uye inogona kugadzirwa kuti isangane nezvido zvako. Swift isarudzo yakanakisa yerudzi urwu rwekusimudzira. Vanyori vanokufambisa iwe mukati memaitiro ese nhanho nhanho, kupa mienzaniso inoshanda uye kudzivisa misungo munzira. Iwe unogona zvakare kutora mukana weiyo iOS's rezinesi mazwi uye nhungamiro, uye dzidza nezve zvinodikanwa zveApple yakasimba yekubvumidza maitiro. Kana ukasarudza nzira iyi, unenge uri munzira yekugadzira yakabudirira app.