Kusarudza Mutauro Wakakodzera Kugadzira Android App

Kugadzira Android app inzira yakanaka yekuita mari iwe uchidzidza ins uye kunze kwemutauro mutsva wechirongwa.. Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana emitauro aunogona kushandisa kugadzira maapplication emidziyo yeAroid, kusanganisira Java, Kotlin, Swift, Chinangwa-C, nezvimwe. Kusarudza mutauro wakakodzera kwakakosha mukuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka, saka zvakakosha kuita tsvakiridzo.

Java

Java ndeimwe yemitauro inonyanya kufarirwa inoshandiswa mukuvandudza app mobile. Kuenderana kwayo kwepasirese kunoreva kuti inogona kumhanya pane ingangoita yese mudziyo uye inoshanda sisitimu. Hunhu hwayo hwemahara hunoitawo kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vanogadzira vasina ruzivo. Iwo mutauro wakavhurika sosi uye unongoda mari shoma yekuvandudza mobile app. Vazhinji vanogadzira vanosarudza iyi yemahara sarudzo yekugadzira mapurogiramu emapuratifomu akasiyana.

Mutauro weJava programming mutauro une simba wakawanda-chinangwa. Yakagadzirwa mukati 1995 neSun Microsystems uye ikozvino ndeyaOracle. Iyo inotsigira primitive data marudzi uye chinhu-yakatarisana hurongwa. Kunyangwe syntax yayo yakafanana neC / C ++, Java ine yakanyanya nhanho yekubvisa. Uyezve, Java code inogara yakanyorwa nenzira yemakirasi uye zvinhu. Iyo Java programming mutauro chikamu chakakosha chekuvandudza Android app. Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa maJava akajairwa maraibhurari kugadzira anochinjika uye akavimbika maapplication.

Imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekudzidza Java ye Android app kusimudzira ndeyekushamwaridzana nevamwe vanogadzira. Kujoinha nharaunda yekuvandudza zvinokutendera iwe kugovera data uye ruzivo nevamwe vanogadzira. Nenzira iyi, unenge uine network yevanhu yekutendeukira kwairi kana iwe wakanamatira pane imwe chirongwa. Ivo vanozokwanisa kukubatsira nematambudziko uye kukubatsira iwe kuvandudza yako Java app yekuvandudza hunyanzvi.

Kotlin

Kotlin yeAroid app kuvandudza mutauro unogona kukubatsira kuvaka Android apps. Nebhuku iri, iwe uchadzidza izvo zvekutanga zveKotlin. Iyo ine yakakura seti yekodhi rondedzero uye inokufambisa iwe kuburikidza nekuvaka maviri Android apps. Bhuku rakanyorwa naPeter Sommerhoff uye richabatsira kana uri mutsva kuKotlin kana uri wekutanga..

Kotlin mutauro wepurogiramu wakafanana neJava, asi ine maitiro ayo akasiyana. Semagumo, inogona kupa budiriro yakakura kune vanogadzira. Mutauro wacho uri nyore kudzidza uye unoverengwa, zvinoreva kushoma boilerplate kodhi. Izvi zvichaita kuti iwedzere nguva yekusimudzira uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa.

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira Android apps nekukurumidza, Kotlin isarudzo yakanaka. Mapakeji akati wandei anototsigira Kotlin. Kana iwe uchitoziva Java, iwe unogona nyore kubatanidza Kotlin muIDE yako.

Chinangwa-C

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira mapurogiramu ese ari maviri iOS uye Android, unogona kushandisa Objective-C. Uyu ndiwo mutauro wekutanga wekugadzira weMac OS X, asi inobatsirawo pakugadzira mitambo uye mamwe maapplication emamwe mapuratifomu. Iyo superset yeC uye inosanganisira akawanda maficha, sekugona kwakanangana nechinhu uye ine simba yekumhanyisa nguva. Chinangwa-C chinotora nhaka yemhando dzekutanga dzemutauro weC, asi inowedzera syntax yetsanangudzo dzekirasi uye chinhu chegirafu manejimendi. Inopa zvakare inochinja kutaipa uye inomisa mabasa mazhinji kune iyo nguva yekumhanya.

Objective-C ine simba uye yakakurumbira hurongwa mutauro. Iine yepamusoro-soro yekushanda uye iri nyore kudzidza. Zvisinei, haisi nyore kushandisa seSwift. Apple ichangobva kuunza Swift semutsivi weObjective-C, inova muchinjika-papuratifomu coding mutauro weIOS uye Android. Iyo ine akawanda maficha anoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira maapplication ane intuitive interfaces.

Objective-C mutauro unonyanya kufarirwa wekugadzira nharembozha uye webhu. Inopa zvikomborero zvakawanda, kusanganisira pfupi uye yakajeka kodhi syntax. Iyo zvakare inounganidza kuJavaScript uye yekuzvarwa kodhi, uye inoenderana neJava. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira kune Android app Developers. Pamusoro pe, inogona kuve yakachinjika-yakaunganidzwa kuti ishandiswe pane mamwe mapuratifomu, zvichiita kuti ive mutauro wepurogiramu yakasiyana-siyana.

Swift

Kushandisa Swift kugadzira yako Android app kunogona kubatsira kukurumidza uye kuita kweapp yako. Swift mutauro une simba wekuronga wakagadzirwa neApple. Inovavarira kupa vanogadzira kuchinjika mukuita mazano avo ekugadzira. Inotsigira ese maturusi eApple uye inokurumidza kupfuura Objective-C. Kukurumbira kwayo kuri kuwedzera, uye vamwe vanogadzira vari kubatanidza Swift kodhi mumapurogiramu avo. Uyezve, Swift apps zvakachengeteka kumhanya pane izvo zvakanyorwa muObjective-C.

Nhanho yekutanga mukudzidza kugadzira Android app kudzidza mutauro wechirongwa. Mitauro inoshandiswa mukuvaka app inosanganisira Java, Chinangwa-C, uye Swift. Kana iwe uine imwe programming ruzivo, unogona kusarudza chero yeiyi mitauro uye woishandisa kugadzira yakajairika app. Iwe unogona zvakare kuedza mahybride apps neHTML5 kana JavaScript.

Swift zvakare inoratidzira C ++ API kuenderana, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kana iwe uchida kuvaka muchinjiko-chikuva app. Uyezve, Swift zvakare inotsigira Android Autolayout, izvo zvinoita kuti kugadzira UI kuve nyore. Pamusoro peizvi, inopawo sarudzo dzekushandisa yechitatu-bato masisitimu. Nezvinhu zvose izvi, Swift inogona kuve chishandiso chikuru chekusimudzira Android app.

OpenGL

Kana iwe uri kuronga kugadzira Android app, saka iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kushandisa OpenGL. Mutauro wechirongwa uyu unobvumidza iwe kugadzira mitambo uye 3D mifananidzo. Inotsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasikirwo emasikirwo. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa OpenGL kugadzira maonero ekhamera uye kushandisa fungidziro. Kana usina chokwadi mashandisiro eOpenGL, unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvazvo mugwaro remugadziri.

OpenGL inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune akasiyana siyana emapuratifomu ehardware, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogadzira kugadzira mapuratifomu-akazvimirira maapplication. Pamusoro pe, OpenGL haina kukanganiswa nekumisikidza kwehardware. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kugadzira maapplication anoshanda zvisina musono pamapuratifomu akasiyana, kusanganisira Android. Uku ndiko kuwedzera kukuru kune vanogadzira Android. Pamusoro pe, OpenGL inotsigirwa neakawanda nharembozha. Kushandisa tekinoroji iyi kunoita kuti maapplication ako ave nyore kuchinjika.

OpenGL inoshandisa marudzi maviri emashadhi, inonzi vertex shaders uye fragment shaders. Iyo vertex shader inobata geometry data nenzira ine rasterized, nepo fragment shader inobata manyorerwo uye ruzivo rwemavara. Aya marudzi maviri emashadhi anobva ashanda pamwechete kupa 3D hunhu pachiratidziri.

Nzvimbo-based service APIs

Iyo Android nzvimbo-based service APIs inopa nzira iri nyore yekuvaka nzvimbo-inoziva maapplication. Kushandisa masevhisi aya, unogona kuwedzera maficha akadai segeofencing uye kuzivikanwa kwechiitiko kuapp yako. Iyo Nzvimbo APIs inodzosa akati wandei ma paramita, sechinhambwe, kururama, uye speed, kuapp yako.

Iyo nzvimbo-yakavakirwa app inogona kupa akawanda mabhenefiti, kubva pakuona kushanya uye Augmented Reality maturusi kuteedzera zvido zvemushandisi. Aya maapplication anopawo varidzi vebhizinesi data nezvevatengi vavo’ maitiro, izvo zvinogona kuvabatsira kukudziridza nzira yavo yekushambadzira. Pamusoro pe, maapplication aya anogona kupa mepu yekubatanidza uye GPS coordinates.

Nzvimbo-yakavakirwa sevhisi APIs yevagadziri veApp Android inopa sarudzo mbiri kune vanogadzira: nzira yemanyorero yekuisa data yenzvimbo mukushandisa, kana sevhisi inongowana vashandisi nekushandisa ruzivo rweGPS. Pane mutsetse wakanaka pakati pekushandisa nzira mbiri idzi, saka vanogadzira vanofanira kusarudza sarudzo inonyatsoita zvavanoda.

Dagger

Iwe unogona kugadzira akawanda maficha neDagger Android app yekuvandudza chimiro. Zvadaro, uchafanira kuatsanangura nenzira yakakodzera. Semuyenzaniso, iwe unogona kugadzira LoginViewModel uye LoginActivity. Zvose zvikamu zvichave nekushanda kwakafanana, asi zvinoda makirasi akasiyana epasi. Iwe unogona kushandisa iyi pateni kuita kuti application yako iwedzere scalable uye inoshanda. Zvisinei, unofanira kuziva zvimwe ganhuriro.

Imwe yezvakaipira kushandisa scope annotations ndeyekuti ivo vanogona kuunza ndangariro kuvuza.. Sezvo chikamu che scoped chinofanirwa kunge chiri mundangariro kana chaiswa muchiitiko, icharamba iripo kusvikira chikumbiro chaparadzwa. Pane rimwe divi, chiitiko chakasarudzika cheMushandisiRepository chicharamba chiri mundangariro kudzamara application yaparadzwa. Kuitira kudzivirira matambudziko akadai, unogona kuzivisa majekiseni akawanda() nzira muchikamu chako. Nzira idzi dzinogona kunzi chero chinhu asi dzinofanirwa kugamuchira chinhu chaunoda kubaya.

Dagger zvakare inovimbisa jekiseni rakakodzera reminda uchishandisa @Inject. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti chimiro chinogona kusaona kutsamira kwako kana rikasavawana munzvimbo chaidzo. Semuyenzaniso, kana chikamu chine maitiro akawanda ekirasi, Dagger inokanda kukanganisa-nguva yekukanganisa kana ikatadza kuvawana.

ReactiveX/RxAndroid

Vagadziri veAndroid vanogona kushandisa ReactiveX kuita kuti maapplication avo ashande. Iyi mhando yehurongwa inobvumira vanogadzira kubata network mashandiro pane yekumashure shinda pachinzvimbo cheUI shinda. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kutsanangura tambo yekushandisa kune yekumashure basa uye yakaparadzana yevashandisi interface inogadziridza. Kuita izvi, tinoda kugadzira chinhu chinocherechedzwa chetsika tichishandisa gadzira opareta. Chinhu ichi chinofanira kushandisa Observable.OnSubscribe interface uye kutonga onNext, oneError, uye onCompleted nzira.

ReactiveX mutauro wechirongwa unoshandisa vanocherekedza uye zvinoonekwa kugadzira chinhu chinoburitsa uye chinodya data.. Zvinocherechedzwa zvinhu zviri nyore zvinomiririra data rakasiyana. Ndivo zviitiko zveObservable kirasi uye vane nhamba huru ye static nzira. Imwe yedzakareruka nzira dzekugadzira zvinoonekwa ndeye mushandisi akarurama, izvo zvichaita kuti zvive nyore zvinoonekwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwedzera mucherechedzi kwairi kuita kuti chinhu chibudise data. Izvi zvichaita kuti Mhoro meseji ioneke muhwindo re Android Studio logcat.

ReactiveX vanoshanda vanogonawo kugadzira, shandura, uye kuita maoparesheni pane zvinoonekwa. Semuyenzaniso, mushandisi kubva anogona kugadzira zvinoonekwa kubva pane rondedzero kana hurongwa hweInteger zvinhu.