Dzidza maBasirwo eAroid App Development

Dzidza maBasirwo eAroid App Development

Unogona kunge uri mutsva kune Android app kuvandudza. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvemutauro uyu, verenga zvinyorwa zvedu paJava, Kotlin, Chiitiko, uye Fragmentation. Izvi zvinokupa iwe nzwisiso yezvakakosha zve Android programming. Zvakare, iwe unozokwanisa kugadzira Android app nekutevera matanho anotsanangurwa muzvidzidzo. Pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvinyorwa paAndroid zvinowanikwa pawebhu. Kana uine mibvunzo, usazeze kubvunza muchikamu chemashoko pazasi.

Java

Sezvo iwe uchidzidza iyo Java ye Android app yekuvandudza mutauro, ungangosangana nezvinetso zvakawanda. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvaungaita kuti uwedzere ruzivo rwekudzidza. Chekutanga, sarudza chirongwa chaunogona kupedza zviri nyore, zvakadai semutambo. Mushure maizvozvo, unogona kuenderera mberi nekudzidza nezve Android app kuvandudza nekuvaka mamwe marudzi emaapplication. Sezvaunodzidza, iwe zvakare unovaka yako network yevagadziri uye kuchinjana maonero. Kwete chete iwe uchadzidza hunyanzvi hutsva kubva kune vezera rako, asi iwe zvakare uchawana rubatsiro kune chero matambudziko aunosangana nawo uchigadzira yako app.

Imwe mukana wakakura weJava yekuvandudza app Android ndeyekuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira muchinjika-chikuva maapplication. Sezvo Java iri yakavhurika-sosi programming mutauro, haufanire kubhadhara kuti uishandise, inova nhau huru kune avo vanofanirwa kugadzira mapurogiramu emhando dzakasiyana dzepuratifomu. Semutauro wakavhurika, Java inopa hupfumi hwemaraibhurari uye default dhizaini mapatani ayo vagadziri vanogona kushandisa kugadzira yakasimba nharembozha. Java maapplication anogona zvakare kugadziridzwa zviri nyore kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvevagadziri vakasiyana.

Kunyangwe Kotlin iri sarudzo iri nani yekuvandudza app yeAroid pane Java, zvinoda curve yekudzidza. Kotlin mutauro wekugadzira wakanangana nechinhu unoenderana neJava uye Android. Java zvakare mutauro unozivikanwa wekuvaka mutambo consoles, data centers, uye nharembozha. Kana iwe ukaronga kugadzira app ye Android, zviri nani kutanga neJava uye kudzidza Kotlin.

Kotlin

Nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga kudzidza Kotlin ibhuku raPeter Sommerhoff, Kotlin ye Android App Development. Sommerhoff inopa yakawedzera seti yekodhi rondedzero uye inotungamira vaverengi kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwemaapuro maviri eAroid. Iri bhuku rinonyatso kuratidzwa nemazhinji skrini uye madhayagiramu. Nepo bhuku racho richikudzidzisa Kotlin, zviri nani kutanga nekuverenga mamwe mabhuku eAroid pamusoro penyaya. Zvichava nyore kunzwisisa uye kudzidza mutauro wacho kana uchiziva kuuverenga.

Vazhinji vanogadzira Android vatojairana neJava, saka kushandura codebase yavo iripo kuKotlin inzira yakatwasuka. Nepo kune mimwe misiyano pakati pemitauro miviri iyi, zvinongofanira kutora mavhiki mashoma kuti unyatsonzwisisa. Sezvakaita chero mutauro mutsva, ita chokwadi chekutora nguva yako. Nepo Java ichiri inonyanya kufarirwa, inogona kunge iri nguva yakareba kusvika yatsiva Kotlin.

Kotlin mutauro weJava-based programming, uye zviri nyore kudaidza Java kodhi mairi pasina kuoma. Saizvozvo, Java neKotlin zvese zvinogadzira zvakafanana bytecode. Iwe unogona kudzidza kushandisa Kotlin kugadzira Android app nekunyora zviri nyore zvikamu zveapp muKotlin uye wozoshandura yasara codebase kuJava.. Mabhenefiti ekushandisa Kotlin ye Android app kuvandudza akawanda.

Fragmentation

Iwe unogona kushandisa iyo pfungwa yekupatsanurwa mune yako Android app kuvandudza uchishandisa iyo 'chidimbu’ muenzaniso. Zvimedu zvinogara muViewGroup yemugadziri Chiitiko uye inopa chitarisiko kuburikidza neXML kana Java. Zvimedu zvinoshandisa iyo onCreateView() nzira, iyo inokwidza UI yechidimbu uye inodzosera midzi yayo kana pasina. Zvimedu zvine mafaera maviri ekugadzirisa masisitimu. Imwe inoratidza mavara uye imwe inoratidza ruvara rwekumashure.

Panguva yekuvandudzwa kwezvidimbu zvako, zvakakosha kufonera iyo onCreate() nzira pakugadzira chidimbu. Iyo nzira inofanirwa kutanga izvo zvinodiwa uye zvichengetedze kunyangwe chidimbu chikamira kana kumira. Pamusoro pe, iwe unofanirwa kufonera iyo onCreateView() callback paunenge uchidhirowa UI kekutanga. Kana iwe uchida kuwedzera nzira iyi, iwe unofanirwa kufona kusvika pakuitwa kweiyo superclass.

Imwe bhenefiti yekupatsanura ndeyekuti inokutendera iwe kuti uchinje kutaridzika uye kunzwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvechiitiko panguva yekumhanya.. Nekubatsira kwezvidimbu, unogona kuwedzera kana kubvisa zvikamu uye kudzorera shanduko. Zvimedu zvinogona kushandiswa muzviitiko zvakawanda, uye vanogonawo kuva vana vezvimwe zvimedu. Ingoita shuwa kuti zvidimbu zvako hazvinei nezvimwe zvimedu. Zvimedu izvi zvinogona kugovera chiitwa chemubereki chimwechete.

Chiitiko

Kuti utange neChiitiko, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti iyo onCreate nzira inoita sei. Iyi nzira inodaidzwa apo chiitiko chinotanga kugadzirwa. Munzira iyi, unogona kutanga data zvinhu uye UI zvinhu. Iwe unogona kudarika iyo yakachengetwaInstanceState kusiyanisa kuti uone chimiro chechiitiko. OnCreate(Bundle) inofona paGadzira() kana Chiitiko chatanga. Zvadaro, pese paChiitiko chabuda, inodana Paradzai().

The onPause() callback inoshandiswa kuburitsa zvinorema zviwanikwa. Iyo zvakare inomisa vhidhiyo kana animation kutamba. Iyo onStop() nzira inodaidzwa kana chiitiko chisisatarisike. Sezvakaita onStart() nzira, uyuwo anoita basa rakawanda zvishoma. Inochengetedza ruzivo rwese rwenyika mundangariro, uye inodaidzwawo kana chiitiko chinorasikirwa nekutarisa. Kazhinji kazhinji, unongodaidza iyo onStart() nzira kamwe muhupenyu hwechiito.

Chiitiko chirongwa chinogadzirwa pane Android mudziyo. Ichi chishandiso chinoshandisa masensa emukati emudziyo kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kutora skrini, kuchengetedza data, uye kuita zviito. Vadzidzi vanogadzira iyo app nekushandisa yemahara software, zvakadai seMIT App Inventor. Vadzidzi vanogona zvakare kudhawunirodha iyi software kubva paInternet. Iyi software inobvumirawo vadzidzi kuti vadzidzise dhizaini yavo yekugadzira uye hunyanzvi. Pakupedzisira, vadzidzi vachakwanisa kuburitsa yavo Android maapuro uye kuwana diploma musainzi yekombuta.

Chiitiko chikamu

Chiitiko imhando yemushandisi interface mune Android app. Inosanganisira hierarchy yemaonero, imwe neimwe inodzora nzvimbo ine rectangular mukati mehwindo rekuita. Maonero ega ega ane zita rakasiyana uye basa rakasiyana – semuyenzaniso, bhatani rinogona kukonzera chiito kana mushandisi akaribaya. Rondedzero yehunhu inogona kutsanangurwa muChiitwa kirasi. Kushandura zita reChiitiko chekirasi kunogona kutyora mashandiro.

Chikamu cheChiitiko chine zvikamu zviduku. Chiitiko chega chega chinoshandisa nzira inopindura shanduko mumamiriro ekushandisa. Mabasa anotungamirirwa munzvimbo yemidziyo. Iwo akafanana neJava applets uye servlets. Iwe unogona kushandisa Chiitiko chehupenyu kutenderera kuyedza kana iyo application ichadzosera mamiriro ayo kana mushandisi atenderedza mudziyo. Kushandisa Chiitiko chikamu mu Android app kuvandudza, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza izvo zvekutanga zve Android programming.

Iyo onSaveInstanceState() nzira inogona kudhindwa kuchengetedza iyo yazvino mamiriro eUI. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti paSaveInstanceState() haina kuvimbiswa kudanwa pamberi pekuparadzwa kwechiitiko. Kana mamiriro ebasa achichinja, zvakanakisa kuverengera paRestoreInstanceState() pachinzvimbo. Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona kuchengeta track yekuchinja kwakaitwa nemushandisi panguva yakatarwa.

Navigation chikamu

Iyo Navigation chikamu ine basa rekuvandudza UI yeapp kunze kweNavHostFragment.. Nepo mazhinji ekufambisa ekuona ekugadzirisa anoitika mukati meNavHostFragment, iyo Navigation chikamu chinogona zvakare kushandiswa kuratidza zvimwe zvinhu zveUI, senge dhirowa rekufambisa kana bhaa rinoratidza nzvimbo yemushandisi iyezvino. Dzinotevera ndedzimwe nzira dzakajairika dzekushandisa Navigation chikamu muapp yako.

Chekutanga, famba uchienda kufaira rekufambisa. Iyi iNavgraph, faira rekushandisa rine ruzivo rwekufamba-famba. Inoratidza nzvimbo dzemukati dzeapp yako uye inotsanangura nzira dzinogona kuitika kuburikidza neapp yako. Kushandisa navigation editor, unogona kuona Navgraph, chimiro chakafanana nemuti wezvinyorwa zvekufambisa. Navgraphs yakakamurwa kuva nzvimbo uye zviito, iyo inotsanangura nzira dzakasiyana dzinogona kutora mushandisi mukati meapp.

Iyo Navigation chikamu chinoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa kufamba mune Android app. Inotevera seti yemisimboti uye inoita kuti kufamba kuenderane kune ese maapplication. Nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, Kufamba kunoda Chiitiko chimwe chete, iyo inobvumira mifananidzo iri nyore pakati peZvimedu uye inovandudza mashandiro eapp. Inogadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji nekufamba muAroid apps uye yakakosha kuwedzera kune Android ecosystem. Unogona kushandisa chimiro ichi kukurumidza kugadzira app pasina kukodha muUI.