Dzidza maBasirwo eAndroid Programmierung muJava uye Akasiyana Ekusimudzira Mamiriro

Kana iwe uchifarira Android Programmierung, une zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa kwauri. Unogona kutanga nekutarisa kuGoogle Play Store, izvo zvapera 3 mamiriyoni ekukumbira. Mazhinji acho anobatsira uye akarongwa zvakanaka, saka iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kushandisa imwe yacho. Kunze kweJava, iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa Objective-C, Swift, uye XML tambo.

Java

Android programmierung muJava mutauro unozivikanwa unoshandiswa kugadzira Android application. Mutauro unowanikwa mune dzakasiyana siyana Tutorials uye mabhuku uye zvinoda shoma basa uye kuzvipira kugona. Ichi chidzidzo chichakubatsira iwe kudzidza izvo zvekutanga zve Android programmierung muJava uye dzakasiyana siyana budiriro nharaunda.

Imwe yemabhenefiti eJava-based Android application ndeyekuti inogona kumhanya pane akasiyana mapuratifomu. Ose ari maviri Java nePython anopa huwandu hwemaraibhurari uye APIs eAroid programmers. Kana iwe ukaronga nezvekushanda nemasisitimu enhaka uye uchida kugadzira maapplication nekukurumidza, Java isarudzo iri nani.

Java inotsigira coroutines, izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire akawanda threads ekuuraya. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kuwedzera saizi yepurogiramu yako codebase uye kuwedzera njodzi yekukanganisa kwekodhi. Chimwe chinokanganisa cheJava ndechekuti inoda kuti iwe uongorore mhando dzakasiyana nemaoko. Kunzvenga izvi, unofanirwa kushandisa mutauro wechirongwa unotsigira smart casts. Iyi ficha inotsiva otomatiki maakasiti akasarudzika neakagadzikana.

Kunze kwekupa sumo yakakwana kune Android hurongwa muJava, bhuku racho rinofukidzawo zvakakosha misoro yehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza app. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa kuchengetedza data uye kumashure maitiro. Pamusoro pe, iwe uchadzidza kushandisa Android Studio uye iyo Android SDK.

Chinangwa-C

Kana uri kutsvaga kutsanya, nzira iri nyore yekuvandudza Android application, unofanira kufunga kushandisa Objective-C. Mutauro uyu wakafanana neJava uye une seti yakanaka kwazvo yezvishandiso nemaraibhurari ekushandisa. Iyo zvakare yakawanda mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira maapplication eese ari maviri iOS uye Android. Iwe unofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakanaka rweJava, saka zvakakosha kusarudza IDE inogona kumhanya pane ese Android uye iOS.

Chinangwa-C mutauro wekuronga wakakodzera kune avo vane ruzivo neC ++ asi vasingade kupinda mumatambudziko eJava.. Zvisinei, inononoka kupfuura Java uye ine shoma yekutsigira system. Kana uchida kushandisa Objective-C, unogona kuisa maoko ako paPSPDF Kit.

Objective-C is superset yeC uye ine nhamba huru yezvinhu-yakatarisana nechinhu. Iriwo mutauro wakagadzikana wepurogiramu, ine nharaunda yakakura uye raibhurari hombe yezvidzidzo uye zvinyorwa. Chinhu chakanakisa nezvacho ndechekuti iwe unogona kuidzidza nekukurumidza uye unogona kugadzira yakakura app ine dambudziko diki.

Objective-C inotsigira zvese static uye zvine simba kutaipa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kodhi yako inogona kutariswa munguva chaiyo yekukanganisa. Zvisinei, mutauro uyu une nhoroondo refu. Semutauro wakavhurika, unogona kuwana akasiyana maturusi kubva kuApple uye echitatu-bato makambani. Apple ichangobva kuunza zvishandiso zvitsva sePencilKit (yeApple Penzura) uye SiriKit (yechitatu-bato mapurogiramu). Inotsigirawo MapKit, iyo inowedzera mikana yekugadziriswa kweUI.

Swift

Kana iwe uri mugadziri weAroid uye uchida kuita kuti app yako imhanye pamapuratifomu akasiyana, Swift ndicho chishandiso chakakodzera chebasa racho. Iyo ine akawanda maficha anoita kuti ive yakanaka kune nharembozha, uye ndeyemahara kune vanogadzira. Inotsigirawo huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinangwa zvekusimudzira, kusanganisira Android NDK, Cocoa, Java, nezvimwe.

Kana iwe uri kuronga kushandisa Swift yekuvandudza Android, ipfungwa yakanaka kuve neruzivo mune mimwe mitauro yekuronga, kunyanya Swift yeIOS. Mutauro wacho wakasununguka, zvinoreva kuti unogona kuwana vanhu vazhinji vanoda kukubatsira. Iwe zvakare unozogona kushandisa Swift kugadzira iOS maapplication, uye vagadziri veIOS vanogonawo kukumbirwa kunyora Android apps muSwift. Mukuwedzera kune kushanduka kwayo, Swift zvakare inokurumidza uye iri nyore kudzidza.

Nepo Swift iri mutauro wakavhurika-sosi, unogona kushandisa zvishandiso zvako zvaunofarira nazvo, kusanganisira iyo Android NDK. Izvi zvinoreva kuti uchakwanisa kushandisa akawanda ezvishandiso zvawakashandisa pakuvandudza C/C ++, senge iyo yakaderera-level debugger.

Swift zvakare inopindirana zvakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti unogona kunyora kodhi mune terminal kana iyo LLDB debugging console yeXcode. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kupindirana uye kuongorora ako ari kumhanya maapuro, nyora kodhi nyowani, uye kumhanya bvunzo zviri nyore.

XML tambo

XML mutauro wekumaka unoshandiswa kutsanangura data. Inotorwa kubva kune iyo Standard Generalized Markup Mutauro (SGML). XML haina huremu, scalable, uye nyore kunyora. Inoshandiswa kuita data yeUI yeAroid application.

AsyncTask-Framework

Iyo AsyncTask-framework yeAroid programming inopa nzira iri nyore yekutaurirana pakati petambo huru uye yekumashure tambo. Inoshanda nekupfuudza mhedzisiro yenzira yekumashure kune iyo onPostExecute nzira, iyo inobva yagamuchira mhedzisiro kubva kunzira yekumashure. Ichi ndicho chakakosha chivakwa chekugadzira Android programming.

AsyncTask ikirasi isinganzwisisike inopa hwaro hwaro hweasynchronous mabasa. Pane nzira nhatu huru muAsyncTask. Wokutanga, onPreExecute, inomhanya pashinda huru, kugadzirira dialog yekurodha uye kunyevera mushandisi kuti basa rava kuda kutanga. Nzira yechipiri, doInBackground, inomhanya pane imwe shinda iri kumashure.

Pamusoro pekukwanisa kuita mabasa kumashure, AsyncTask inobvumirawo maapplication kuburitsa UI zvigadziriso paunenge uchigadzira kumashure mabasa. Nekuti Android Mabasa anomhanya patambo huru, kumhanya chero I/O kana processor-yakanyanya mabasa pane iyi shinda inogona kumisa UI. AsyncTask inopa hurongwa hwevagadziri vekushandisa kweAroid kuti vashandise mabasa anozoitwa patambo yekumashure tambo huru isati yapedza basa rayo..

AsyncTask-Task-Framework igadziriro yakagoverwa inotsigira makumi ezviuru zveasync mabasa pasekondi.. Vagadziri vayo vakagadzira chimiro mushure mekusawana mhinduro yekubva-pasherufu yezvavanoda chaizvo. Dropbox mainjiniya vari kushandisa ATF mukati 28 zvikwata zveinjiniya uye parizvino inobata akawanda se 9,000 async mabasa pasekondi.

Native Android Apps

Native Android Apps akagadzirirwa kushanda paAroid madivayiri. Vanogona kugadzirwa vachishandisa HTML, CSS, kana JavaScript. Mitauro iyi inoenderana neWindows masisitimu uye Android zvishandiso. Iyo Android SDK inotsigirawo muchinjika-chikuva matekinoroji, kusanganisira Xamarin. Android. Zvishandiso izvi zvinokutendera kuti uvake maapuro ekare eAroid uchishandisa mitauro yakajairika uye kugovera kodhi pamapuratifomu.

Yakagadziridzwa uchishandisa iyo yekuzvarwa chimiro cheiyo mobile operating system, Zvishandiso zvemuno zvinoshandisa mashandiro echisikigo chenharembozha. Izvi zvinoita kuti vakurumidze uye vatore mukana wezvimiro zvepuratifomu. MaNative apps anogona kutobatanidza masisitimu ekushandisa. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuve vakachengeteka uye kushandisa chengetedzo maficha eavo anoshanda masisitimu.

Native Android Mapurogiramu ane mukana pane mahybrid apps. Native apps dzinoshandisa mitauro yemuno uye inogona kushandisa mamwe maficha emuno. Pamusoro pe, vanogona kushandisa Indaneti yezvinhu (IoT) zvishandiso, virtual reality (VR), uye augmented reality (AR). Ivo zvakare vanotevera dhizaini dhizaini nhungamiro, inopa ruzivo rwakanyanya kunyudza kune vashandisi.

Imwe bhenefiti yeanowanikwa maapps ndiko kugona kudzora saizi yavo, orientation, uye resolution. Sezvo maapps emuno akagadzirirwa OS, vanogona kunangwa kune chaiyo mudziyo, izvo zvinoita kuti vakurumidze. Semuyenzaniso, iyo Facebook application yakambonyorwa muHTML5 kodhi uye yainonoka zvakanyanya paPhones. Mukupindura kune izvi, Facebook vagadziri veapp vakasarudza kugadzira kodhi yakaparadzana yepuratifomu yeIOS. Izvi zvakapa Facebook kugona kukwirisa kodhi kuti imhanye nekukurumidza pamidziyo yeIOS.