Mapuratifomu akasiyana eAroid Development

Pane akati wandei misiyano pakati iOS uye Android budiriro. Pa iOS, mapurogiramu anogadzirwa neXcode, mutauro wekuronga wakagadzirirwa Swift uye Chinangwa-C. Android, pane rimwe divi, inokupa rusununguko rwakawanda. Kune akati wandei mavhezheni e Android, uye iwe unofanirwa kushandisa software yakakodzera kuvaka maapplication ako.

Chinhu Pascal

Kana iwe uchitsvaga mutauro weOOPS kugadzira Android maapuro, ungangoda kuedza Object Pascal. Iyo yekuwedzera yePascal programming mutauro unotsigira hurongwa-hwakatarisana nechinhu uye unounganidza mune yekuzvarwa kodhi.. Object Pascal isarudzo yakanakisa yevagadziri nekuti inochinjika uye iri nyore kudzidza. Iwe unogona kuwana akawanda akasiyana mavhezheni eObject Pascal emapuratifomu akasiyana. Object Pascal yakavhurika-sosi uye isarudzo huru kune vanotanga.

Object Pascal ine yakasimba mhando system uye akawanda concurrency maficha, kusanganisira mabasa, ramangwana, uye shinda dzekumashure. Mutauro uyu wakakurawo zvakanyanya. Yakagadzirirwa chirongwa chinonzi MacApp, yaive komputa yaigona kutsigira maapplication akati wandei. Zvimiro zvayo zvinobvumirawo polymorphism, kuramba nhaka, kuvharwa, uye kutsamira jekiseni. Iyo zvakare inotsigira zvakasimba-taipa data zvimiro uye inosanganisira akati wandei mamwe mitauro-senge maficha.

Object Pascal mutauro une simba uye unoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Hautariswe semutauro wechinyakare uye unoshanda zvakanaka nenzvimbo zhinji dzemazuva ano dzebudiriro. Saizvozvo, inotoshandiswa mumaIDE akadai saRazaro neCastle Game Engine11. Mamiriro ese ari maviri aya anowirirana ne Android uye iOS. Kana iwe uchida kuyedza Object Pascal yekuvandudza Android, unogona kudhawunirodha yemahara vhezheni yemutauro kana kuedza imwe yeakawanda anotengeswa-anowanikwa Object Pascal compilers..

Object Pascal inotsigirawo kusarudzika. Iwe unogona kushandisa yakavakirwa-mukati kunze kana kutsanangura yako. Unogonawo kushandisa vabatsiri vekirasi (zvakafanana nehunhu muSmalltalk uye Extension Methods muC #.), izvo zvinokuita kuti uwedzere nzira kumakirasi aripo. Uyezve, inotsigira Generics, izvo zvinokutendera kuti utsanangure makirasi anoshanda kune zvakasiyana siyana zvezvinhu.

Java

Kugadzira Android kuri nyore kwazvo neJava. Mutauro wacho uri nyore kudzidza uye wakagadzirwa uchifunga nezvevagadziri vatsva. Kushandisa Java yekusimudzira Android zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kugadzira maapplication nekukurumidza uye kushandisa mari shoma pane zvekudzidzisa zviwanikwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kushanda nevagadziri vane ruzivo uye kuvimba nehunyanzvi hwavo.

Yekuvandudza Android, Java ndiyo inofarirwa kushandisa mutauro. Unogona kuwana chidzidzo nezve Java pano: Java Programming Basics. Ichakudzidzisa izvo zvekutanga zvemutauro uye kukuratidza maitiro ekugadzira Android app. Kushandisa chidzidzo ichi, unogona kuvaka yako yekutanga Android app pasina nguva! Kune akawanda mamwe matutorials aripo online anozokubatsira kuti utange.

Mukuvandudza Android, zviitwa ndiwo moyo wechishandiso. Chiitiko chega chega ipeji reskrini raunofamba naro nekudzvanya pairi. MuJava, iwe uchagadzira kirasi inonzi MainActivity, inova chikamu cheiyo Android kirasi Chiitiko. Iyo ichave iyo huru yekupinda poindi yeapp yako uye ine nzira dzakadai seiyi huru() uye onCreate().

Java ndiyo imwe yemitauro iri nyore yekuronga kudzidza. Mutauro uyu wakatanga kuvandudzwa naJames Gosling weSun Microsystems, iyo yakazotengwa naOracle. Iye zvino yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Uyu mutauro wakanaka pakugadzira nharembozha. Kana iwe uri mugadziri wewebhu anoda kudzidza Android kusimudzira, Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kushandisa Ionic. Maraibhurari ayo uye zvishandiso zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzira iri nyore, interactive app.

Yekuvandudza Android muJava, unogona kushandisa Eclipse. Iyi yakavhurika sosi IDE ine akawanda anobatsira maficha, kusanganisira debugging. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa Kotlin. Kotlin inounganidza kune bytecode sezvinoita Java.

Kotlin

Google ichangobva kuzivisa kuti ichachinja Android kuvandudza kuKotlin. Mutauro mutsva wekuronga mutauro wakadhindwa unomhanya paJava virtual muchina. Google iri kukurudzira vanogadzira kuti vashandise Kotlin yekuvandudza app Android uye yakagadzirisa Android Studio kuti ibvumidze vanogadzira kuti vaishandise..

Kotlin mutauro une simba unobvumira vanogadzira kuita maapplication nekukurumidza. Inogona kushandiswa kune akasiyana mabasa uye inounganidza kuJava bytecode. Iyo ine intuitive syntax inoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogadzira kunyora kodhi uye kuichengeta zviri nyore. Semagumo, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kweAroid applications.

Nepo Kotlin isina simba seJava, pane zvimwe zvakanakira kuishandisa kune Android app kuvandudza. Zviri nyore kunzwisisa uye inopa mamwe magwaro, izvo zvinobatsira kana iwe uchida kuita shanduko nekukurumidza. Imwe mukana weKotlin ndeyekuenderana kwayo kwakanyanya. Kusiyana neJava, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira cross-platform apps.

Java inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune desktop application, asi Kotlin iri kuramba ichizivikanwa nevagadziri vanoshanda paAroid apps. Semagumo, akawanda Android-Entwicklungsteams anoumbwa nevagadziri vatsva vanogona kunge vasina ruzivo rweJava.. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogona kupedzisa mapurojekiti zviri nyore pasina kushandisa huwandu hwakawanda hwezviwanikwa pakudzidziswa. Pamusoro pe, vanogona kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwevagadziri vane ruzivo sezvinodiwa.

Kotlin mutauro wakanyorwa-statically unopa yakanakisa kutaipa kuchengetedzeka. Inodzivirira kutaipa kusingadiwe nekushandisa Type Inference kuona zvinosiyana. Inotsigirawo mabasa akadai akaenzana(), hashCode(), uye toString(), uye inobvumira vanogadzira kuzerate Data Makirasi.

Gradle

Vagadziri veAndroid vanoda kugadzira nharembozha vanofanirwa kudzidza nezve Gradle yekusimudzira Android. Iyi software inopa ine simba CI/CD mashandiro ayo anobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira uye kuita maapplication avo nechivimbo. Inopa zvakare edhita iri nyore kushandisa yekunyora kodhi in.xml uye.java mafaera.

Iyi software inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire maAroid application nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira java uye xml mafaira. Zvimiro zvayo zvine simba zvinokutendera kuti ugadzire zvikumbiro zvakaoma zviri nyore. Iyo zvakare inokubatsira iwe kugadzira inopindirana yekuvaka maitiro. Nekutevera seti yematanho anogona kushandiswazve, iwe unogona kugadzira imwe yakavimbika uye inochengeteka application.

Gradle chishandiso chakakurumbira chekuvaka chinorerutsa maitiro ekuvandudza Android nekuita otomatiki maitiro ekuvaka, kukuchengetedza nguva yakawanda nemari. Inotsigira mazana ekuwedzera kweAroid uye inoshanda neJava Development Kit. Iyo yemahara uye yakavhurika sosi, uye inokwikwidza nemamwe akafanana ekuvaka masisitimu akadai seApache Ant uye Maven. Iyo ine rezinesi pasi peApache 2.0 rezinesi.

Gradle inotsigira iyo Maven repository, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutsikisa nekugadzirisa zvinotsamira pachirongwa. Uyezve, inokubvumira iwe kugadzira akawanda-purojekiti kuvaka, ine midzi purojekiti uye chero nhamba yemasubprojects. Gradle inotsigirawo zvishoma zvivakwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana chirongwa chichida kuvakwa patsva, Gradle ichavakazve purojekiti isati yaedza kuvaka mamwe mapurojekiti.

Open-Source

Iyo Android Open Source Project ipuratifomu yekubatana yekugadzira software yemidziyo yeAroid. Iyo yakavhurika-source, zvinoreva kuti kodhi inogona kushandiswa nechero mugadziri wemudziyo. Vazhinji vasiri ve-iPhone smartphone vanogadzira vanoshandisa Android kodhi mune zvigadzirwa zvavo, kusanganisira LG, Motorola, Samsung, uye HTC. Vamwe vagadziri vanosanganisira OnePlus, Xiaomi, uye Rukudzo. Zvishandiso zveAndroid zvinowanzo kugoverwa uchishandisa APK fomati.

Android ndeye yakavhurika sosi nhare yekushandisa system yakagadzirwa neGoogle. Iyo yakavhurika-sosi purojekiti inopa kodhi kodhi uye rumwe ruzivo rwekugadzira tsika shanduro dzepuratifomu, pamwe chete nemidziyo yekuisa pachikuva. Chinangwa chepurojekiti ndechekugadzira hutano hwakanaka hwemamirioni evashandisi veAndroid vanoshandisa chikuva.

Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti Android budiriro inyanzvi iri nyore kudzidza. Chikuva chiri nyore, uye iwe unogona kuwana zvakawanda zviwanikwa online. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kudzikisira tarisiro yako yebasa semugadziri weAndroid. Kuwanikwa kwechiitiko chimwe chinhu chinogona kuderedza mikana yako yebasa, asi kazhinji kutaura, unozogona kuwana basa semugadziri weAndroid pasina ruzivo.

Iyo yakavhurika-sosi chimiro chekusimudzira Android chinoita kuti zvive nyore kune chero munhu ane zano kugadzira yavo yega Android app. Android ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mapuratifomu ekuvandudza app. Zvakare zvakareruka kushandisa uye kuchinjika. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yebasa kune avo vane ruzivo rushoma rwetekinoroji. Iyo puratifomu ndeye yakavhurika-sosi software, izvo zvinokutendera kuti ugadzirise marongero uye nekuwedzera maficha akakodzera zvinoenderana nevateereri vako.