Maitiro ekugadzirisa Android Apps

Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve Android programming, bhuku rino richabatsira zvikuru kwauri. Ichakuzivisa iwe kune akanyanya kukosha misoro iwe yaunofanirwa kuziva kana uchigadzira inotaridzika-inotaridzika Android app. Kubva pakuchengetedza data kusvika pakugadzirisa data, kumashure maitiro, uye Internet-Services, bhuku rino rinokuratidza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive kuti ugadzire app inotaridzika. Iri bhuku rinokubatsira iwe kudzidza kushandisa Android Studio kugadzira yako app.

Kurongeka kwakanangana nechinhu

Kushandisa Java kuvaka yako Android apps hakuna kuoma, sezvo ichitevera ruzivo uye zvinotarisirwa zveOO programmers. Iri bhuku rinovhara izvo zvakakosha zvekuvandudza Android, kusanganisira mapurogiramu emifananidzo, zvirongwa zvebasa, debugging, kuedza, uye SQLite databases. Iwe zvakare uchadzidza nezve Android messaging, XML kugadzirisa, JSON, uye threading. Iwe uchawana kunzwisisa kwakanaka kweakadzika tekinoroji, kusanganisira iyo Android SDK.

Mitauro miviri inonyanyozivikanwa yekuvandudza app Android iJava neKotlin. Java ndiyo mutauro wekare wekugadzira maapplication, asi vazhinji vanogadzira vari kutendeukira kuKotlin kune yayo pfupi kodhi syntax uye nyore kudzidza. Java, apo uri mutauro unonyanya kufarirwa pakuvaka Android apps, ichiri nemukurumbira wayo wemaraibhurari akakura uye kusanganisa-kuunganidza. Kotlin, pane rimwe divi, yakagadzirwa neJetBrains, iyo kambani yakagadzira Java.

Object-oriented programming inzira yekuronga data nenzira ine musoro. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine data rayo uye maitiro, uye ese anotsanangurwa nemakirasi. Semuyenzaniso, kirasi yeBankAccount yanga iine data uye nzira dzekuchengeta nekudzima maakaundi. Izvi zvinhu zvaizovawo nenzira dzakadai sedeductFromAccount() uye getAccountHolderName(). Idzi nzira dzakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kweBankAccount application.

Java ndiyo yaive mutauro wekutanga wakashandiswa kugadzira Android apps. Asi sezvo Kotlin akawana mukurumbira munyika yeAroid, makambani mazhinji makuru etekinoroji ari kutendeukira kumutauro uyu kumapurojekiti avo. Twitter, Netflix, uye Trello, zvose zvakavakwa neKotlin. Asi iyo Open Handset Alliance yakashandisa Java yemushandisi weiyo Android OS. Kunyangwe Java inogona kuunganidzwa kuita bytecode uye kumhanya paJVM, iyo haina yakafanana yakaderera-pamwero dhizaini senge C ++ inoita.

ShareActionProvider

Kuvandudza kupindirana nemenu zvikamu zveAroid apps, unogona kushandisa ShareActionProvider. Raibhurari iyi inogadzira dynamic submenus uye inoita zvakajairwa zviito. Inozvizivisa pachayo muXML menyu resource faira. Nekuwedzera raibhurari iyi kuapp yako, unogona kugovera data nevashandisi vako, kusanganisira mitengo yemasheya. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, shanyira webhusaiti yepamutemo. Heano mamwe eanonyanya kushandiswa ShareActionProvider makirasi:

Kirasi yeShareActionProvider inoshandisa iyo ACTION_SEND-Intent kuita chiitiko chine chekuita nekugovana. Kana mushandisi adzvanya chiratidzo cheapp muAction Bar, iyo app icharatidza runyoro rwekugovera maapplication. Kana ichi chikamu chekugovana chapera, iyo app inodzosera mushandisi kune yayo yega Android app. Kushandisa iyo ShareActionProvider raibhurari iri nyore uye iri nyore.

Iwe unozoda kugovera-chiito mupi weAroid apps kana ukaronga kugovera zviri paapp yako nevamwe vanhu. Govera-Kuvavarira chikamu chakakosha chekusimudzira Android uye inopa yakanakira, iri nyore kushandisa nzira yekugovana ruzivo nevamwe. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ShareActionProvider inoda mvumo yekuverenga nekunyora data. By default, iwe unofanirwa kuve nekodzero dze admin dzeapp yako.

Kushandisa iyi yekugovera ficha muapp yako, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera iyo ShareActionProvider kuAction Bar. Zvadaro, pfuudza zvirimo muChiito uye ShareActionProvider ichaita zvimwe. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa ShareActionProvider mune yako Gallery app, unova muenzaniso wakanaka kukuratidza kuti ungawedzera sei kuita uku kuapp yako. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve chinhu ichi mune yedu Action Bar gwara.

Chiitiko Lifecycle Callbacks

Paunogadzira chiitiko chitsva pa Android, unofanira kushandisa Activity Lifecycle Callbacks kuona kuti inoramba ichishanda mushure mekunge mushandisi asiya app. Kushandisa nzira idzi kwakakosha kudzivirira kudonha kwendangariro, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ehurongwa hwako. Zvakare, pakushandisa nzira idzi, iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira kuita yakanyanya computations panguva yePause() callback nekuti inogona kunonoka kushandura kubva pane chimwe chiitiko kuenda kune chimwe, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukushaya ruzivo rwemushandisi.

Chiito cheLifecycle Callbacks chinogona kukubatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi nekudaidza zviitiko zvakananga panguva dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwechiitiko.. Chekutanga, onCreate() inodanwa kana chiitiko chagadzirwa kekutanga. The onStart() callback inowanzo kuteverwa neOnResume uye onPause. Kazhinji kazhinji, iyo onResume callback inodanwa pamberi peiyo onStop nzira.

Kana chiitiko chamira, iyo onPause() nzira inomisa vateereri vese uye inochengetedza data rekushandisa. The onPause() uye onStop() nzira dzinovimbiswa kudanwa chiitiko chisati chapera. Iyo onResume() nzira inodaidzwa kana chiitiko chatangazve uye kumisikidzwa kwayo inotaura shanduko. Iyo Android sisitimu inodzokorodza chiitiko neiyo mitsva zvigadziriso. Nenzira iyi, vashandisi veapp yako vachakwanisa kutangazve basa ravo nekurishandisa.

Chiitiko Lifecycle Callbacks inzira huru yekuona kuti application yako iri kushanda kumashure. Iyi callback inodanwa pese kana chiitiko chichipinda kumashure. Iwe unogona kupfuudza nzira iyi nekudaidza iyo nzira pakirasi yepamusoro. Rangarira kufonera iyi nzira pazvinenge zvichidikanwa sekunge usiri kuifonera zvinozotungamira kune yako app kupunzika kana kunamira mune isinganzwisisike. Zvisinei, ita shuwa kuti wafonera onPause() nzira paunoda.

Refactoring zvishandiso

Kana iwe ukagadzira Android apps, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kushandisa refactoring chishandiso. Iwo maturusi ekugadzirisa anowanikwa kuburikidza neako Android studio kana iyo Xcode refactoring injini. Android Studio inopa akasiyana maitiro ekugadzirisa zvakare, kusanganisira kutumidza zita reJava makirasi, marongerwo, zvinodhirowa, uye nzira. Aya maturusi ekugadzirisa ane huwandu hwakawanda hwesarudzo, uye isu tichavhara imwe neimwe zvakadzama mumaresiphi pazasi.

Refactoring maturusi eAroid apps anogona kuvandudza kunaka kwekodhi yako uye kuderedza kunhuhwirira kwekodhi. Kuvharisa mashandiro eI/O kunogona kukanganisa kuterera kweiyo smartphone application, uye kushandisa isina kufanira async kuvaka kunogona kukonzera matambudziko senge ndangariro kudonha, kupera simba, uye kutambisa zviwanikwa. Refactoring maturusi aripo kuti abvise idzi nyaya nekudzoreredza async kodhi mune inoteedzana kodhi. Chishandiso chekudzoreredza senge ASYNCDROID chinogona kubvisa-refu-inomhanya mashandiro mu Android AsyncTask.

Refactoring maturusi eAroid application anogona zvakare kuvandudza legacy desktop application. Ivo vanobvumira vanogadzira kuti vachinje iyo codebase pasina kukanganisa iyo yese lifecycle ye mobile application. Pamusoro pe, vagadziri vanogona zvakare kuchenesa yakasarudzika kodhi zvidimbu, nekudaro kuvandudza huwandu hwekodhi yemhando uye ruzivo rwemushandisi pasina kukanganisa kutenderera kwekusimudzira kweapp. Vazhinji vanogadzira vanoziva Android budiriro lifecycle, uye kushandisa refactoring maturusi eAroid kunogadzirisa maitiro ekutumira manyorerwo enhaka kune nharembozha.

Refactoring inogona kuve yakaoma kune maapplication ari mukugadzirwa, asi ibasa rakakosha kune vanogadzira. Sunungura vhezheni yako kuboka diki revashandisi kuyedza maitiro nekushanda kwayo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uedze iyo refactored mashandiro eapp uye kugovera muzana usati waenda kuruzhinji. Kunyange paine zvimwe zvakanakira refactoring maturusi Android, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchifunga kuti zviri nani kudzivirira kunyorazve kodhi iripo kana zvisingaite zvachose.

MIT App Inventor

MIT App Inventor inzvimbo yakabatanidzwa yekusimudzira (IDE) zvemaapplication ewebhu. Yakapihwa pekutanga neGoogle, ikozvino yakachengetedzwa neMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Iyo IDE inoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogadzira kugadzira maapplication emapuratifomu akasiyana. Iyo MIT App Inventor chishandiso inonyanya kubatsira pakugadzira Android maapplication. Inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvishandiso uye maraibhurari, kusanganisira inooneka programming nharaunda ye Android.

MIT App Inventor zvakare isarudzo huru kune vanotanga uye vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa kukodha muzvikoro. Kureruka kwechirongwa chekushandisa kunoita kuti ive yakanakira kugadzira mobile application prototypes nekukurumidza. Vadzidzi vanogona kugadzira uye kuyedza zvisikwa zvavo panharembozha yavo, pachinzvimbo chekungovharirwa kumacomputer lab. MIT yakaburitsa akati wandei ekuwedzera kubatsira vanogadzira kuvaka nharembozha maapplication uye interface neIOT zvishandiso. Pamusoro pe, vagadziri vanogona kunyora zvimiro zvetsika vachishandisa chishandiso ichi.

MIT App Inventor chishandiso chinogona kubatsira vadzidzi kugadzira nharembozha. Iyo ine graphical mushandisi interface uye zvine musoro zvidhinha zvinobvumira vashandisi kuvaka uye kuyedza maapplication avo munguva chaiyo. Neshanduro yayo yemahara, vadzidzi vanogona kusangana nevamwe vane pfungwa dzakafanana vanogadzira uye kubvunza mibvunzo. Nharaunda inotsigira uye inobatsira. Asi kuita zvakanyanya zvechirongwa ichi, vadzidzi vanofanirwa kuve neinternet yekubatanidza.