Ndeipi Mitauro Yekuronga Yakanakira Android App Development?

Kana iwe wanga uchifunga nezve kuvaka Android app, unogona kunge uchinetseka kana Java, C#, Kotlin, XML, kana chero mutauro wepurogiramu unogona kushandiswa. Iwe uchawana mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi munyaya ino. Usati watanga kunyora app yako, dzidza nheyo dzechimwe nechimwe. Zvadaro, enda kune dzimwe nyaya dzepamusoro. Kunyangwe iwe uri kunyora yako yekutanga mobile app, kana kana uri kushanda pane bhizinesi-yakakosha application, pane Android app yekuvandudza mhinduro inoshanda kwauri.

Java

Kudzidza makodhi muJava chikamu chakakosha cheiyo Android app yekuvandudza maitiro. Java mutauro une simba wekugadzirisa unobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira maapplication anodyidzana ayo vashandisi vanogona kusangana nawo. Mutauro wechirongwa uyu unogonesa vagadziri veAndroid kugadzira maapplication vachishandisa akasiyana siyana data zvimiro, kusanganisira tambo uye nhamba. Zvishandiso zveAroid zvinoda kushandiswa kwemhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana dze data zvimiro, izvo zvinoda kunyatsonzwisisa mutauro. Kuti udzidze Java yekuvandudza app Android, tanga nekudzidza izvo zvekutanga zve data zvimiro.

Imwe bhenefiti yakakosha yekudzidza Java yekuvandudza app yeandroid inyaya yekuti mutauro wakashongedzerwa neraibhurari hombe yemagadzirirwo emagadzirirwo.. Raibhurari iyi inopa vanogadzira hwaro hwakasimba hwekukudziridza maapplication avo. Izvi zvinobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira zvikumbiro zvakaoma pasina kupira kureruka kwekushandisa mamwe maapplication. Java inopawo hwaro hwakasimba hwekugadzira nharembozha, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuvaka mapurogiramu anogona kukura nezvinodiwa nevashandisi vako.

Kana uri kuronga kushandisa Java yekuvandudza app Android, unofanira kuziva kuti mutauro wacho hauna kusununguka. Oracle iri kuronga kushandura modhi yayo yerezinesi yeJava mukati 2019 uye hazvichatenderi vanogadzira kushandisa mutauro mahara. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa imwe nzira yeJava, vakadai saKotlin, iyo yakasununguka kushandisa. Zvisinei, kana uri kushandisa Java yekuvandudza app Android, zvakakosha kuwana mazano emutemo.

C#

Kana iwe uri kutsvaga kugadzira Android app, unofanira kushandisa C#. Mutauro wechirongwa chechinhu ichi wakafanana neJava asi une syntax iri nyore. Iri zvakare mutauro weWindows-chete. Zvayakanakira zvinosanganisira nyore-ku-kunzwisisa interface, nzira iri nyore yekudzidza, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, kana uri kutsvaga kuita mutambo wakaoma kwazvo, iwe uchada kushandisa C ++.

Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa Kotlin kugadzira Android apps. Kotlin mutauro wakadhindwa unoshandisa iyo Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Inopa yakachena uye yakapfupika kodhi syntax, zvichiita kuti ive yakakurumbira pakati pevagadziri veApp Android. Mutauro weJava programming ndiyo yekare pamitauro mikuru yemapurogiramu, asi inoramba iri sarudzo yakakurumbira nekuda kweraibhurari yayo yakakura uye kugona kwekubatanidza. Kotlin yakagadzirwa neJetBrains, kambani inogadzira Java.

Izvo zvinonyanya kunetsa zvipingamupinyi zvekusimudzira Android kushaikwa kwayo kwezvinodzora zvinodzora uye nhungamiro. Kutsemuka kwemidziyo yeAroid kunoita kuti zviome kugadzirisa chero malware. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona kuti mamwe maficha anotyora patents kana mimwe mitemo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti vashandisi veAroid vane mari shoma yekubhadhara pane yevashandisi veIOS. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuchengeta zvinhu izvi mupfungwa paunenge uchigadzira Android app. Kana iwe uri kufunga nezve kudzidza C # ye Android app kuvandudza, zviri nani kutanga nebasa diki.

Kotlin

Iwe unogona kunge wakambonzwa nezve Kotlin ye Android app kuvandudza, asi une chokwadi chekuti unoda kuzviedza? Pane zvakawanda zvinobatsira zvekudzidza Kotlin. Haisi chete inopa mutauro wemazuva ano wekuronga, inewo tsikidzi shoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti app yako inosvika pamusika nekukurumidza uye ichave yakagadzikana. Kotlin inotsigirwa zviri pamutemo pa Android neGoogle. Mukuwedzera pakuva nyore kudzidza, zvakare haina kuomarara kupfuura Java.

Java ichiri yakakurumbira mitauro yekugadzira Android app, asi Kotlin iri kuwana mukurumbira pakati pevagadziri. Kuenderana kwayo neJava uye Chinangwa C zvinoreva kuti uchakwanisa kuishandisa usinganetseki nenyaya dzine chekuita nemutauro.. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe uchachengetedza nguva pakuongorora-bug uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando, uye inogona kutarisisa kugadzira emhando yepamusoro maapuro nekuedza kushoma. Pamusoro pe, Kotlin inogona kushanda zvakanyanya kupfuura Java, zvinoreva kuti uchakwanisa kushandisa shoma yenguva yako yakakosha kugadzira Android apps.

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru eKotlin yekusimudzira app yeAroid ndeye kukurumidza kutorwa. Nekuti Kotlin iri nyore kudzidza nekuchengetedza, iri kuita mutauro wesarudzo kune vakawanda vanogadzira. Saizvozvo, ndiyo inokurumidza kukura mutauro wepurogiramu pamusika, ipapo mushure meSwift. Pamusoro pe, unogona kushandisa ese emaraibhurari eAroid, kusanganisira data binding, annotation processing, nezvimwe. Kotlin inogona kukubatsira iwe kugadzira maapplication nekukurumidza kupfuura nakare kose, uye uchakwanisa kuzvishandisa nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya.

XML

XML mutauro wemakapu unoshandiswa mukuvandudza app Android. Inoshandiswa kugadzira, chimiro, uye kuongorora data. Iyi fomati yakatanga kugadzirwa kuti ishandiswe pawebhu. Huremu hwayo, extensible, uye yakapusa syntax inoita kuti ive yakanakira kusimudzira nhare. Vagadziri veApp Android vanokurudzirwa kudzidza XML kuitira kuti vagadzire yakabudirira application. Heano zvimwe zvikonzero zvekushandisa XML mune yako inotevera Android chirongwa.

Android marongero akanyorwa muXML uye anotsanangura chimiro chemushandisi interface zvinhu. Faili regadziriro rinofanira kuva nemudzi wechinhu, sekuti View class, iyo inomiririra chinhu chemushandisi chekushandisa. ViewGroups, iyo inomiririra midziyo yegadziriro yeChinhu cheTarisa, ari madiki eChiratidzo. XML yakafanana nedhatabhesi, kunze kwekunge isina nyaya dzakajairika dzeHTML neCSS. A View chinhu inzvimbo ine rectangular pascreen. XML inogona kushandiswa kutsanangura marongerwo uye saizi yechero View chinhu.

XML data inowanzoshandiswa mumashandisirwo eAroid kuita kuti kutsvaga kuve kwakanyanya uye kunatsiridza kuchinjanisa data. Kushandisa XML mu Android app kuvandudza kwakafanana nekushandisa yakajairwa faira fomati yekuchinjana data. Pamusoro pe, inopa mamiriro e data, kuita kutsvaga nekuchinjana data kuve nehungwaru. Mabviro ayo anodzokera kumazuva ekutanga eAndroid, uye kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yekutsikisa kwakashanduka. Kushandisa XML mu Android app kuvandudza hakusi nyore uye kunoshanda chete asi kuchakubatsira iwe kugadzira zvirinani-kuita-mapurogiramu.

Fragmentation

Munyika yekuvandudza Android, fragmentation inyanzvi yekupatsanura chiitiko kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Aya machunks anonzi zvidimbu uye anogara muViewGroup yemuiti Chiitiko. Zvimedu zvinogona kupa kutaridzika kwechimwe chinhu muXML kana Java. Ivo zvakare vanodarika iyo onCreateView nzira yekubatanidza chitarisiko chavo nechiitwa. Pane nzira nhatu dzinokosha dzinofanirwa kuita chidimbu.

Mune Android app kuvandudza, unogona kugadzira zvidimbu zvechiito chako, imwe neimwe ine chikamu chemushandisi chekushandisa. Zvimedu zvinogona kumira kana kusimba, uye iwe unogona kushandisa chero imwe kugadzira kutaridzika uye kunzwa kwechishandiso chako. Heino muenzaniso chiitiko, iyo inoratidza zvidimbu zviviri zvemaoko uye mahwendefa. Iwe unogona kushandisa kirasi yenzvimbo senge FrameLayout kugadzira Fragment yechiitiko chako.

Iyo chidimbu nzira inobatsira zvakare kugadzirisa yako yekuita bar. Zvinokwanisika kuwedzera nesimba uye kubvisa zvimedu, uye hupenyu hwayo hunokanganiswa zvakananga nehupenyu hwechiito. Zvimedu zvinewo mararamiro akasiyana, saka iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvi paunenge uchigadzira application yako. Zvimedu zvakare nyore kuchengetedza nekuti zvinogona kuwedzerwa uye kubviswa kubva muchiitiko zvine simba. Uyezve, zvidimbu zvinokutendera kuti ushandise masikirini akasiyana uye marongero.

Linux Kernel

Imwe nzira yekugadzira maapplication eApple ndeye kushandisa iyo Linux Kernel. Linux kernel ndiyo musimboti weLinux inoshanda sisitimu. Iro ihurongwa hwemaitiro ekugadzirisa kuwana zviwanikwa, zvakadai se sensors. Aya maitiro anonzi init process, uye vane basa rekutanga nharaunda yekuuraya, kugadzira zvinongedzo uye mafaera masisitimu, uye kumisikidza masevhisi akadai seselinux. Kushandisa iyo Linux Kernel mune Android app, unofanira kutanga wadzidza nezvemavakirwo ayo.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mutsauko pakati peiyo Android's hardware architecture uye Linux kernels. Sezvo vaviri vacho vakasiyana chaizvo, kernel ichasiyana. Mamwe mahardware anogona kunge aine madhiraivha. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti kugadzira maapplication eAroid kuome. Kunyange iyi isiri dambudziko rinowanzoitika, kudzidza mashandisiro eLinux Kernel kunogona kupa vanogadzira mupendero kana vachigadzira mapurogiramu. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti iyo Linux kernel inotsigira akawanda akasiyana ekuvaka.

Linux Kernel zvigadziriso zvagara zvichikonzera kukakavara. Nepo vamwe vashandisi vachitaura kukosha kwekudzivirira kudzoreredza OS pafoni yavo, vamwe vakapokana kuti mbesa idzi dzinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa. Kana zvakadaro, zvingave nani kushandisa generic kernel. Google iri kuunzawo hurongwa hutsva hunodaidzwa kuti GKI huchabvumira iyo Android chimiro kushanda pamidziyo isina hardware-yakanangana nesoftware..