Maitiro ekugadzira Android App

Kana iwe uchinetseka kuti ungagadzira sei Android app, ramba uchiverenga. Iwe unozodzidza izvo zvekutanga zveZvirongwa, Chiitiko Lifecycle Callbacks, Zvido-Zvinhu, uye Java Code. Zvadaro, iwe unozodzidza kugadzira yakagadziridzwa app inosangana nezvido zvako. Iyo Android-Betriebssystem ingangove yakakurumbira nevatengi vako uye inogona kuwedzera mari yako. Chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti zviri nyore kuzviita iwe pachako.

Zvinangwa

Vagadziri veApp Android vanogona kurongedza zvavanoda kuti vawanike kune vashandisi. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo Android OS kuziva kuti ndeapi maapplication akaiswa pane mudziyo, uye kutumira zvikumbiro kuapp iyo inonyanya kukodzera. Semuyenzaniso, chinangwa chinogona kutumirwa kuGoogle Mepu kana mushandisi achitsvaga imwe nzvimbo, kana chinongedzo chekubhadhara kune SMS. Munzvimbo ye Android, zvinangwa zvinoshandiswa kufamba kubva kune imwe application kuenda kune imwe, uye iwe unogona zvakare kuzvishandisa kufamba mukati mekushandisa.

Zvinangwa ndidzo hwaro hwekutaurirana kwe Android. Zvinangwa zvinogona kushandiswa kudzosera kune imwe application, kuvhura marongero, kana kutumira SMS. Muenzaniso wechinangwa inzira inonzi setData. Iyo setDataAndType() nzira inobvumidza iwe kutsanangura iyo data URI. Zita rawo riri pachena, asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti inogonawo kuseta ese URI neMIME mhando. Ichi chishandiso chinobatsira kwazvo kugadzira Android app.

Zvinangwa chishandiso chikuru chekubatana nemamwe maapplication. Nokushandisa masevhisi aya, app yako inogona kuvhura zviitiko zvitsva kana kuwana zviripo kuti zvitore matanho. Inogona zvakare kuendesa mameseji nemirairo kune vanogamuchira nhepfenyuro. Kana app yako ine API yekufumura data, unogona kutora mukana weizvi. Kana app yako isati yavepo, unogona kushandisa zvakadzika zvinongedzo uye tsika URL zvirongwa kuti uzvitange. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ukwidze app yako uye ishande pasina nguva.

Zvinangwa zvinogona kunge zviri pachena kana manyepo. Yekutanga inotsanangura chiitiko kana chikamu chinofanira kutangwa uye kupera. Mukupesana ne, iyo yekupedzisira inozivisa chiito mune zvese, uye iyo Android system inoenderana nechiito ichocho kune chaiyo chikamu. Kana iwe uchida kushandisa app kutora mufananidzo, unogona kuseta chinangwa chekudaro. Uye, kana uri kuyedza kutanga app nyowani, unogona kugadzira chinangwa chakajeka nechinangwa chekutora mufananidzo.

Chiitiko Lifecycle Callbacks

Kana iwe uri kugadzira Android app, iwe unozofanirwa kuziva mashandisiro eChiitiko Lifecycle Callbacks. Idzi inhevedzano yenzira dzinodaidzwa kuti kana chiitiko chinotanga, kumira, uye inotangazve. Idzi nzira dzinoshandiswa kuchengetedza data rekushandisa uye kuita data risina kuchengetwa kana chiitiko chakavanzika kana kutangwazve. Ivo vanogona zvakare kudaidzwa kuti vasunungure kubva kune sisitimu masevhisi akadai seBluetooth uye Wi-Fi.

Paunenge uchigadzira Android app, iwe unozofanirwa kudzidza kushandisa Chiitiko Lifecycle Callbacks kudzivirira dambudziko rakawanda mune ramangwana. Paunenge uchigadzira yako app, iwe unozofanirwa kuziva kana zviitiko izvi zvichiitika uye kuti ungaita sei kwazviri. Unogona kushandisa onStart() nzira yekuwana chiziviso kana chiitiko chatanga kuita. OnStart() inodanwa mushure meiyo onCreate() nzira yakavharwa. Iyi nzira inobvumira chiitiko chako kupinda munzvimbo yekutanga uye kugadzirira kusangana kwevashandisi.

The onStart() nzira inodaidzwa basa risati raparadzwa. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kana basa richitanga, asi inogonawo kunzi kana chiitiko chacho chapera. Kana basa risati rapera, iyo system inogona kuidzima kwenguva pfupi kuti isunungure nzvimbo. Iyo isFinishing() nzira inogona kukubatsira kusiyanisa pakati pezviitiko zviviri izvi. OnStart() uye onStop() nzira inzira dzinonyanyo shandiswa pakuona hupenyu hwechiitwa.

OnDestroy() ndiyo yekupedzisira kufona kumashure kwehupenyu hwechiitwa. Ukafona basa risati rapera, iyo system ichagadzira imwe itsva. Iyi callback inofanirwa kuburitsa chero zviwanikwa zvisina kuburitswa nemacallbacks apfuura. A lifecycle callback inogona zvakare kukubatsira kudzora mashandisiro ekushandisa kwako. Zvisinei, zvakanakisa kushandisa idzi nhare chete kana uine chokwadi chekuti dzichadikanwa.

Zvido-Zvinhu

Paunenge uchigadzira Android app, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive mashandisiro ePreference-Elements. Kana iwe usingazivi maitiro ekuita izvi, iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo kubva kugwaro iri. Inotsanangura nzira yekushandisa Preference-Elements nenzira yakakosha. Preference-Elements inzira yekuronga marongero mumapoka. Iwo anoshandiswa kuratidza marongero pane akasiyana masikirini.

Kuti uise zvaunofarira, unofanira kugadzira subclass yePreference.BaseSavedState uye woipfuudza kukosha kwe boolean, izvo zvinoratidza kana kukosha kwakachengetwa kare. Zvadaro, unogona kushandisa kukosha kwakaramba uye kugadzirisa UI. Neimwe nzira, unogona kushandisa iyo default kukosha. Kana wangoisa zvaunofarira, unogona kushandisa izvi Preference-Elements.

Sarudzo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chivharo chekuvaka mune Android app. Inomiririra imwe gadziriro ine kiyi-value pair. Semuyenzaniso, runyorwa rwemabhokisi ekutarisa muchikamu cheSettings cheapp chine bhokisi rimwe chete rekutarisa uye EditTextPreference inoratidza rondedzero yemabhokisi ekutarisa.. Saizvozvowo, an EditTextPreference inogona kushandiswa kuchengeta kukosha kwemavara mamwe chete.

Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa Preference-Elements API kuvaka mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika mushandisi-interface yeako Android app. Unogona kushandisa Preference-Elements kuwedzera zvigadziriso zvitsva uye kugadzirisa zviripo. Zvido-Zvinhu zvinokutendera kuti ugadzire UI yeako Android app inoenderana nezvinodiwa mune mamwe maapplication eAroid.. Iwe unogona kugadzira mushandisi interface uchishandisa akasiyana siyana akasiyana ekirasi Yekuda uye woazivisa mufaira rako reXML.

Kuwedzera node kune yekuda hierarchy zviri nyore uye zviri nyore. Preference-Elements iAPI inobatsira vanogadzira kuvandudza maapplication eAroid ari nyore kuchengetedza. Ne API iyi, unogona kugadzira Android app iyo izere nezvimiro. Chinokosha ndechekuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unonzwisisa kuti Preference-Elements inoshanda sei uye kuti ingashandise sei mune yako app. Izvi zvichakubatsira kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika mune ramangwana.

Java Code

Kana iwe uri Android developer, iwe unogona kunge uchiziva kukosha kwekushandisa Java Code kune yako mobile application. Mutauro wacho unosiyana-siyana uye unogona kushandiswa pamapuratifomu akawanda akasiyana, kusanganisira Android uye iOS. Iyo zvakare inopindirana-inosanganiswa uye inogona kudzidzwa zviri nyore. Unofanira kuziva izvi, nekuti Java ndeimwe yemitauro inonyanya kufarirwa yekuvandudza app Android. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti sei uchifanira kushandisa Java Code kune yako Android app kuvandudza.

Chekutanga, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza iyo yekutanga syntax yeJava. Iwe unogona kudzidza kugadzira singleton kirasi, makirasi enumeration, uye interface mhando neJava uchishandisa chishandiso chinonzi Android Studio. Ipfungwa yakanaka kuve nechokwadi chekuti zita rekirasi kana mhando inofambirana nemitemo yemutauro yekupa mazita.. Nenzira iyi, unogona kukurumidza kuvaka nharembozha zviri nyore.

Chepiri, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mavakirwo emidziyo yeAroid. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti Android imusika wakakamukana une akawanda akasiyana maturusi anoshanda akasiyana masisitimu anoshanda. Kutsigira michina yakawanda kunoreva kuchengetedza kwakawanda, kuedza, uye mari. Pamusoro pe, app yako inoda kutsigira akatevedzana akasiyana masensa uye UI zvivakwa. Uye, iwe haudi kugadzira multi-platform application kana iwe usina ruzivo rwekushandisa ese akasiyana mapuratifomu.

Kunyange Java ichizivikanwa nekodhi yayo pfupi, haitsigire coroutines. Kana ukashandisa Kotlin, unozogona kuwedzera makirasi aripo uye kuwedzera prefixes kuzita ravo. Nepo Java isingatsigire mabasa ekuwedzera, unogona kugara nhaka kirasi yevabereki mabasa. Kotlin ndiwo mutauro wepamutemo wekuvandudza app Android. Mukuwedzera kune Java, iwe uchaonawo kuti Kotlin inotsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasvomhu mabasa. Nokudzidza Kotlin, iwe unozogona kugadzira Android zvikumbiro zvinokurumidza uye zvisina bug.

Xamarin

Xamarin is a cross-platform development framework yekuvaka nharembozha. Iyi sisitimu inobvumidza iwe kushandisa yakajairwa hurongwa mutauro uye yakagovaniswa kirasi raibhurari pamapuratifomu ese. Izvi zvinobatsira kana iwe uchida kuita shanduko kuapp yako, kana kana uine shanduro dzakasiyana dzeapp imwe chete pamidziyo yakasiyana. Kana uri kushandisa Xamarin pane iOS, unogona kushandisa iOS SDK pamwe neXamarin mafomu kugadzira UI inowirirana pamapuratifomu.

Xamarin apps share 75% yekodhi uye kupa mukana wakazara wekuita kwavo. Ivo zvakare vanoshandisa chikuva-chaiyo hardware kukwidziridza uye vane yemuno mushandisi interface. Xamarin isarudzo yakanaka yekuvandudza app Android kana iwe uchitsvaga mhinduro yemuchinjiko. Zviri nyore kudzidza, uye zvakare yakanakira vanogadzira vane ruzivo rwakakura neC #. Iyo isarudzo yakanaka kune vanotanga kutsvaga kuti vatange ne-cross-platform app development.

Xamarin mapurogiramu anowanikwa kumidziyo yeAroid. Semagumo, vane UI yemhando yepamusoro uye ruzivo rwemushandisi. Zvisinei, iyo yakaderera yepuratifomu iyi ndiyo yakakura tsoka yavo, izvo zvinogona kuderedza nguva yekurodha. Semagumo, vagadziri vanogona kudzikisa saizi yeapp yavo kuti irambe yakapfava. Iyi inogona kunge isiri sarudzo yakanyanya kunaka kune vazhinji vashandisi. Zvakare, nharaunda yeXamarin ichiri nyowani uye inoda kukura. Zvichiri kunetsa kuwana rubatsiro, saka iwe unofanirwa kuve nemoyo murefu nechishandiso ichi.

Iyo Xamarin SDK yakagadziridzwa kune vanogadzira neMicrosoft. Iyo yakavhurika sosi pasi peMIT rezinesi uye inowanikwa sechikamu cheVisual Studio. Izvi zvinoreva kuti isarudzo iri nani pane mamwe mapuratifomu. Kutorwa kweMicrosoft kweXamarin mukati 2016 akaita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa uye akagadzira nzira yekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira. Semagumo, Vagadziri vazhinji vava kutendeukira kuXamarin yekuvandudza app Android.