Dzidza Maitiro ekuProgrammieren an Android App

Kana iwe uchida kudzidza kuronga Android application, iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvinhu zvishoma nezveJava-Code, vavariro dzakajeka, developer options, uye modular system. Izvi ndizvo zvakakosha zvehurongwa hwe Android. Kana iwe uchiri kuvhiringika, ramba uchiverenga. Iwe unozoona maitiro ekugadzira iri nyore app pasina nguva! Zvadaro, unenge uine hwaro hwakasimba hwebudiriro yeramangwana.

Java-Code

Muchidzidzo ichi, iwe uchadzidza zvese zvinoumba zvaunoda kugadzira Android app, kusanganisira iyo Android-Binding uye otomatiki bvunzo. Mushure mekunge madzidza kugadzira zvinhu izvi, iwe unozogona kuvaka maapplication anotaridzika. Kushandisa Java-Code yeAroid app programmieren inzira huru yekudzidza magadzirirwo eiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mobile OS. Zvisinei, kana iwe usina nguva kana ruzivo rwekugadzira yako app, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvekuhaya yakasarudzika Android app mugadziri panzvimbo.

Semuyenzaniso, yako Android app inogona kudyidzana neREST-yakatarisana webservices. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti ibudise kukosha kwakawanda nekuti inoratidza ruzivo rwakakodzera kune vashandisi vayo. Data rakadaro rinowanzo kurodha kubva kune akasiyana mawebhusaiti panguva yekumhanya kweapp uye inovandudzwa nguva nenguva. Sezvaunodzidza kuronga Android apps neJava, iwe unenge wakagadzirira kugadzira inyanzvi-inotaridzika app. Unogona kutanga nhasi nekusaina kune yemahara Android programming kosi!

Kune vanotanga, Java-Code ye Android app programmieren haina kuoma. Iyo yazvino vhezheni yeJDK inowanikwa kubva kuOracle. Kushandisa mutauro uyu, iwe unofanirwa kuve neIntegrated Development Environment (IDE). Ichi chirongwa chinokutendera iwe kuti uise kodhi uye kufona paJDK. Iyo IDE yaunoshandisa kusimudzira Android inonzi Android Studio IDE. Ichi chirongwa chakagadzirirwa kuita kuti kukodha kuve nyore sezvinobvira.

vavariro dzakajeka

Iyo Android framework inoshandisa Intent zvinhu kutungamira maapplication. Zvinhu zvine chinangwa zvinogona kushandiswa kune zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kuona kuti ndechipi chikamu chekutanga nekuita zviito. Iyo data kana chiito chiri mukati meNzvimbo yeChinhu chinopfuudzwa zvakare kune chinogamuchira chikamu. Ruzivo urwu runobvumira chikamu chemugamuchiri kuita chinodiwa chiito. Kana chinangwa chakaiswa kuti chitange, iyo inogamuchira chikamu ichaita chiito kana kutumira iyo yaunoda data.

Mune Android app programming, zvinogara zvakanaka kushandisa vavariro dzakajeka paunotanga masevhisi. Usataure zvinangwa zvemasevhisi paunenge uchishandisa chinangwa chakajeka. Izvi zvinogadzira njodzi yekuchengetedza nekuti mushandisi haaone kuti ndeipi sevhisi inopindura chikumbiro cheapp. Pamusoro pe, kushandisa chinangwa chakajeka paunotanga masevhisi kune njodzi. Android 5.0 ichaita kusarudzika kana ukaedza kufonera bindService() nechinangwa chakajeka. Izvi ndezvekuona kuchengetedzwa kwepuratifomu.

Chinhu chePendingIntent chinoputira chinangwa. Chinhu chePendingIntent chinozivisa kuti chinangwa chichaitwa kana mushandisi aita chiito neChiziviso.. Iyo NotificationManager kana AlarmManager inobva yaita chinangwa. Kana chinangwa chisina kugadziriswa, iyo PendingIntent chinhu chinodzosera Chiitiko. Inodzorerawo sevhisi. Nenzira iyi, maapplication anogona kuvhura maapuro paanofanira kudaro.

developer options

Kuti ushandise 'geheim’ zvigadziriso pa Android, unofanira kuwana 'developer options'. Aya marongero akavanzwa nekusarudzika uye anoda kugoneswa nemaoko. Iwe unogona kuita izvi kubva kuAroid System's Settings-App. Vanogona kukonzera nyaya dzekuita kana vasina kugoneswa nemazvo. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti ari nyore kubvisa. Ngationgororei kuti tingagonesa sei 'geheim’ zvisarudzo. Hedzino nzira shoma dzekuwana iyo 'geheim’ menyu pane Android-Handy:

Kana iwe uri kugadzira nharembozha ye Android, uchawana kuti 'developer’ sarudzo dziripo. Kunyange zvisiri zvese izvi zvigadziriso zvinodiwa, vanogona kukubatsira kuona nyaya nekuvandudza mashandiro eapp yako. Dzimwe dzesarudzo idzi dzinosanganisira USB-Debugging, chinhu chinogona kukubatsira kudzura foni yako, isa tsika-rom, uye chengetedza data rako. Zvimwe 'developer’ sarudzo dzinoita kuti iwe uongorore mashandiro echishandiso chako uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.

Pamusoro pekugadzirisa uye kugadzira debugging nharaunda, Android Studio inotsigirawo kutarisa hunhu mumashandisirwo uye marongero. Pasinei nezvinobatsira, debugging haigone kukupa ruzivo rwese rwaunoda kugadzirisa kukanganisa kana kugadzirisa kukanganisa. Android app kuvandudza kwakaoma pasina maturusi aya. Zvisinei, kana iwe usina maturusi akakodzera, unogona kushandisa mazano anotevera kuti utange. Uye pakupedzisira, usakanganwa kuchengeta zvinhu izvi mupfungwa!

modular system

Kana iwe uchida kugadzira Android app nekukurumidza, unogona kuwana chishandiso chakanakira basa iri paInternet. Iwe uchawana akawanda epamusoro-akatemerwa sarudzo anobhadharisa mubhadharo wepamwedzi. Iwo mapakeji anosiyana zvichienderana nekuti ndeupi mupi waunoshandisa uye rudzi rweapp yauri kugadzira. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapurogiramu: native uye PWA. Zvose zvine zvazvakanakira nezvazvakaipira. MaNative apps anotorwa kubva kuchitoro cheapp kana Google Play uye ane mamwe mabasa kupfuura PWAs.

Kana iwe uri mutsva kuchirongwa, iwe uchada kushandisa online turusi seApp-Builder. Ichi chishandiso chinowirirana nemitauro yakawanda yekuronga uye chakanakira vese vanotanga uye vane ruzivo vanogadzira zvirongwa. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iwe unofanirwa kuve neruzivo rweJava kana imwe programming mutauro usati waedza izvi. Zvikasadaro, iwe unogona kupedzisira uine isina-coded app.

Kuvaka app iwe pachako ibasa rinotora nguva, asi iyo inodhura-inoshanda sarudzo pane kuhaya mugadziri. Vagadziri veApp vanopa yakakura seti yezvinhu zveapp. Zvisinei, iyo yakaderera ndeye yakaganhurirwa kugadzirisa uye maficha aripo. Customizations zvakaoma kuwana, asi dziripo. Kuvaka yako pachako app ingave iyo sarudzo chaiyo kana iwe uchida kugadzira diki app kune bhajeti diki.

Kugadzira chirongwa cheAndroid Studio

Kutanga kuvaka yako Android application, unofanira kugadzira Android Studio project. Chirongwa chine runyoro rwemafaira, kusanganisira yako Android application's source code, level settings, uye mafaira ekushandisa. Kana mafaera aya awedzerwa kupurojekiti, unogona kutanga kunyora application. Padanho rekutanga, unofanira kutumidza chirongwa chako. By default, iyo purojekiti inonzi app. Kuchinja zita, tinya File > New > Module.

Paunotanga kugadzira yako app, iyo Android Studio chishandiso ichagadzira purojekiti yemuenzaniso. Kana iwe uchida kugadzira yako application, unogona kushandura zita iri muZita ndima. Iro zita richaonekwa paapp yako kana yaiswa pamudziyo wemushandisi uye kana yakanyorwa paGoogle Play. Kuchinja izvi, unogona kutsiva zita rekutanga nerako. Neimwe nzira, unogona kushandisa zita reapp iro ratova muzvirongwa zveprojekiti.

Iwe unogona zvakare kugadzira maforodha madiki mukati meprojekiti. Iwo maforodha madiki ane mafaera anodiwa pakuvaka yako Android application. Iyo src/folder ine Java source kodhi nepo lib/folder iine mamwe mafaera echirongo anodiwa panguva yekumhanya.. Iyo asset/folder ine static mafaera uye zvinhu zvinodhirowa. Pakupedzisira, iyo gen/forodha ine iyo yakagadzirwa sosi kodhi inogadzirwa neAroid kuvaka maturusi.

Refactoring zvishandiso

Refactoring maturusi eApple app programming anogona kubatsira kuderedza boilerplate kodhi, kurerutsa kodhi, uye kurerutsa chirongwa chako. Mienzaniso mishoma yematurusi ekugadzirisa anosanganisira Dagger, Hilt, uye SafeArgs. Aya maraibhurari anoita kuti hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevagadziri huve nyore nekubvisa boilerplate kodhi, kudzivirira kudonha kwendangariro, uye kutonga mafambiro ehupenyu. Ese maficha aya anotendera iwe kuti utarise pane bhizinesi logic pane kunyora boilerplate kodhi.

Refactoring inzira yakanaka yekudzikisa coding kuedza, nguva, uye mari. Iyi tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa kunenge chero software yekuvaka, uye chero mugadziri ane zvishoma epamusoro-level coding ruzivo anogona kutanga maitiro. Pamusoro pe, inogona kuchengetedza nguva yakawanda nesimba nekukubvumidza kuti uchenese mamwe matinji ekodhi uchichengeta iyo yakazara mutengo wepurojekiti padiki.. Refactoring zvishandiso zvinogona kushandiswa kushandura legacy desktop application kuita nharembozha.

Refactoring maturusi eApple app programming anogona kukubatsira kutumidza nzira uye nhengo dzeJava makirasi. Pamusoro pe, Android Studio inokutendera kuti utarise maitiro ezita rezita pane yega faira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti haufanirwe kunyora kodhi nyowani kuti uvandudze kodhi yako iripo. Kana iwe usina chokwadi chekuti ungatumidza sei imwe nzira kana kirasi, unogona kushandisa Android Studio's refactoring zvishandiso kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti uri kuzviita nemazvo.

Hybrid app kuvandudza iOS uye Android

Chinhu chekutanga chinosiyanisa maapps emuno uye mahybrid inzira yavo yekusimudzira. Nepo maapuro emuno akagadziridzwa papuratifomu imwe chete, mahybrid apps anokwanisa kukwidziridza akanakisa maficha emapuratifomu ese ari maviri. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ivo vanosarudzwa kuti vatambe nekukurumidza pamapuratifomu ese ari maviri. Uyezve, mahybrid apps anotora mukana wekushandisa masisitimu’ zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, ivo havasi vekuzvarwa seapp yemuno. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi, mahybrid apps anodiwa kune vamwe vashandisi.

Paunenge uchishandisa hybrid development, unogona kuchengetedza nguva nemari nekushandisa iyo imwechete chikuva kune ese ari maviri Android uye iOS budiriro. Semuyenzaniso, haufanire kuisa mari mumapuratifomu eUI akasiyana. Uyezve, hybrid apps inogona kukurumidza uye inodhura-inounzwa kumusika uye kushanda sebharoni yekuyedza. Hybrid app yekuvandudza inokubatsira kuderedza nguva yekuvandudza uye mutengo uye inoita kuti chigadzirwa chako chitengese nekukurumidza.

Imwe bhenefiti yekushandisa hybrid kusimudzira ndeye kuchinjika kwainobvumira. Besides native development, mahybrid apps anogona kushandisa zvemukati mewebhu izvo zvawakanyora kune yako desktop webhusaiti. Nenzira iyi, unogona kuratidza zvemukati zvewebhu muzvikamu zvese zveapp, kusanganisira faniro yekutenga. Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana Hardware maficha emakodhi maapps uchishandisa yemuno kodhi. Hybrid apps inogona zvakare kushandisa JavaScript APIs pamapuratifomu anoitsigira.