5 Izikhokelo zoPhuhliso lwe-Android App

Xa uphuhlisa i-app ye-Android, ixabiso lidla ngokuba phezulu ngenxa yenani elide leeyure ezifunekayo kwinkqubo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izikhokelo ezinekhowudi yemisebenzi eqhelekileyo, ukunciphisa imfuno yokuphuhlisa imisebenzi ekhethekileyo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nolwimi lokuprograma olusetyenziswayo, ezi zikhokelo zinokugcina isixa esibalulekileyo sexesha kunye nemali. Nangona kunjalo, nazo zinokubiza, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge izikhokelo ezihambelana neemfuno zakho.

Sabele Mthonyama

Elona qonga litsha lophuhliso losetyenziso lwe-Android yiReact Native, isakhelo seqonga elinqamlezileyo elenziwe nguFacebook noGoogle. Ikuvumela ukuba uphuhlise usetyenziso oluselfowuni lwe-Android kunye neqonga le-iOS ngaphandle kokuba ufunde iilwimi zomthonyama. Isakhelo sidibanisa iinzuzo zamaqonga omabini, ukwenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa nokugcina zombini iindidi ze-apps. Ukuba ubusebenzisa iJavaScript yeeapps eziphathwayo, ungafuna ukufunda iReact Native, kuba inokukongela ixesha elininzi kunye nengxaki.

I-React Native isebenzisa ikhowudi ekwabelwana ngayo, ukwenza kubelula kubaphuhlisi ukusebenza kwiprojekthi enye. Ngenxa yokuba ii-codebases ziyafana, abaphuhlisi banokuchitha ixesha elincinci bephuhlisa usetyenziso ngalunye, kwaye usetyenziso lwabo luhambelana ngakumbi neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ngolu hlobo lokuhambelana kwe-cross-platform, abaphuhlisi banokujolisa abaphulaphuli ababanzi. Nje ngeziphumo, I-React Native isebenza ngakumbi kwaye inciphisa ixesha lophuhliso, kwaye inokuba lutyalo-mali olukhulu kwishishini lakho.

Xamarin

I-Xamarin yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android sisikhokelo sophuhliso lwe-cross-platform esebenzisa i-C # yolwimi oluphambili lweprogram. Oku kuvumela iqondo eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kunye nokulinganisa, nto leyo ilungele nawuphi na umphuhlisi. Kwakhona kuphelisa imfuno yovavanyo oluzenzekelayo lweendawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye i-app yakho kwizixhobo ezininzi kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lophuhliso. I-Xamarin kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye isimahla kubaphuhlisi ukuba bayisebenzise kwiiapps zabo.

I-Xamarin ibonelela ngokujonga uhlobo oluqinileyo, okuyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wosetyenziso olomeleleyo. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuhamba ngekhowudi kwaye inciphisa iimpazamo zexesha lokusebenza. Isakhelo sikwabonelela ngelayibrari ye-UI enamandla esonga ii-APIs ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-UIs kwimodyuli enye. Ukusebenzisa i-Xamarin kuphuhliso lwe-app ye-Android yindlela entle yokwenza usetyenziso lwakho luphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza nalula. Ngelixa abaphuhlisi be-C # banokuqhelana nesi sikhokelo, iinzuzo Xamarin zicacile.

I-Xamarin yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android yenye yezona zikhokelo zophuhliso lweqonga lomnqamlezo. Xamarin ixhasa C # kwaye inikeza C # izibophelelo zemveli Android kunye iOS iimpawu. I-Xamarin iphinda igcine kunye neenguqulelo zamva nje ze-iOS kunye ne-Android, oko kuthetha ukuba unokuxhamla kwiimpawu ezintsha kunye nee-APIs ngexesha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba i-app yakho iyahambelana kuzo zombini izixhobo. Kwakhona kulula ukufudusa isicelo sakho uye kwelinye iqonga, kwaye ungasoloko uyijonga ngokutsha ukuyenza ihambelane noguqulelo olutsha.

Qt

I-KDAB inokuqonda okukodwa kwe-Qt ye-Android kwaye inokukunceda ukuba ukhuphe ngokukhawuleza usetyenziso lwakho lwe-C++ kweli qonga. Esi sikhokelo sophuhliso lweqonga lomnqamlezo sinenqanaba eliphezulu lokuhambelana ne-Android kwaye linokuvelisa ii-UIs zesikrini ngexesha elifutshane.. Ikwaqhayisa ngenkumbulo encinci kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Yenziwe nguBogdan Vatra, owaphuhlisa uMphathiswa II kunye neeprojekthi eziyimfuneko. UBogdan waqala ukusebenza kwi-Qt ye-Android kwi 2009 kwaye yapapasha iSpectacol emulator yezixhobo zeAndroid kuDlalo lukaGoogle.

Ukusukela nge-Qt 5.12.0, Abaphuhlisi be-Android banokwenza ngokulula kwaye bagcine usetyenziso oluhambelana nomthonyama kuso nasiphi na isixhobo. Nangona oku kunokuba yintlungu encinci, ikwenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwalo naliphi na iqonga. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba kuya kufuneka uqokelele kwaye upakishe izicelo zakho ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kuya kufuneka wakhe i-APK entsha equlethe inguqulelo ye-64-bit yeapps zakho.

HyperNext Android Creator

Ukuba ungumphuhlisi osafundayo ojonge ukufunda ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android, UMdali we-HyperNext Android sisixhobo esihle ukuqala ngaso. Yenzelwe abantu abangenamava enkqubo, Isakhelo sokudala isoftware yeHyperNext sivumela nabani na ukuba enze usetyenziso lwe-Android esebenzisa iskripthi esilula sesiNgesi. Inkqubo isimahla kwaye inefestile yoyilo enye kunye nebar yesixhobo. Kukho iindlela ezintathu: indalo, ukuhlela, kunye nokubaleka. Isakhelo sophuhliso lwesoftware yeHyperNext sicace ngakumbi kunolwimi lwenkqubo ye-Eclipse kwaye sinokusetyenziswa ngabaqalayo..

Nge Android, abaphuhlisi banokuthatha inzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi lophuhliso kwaye bandise iMbuyiselo yabo kuTyalo-mali. Ekubeni Android SDK ifumaneka lula, abaphuhlisi banokuvavanya ngokulula izicelo zabo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Android. Ukongeza, abaphuhlisi banokusebenzisa uyilo lwemathiriyeli ukwandisa ukuzibandakanya kwabasebenzisi kunye nenzuzo kubanini. Oku kwenza i-Android ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kumashishini. Ngeenzuzo ezininzi, uya kuvuya ukuba ukhethe ukusebenza kunye ne-HyperNext Android Creator.

Java

Ukuqala ukuphuhlisa i-app ye-Android, Kufuneka kuqala ukhethe igama leprojekthi yakho kunye nobeko ofuna ukulusebenzisa. Igama libalulekile, njengoko ikunceda ukwahlula iapp yakho kwezinye kwimarike. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uya kusebenzisa idomeyini ekwinqanaba eliphezulu (.com), igama le-app yakho, kunye nenkampani echazayo okanye igama lombutho. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona “com” kwaye “into” ukuba awunayo isizinda okanye igama lenkampani. Ukwengeza, Kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba ufuna ukugcina phi iifayile zeapp yakho kunye nolwimi lwekhowudi oza kulisebenzisa.

Ngelixa unokuhendeka ukuba uhambe nolwimi olwahlukileyo lokucwangcisa, ngumbono olungileyo ukuqala ngento eqhelekileyo. IJava lulwimi lwenkqubo olunamandla oluyinjongo ngokubanzi olwaphuhliswa yiSun Microsystems (ngoku ephantsi kwe-Oracle). Nangona iJava ine-syntax efanayo kwi-C++ kunye nezinye iilwimi zokucwangcisa, ayilolwimi lwenkqubo olukwinqanaba elisezantsi, kwaye uninzi lwekhowudi lubhalwe ngohlobo lweeklasi kunye nezinto. IJava yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo zokucwangcisa kwiimarike, kunye ne-Android ixhomekeke kakhulu kumathala eencwadi asemgangathweni eJava.

Uyilo lwezinto eziphathekayo

Xa usakha ii-apps eziphathwayo, sebenzisa izikhokelo zoYilo lweMathiriyeli zikaGoogle. Olu hlobo loyilo lusekwe kwimigaqo ye-UUI edge, ubukhalipha begraphic, kunye nezithunzi ezingokoqobo. Ngaphandle kwale migaqo mithathu, qwalasela indlela isicelo esijongeka ngayo kuzo zonke izixhobo. Umzekelo, ukuba wenza usetyenziso lomdlalo, qinisekisa ukuba i-UI yomdlalo iyinyani kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Emva koko, sebenzisa imibala elingana ubungakanani kunye nesisombululo seskrini.

Uyilo lweMaterial lunika abaphuhlisi inkululeko engakumbi xa beyila isicelo. Ayinikeli kuphela abaphuhlisi amandla okwenza isicelo, kubavumela ukuba benze ixabiso lophawu. Abaphuhlisi banokuxuba kunye nemibala kwaye bayifake kwisicelo, enokukhokelela kujongano lomsebenzisi oluyilayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ifom kunye nomsebenzi zibalulekile zombini, kunye nokulandela izikhokelo zoYilo lweMaterial kunokukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuba ufezekise iinjongo zakho zoyilo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni usetyenziso.

Injongo yoYilo lweMaterial kukulinganisa imvakalelo yezinto zokwenyani. Izinto ziqala kwindawo yazo yokugqibela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa bachithe ixesha elininzi kufutshane nendawo abasingise kuyo. Oku kunciphisa iziphumo zentshukumo kumava omsebenzisi. Usetyenziso olusebenzisa olu hlobo loyilo kufuneka lusebenzise ubuchule obunje ngelayini-ngaphandle-ngokukhawuleza-ngaphakathi ukunciphisa impembelelo yesindululo.. Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, abaphuhlisi banokwenza usetyenziso olulula, enembile, kunye nembonakalo emangalisayo. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi malunga noYilo lweMaterial, khangela inqaku lethu ngayo.

Ulwimi lwenkqubo yeJava

Unokufuna ukufunda indlela yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android kwiJava ukuba usaqala nje. Nangona kunjalo, IJava ayikuphela kolwimi omawuluqonde. Kukho ezinye iilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa onokuzisebenzisa, njengePython. Kukho iinzuzo ezininzi kunye nokungalunganga kuzo zombini, ngoko ke kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ofuna ukuyifunda. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhamba ngezinye zezona lwimi zidumileyo zokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android.

Inzuzo yokuqala kukuba iJava ilula kakhulu ukuyifunda kwaye yenzelwe abaqalayo. Ngenxa yale nto, Amaqela ophuhliso lwe-Android ahlala equlathe abadwelisi benkqubo abatsha. Oku kuthetha iindleko ezisezantsi zoqeqesho, kwaye iqela lakho linokuxhomekeka kubaphuhlisi abanamava kancinci. Ekugqibeleni, yimeko yokuphumelela kwakho kunye nenkampani yakho! Luluvo olulungileyo ukusebenzisa olona lwimi lubalaseleyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba usetyenziso lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kwizixhobo ze-Android.

Indlela yokuvavanya

Ukuze uphumelele kuphuhliso lwakho lwe-android app, kufuneka ukhethe iindlela zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela zokuvavanya. Uhlobo lokuqala lwaziwa njengeemvavanyo zezixhobo kwaye isetyenziselwa ikhowudi yokuvavanya exhomekeke kwisakhelo se-Android. Olu hlobo lovavanyo alufuni i-UI, kodwa ifuna isixhobo somzimba okanye i-emulator. Indlela elandelayo yaziwa ngokuba kukugculela i-MainLooper. Xa sele ugqibe kwisixhobo target, kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga neendlela zovavanyo.

Iimvavanyo zeyunithi zezona ntlobo zilula zovavanyo. Ezi zisebenza kumatshini wophuhliso okanye iseva, kwaye zincinci kwaye zijolise kwindawo enye yesicelo. Ngolu hlobo lovavanyo, kufuneka usebenzise i-simulator ye-Android, njengeRobolectric. Iimvavanyo ezinezixhobo ziya kukunceda ukuba ukhangele ukuba ikhowudi isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-framework feature okanye nge-database ye-SQLite. Kuvavanyo lwe-UI, ungaluqhuba uvavanyo kwisixhobo esiphilayo okanye kwi-emulator.