Isikhokelo soMqali weKotlin kunye neC # yoPhuhliso lwe-App ye-Android

Ukuba ungumphuhlisi we-Android, unokufuna ukuqala ngokufunda ngeKotlin. Olu lulwimi olukuvumela ukuba wakhe izicelo ngesiseko sekhowudi enye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi iingongoma ezimbalwa eziphambili ngaphambi kokuba uqalise. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza iziseko zeKotlin kunye neenzuzo zayo. Ukuqala nge, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni iKotlin kwaye kutheni kuyimfuneko kuphuhliso lwe-Android app.

Java

IJava lulwimi olunamandla lwenjongo jikelele, iphuhliswe yi-Sun Microsystems kwi 1995, kwaye ngoku iphethwe yi-Oracle. Ixhasa inkqubo ejolise kwinto kwaye ixhasa iintlobo zedatha yakudala. Ngokungafaniyo ne-C++, Ikhowudi yeJava ihlala ibhaliwe ngendlela yeeklasi kunye nezinto. IJava lulwimi olukhethwayo kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, kwaye kulula ukufunda nakubadwelisi benkqubo abanemvelaphi yemveli. Nasi isikhokelo esikhawulezayo sokusebenzisa iJava kuphuhliso lwe-Android app.

Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni abaphuhlisi abaninzi bekhetha iJava kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android luluntu olukhulu lwabaphuhlisi, kunye nenyaniso yokuba ihamba kakuhle phantse kulo naliphi na iqonga. Kukho amathala eencwadi avulelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo kubaphuhlisi beJava. Ezi zixhobo kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo zinceda ukuqalisa inkqubo yophuhliso kwaye iqalise ukubhalwa kwekhowudi efundekayo. Ukwengeza, I-syntax yeJava ifana kakhulu nesiNgesi, eyenza kube lula ukufunda nokuqondwa ngabanye abaphuhlisi.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweJava kunye neKotlin yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android kwiilwimi zeprogram ezisetyenziselwa ukubhala ii-apps. Ngelixa zombini iilwimi zixhaswa yi-Android Studio kunye noGoogle, IJava ibe lolona lwimi ludumileyo noluxhaswayo kangangeminyaka. Ukongeza koku, IJava yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuba usaqala umsebenzi wakho wophuhliso, IJava lolona khetho lunokwenzeka. Njengolona lwimi lwemveli kunye noluxhaswa kakuhle kuphuhliso lwe-Android app, IJava inamava kunye nenkxaso.

I-Kotlin yaziswa kwihlabathi elikhulayo liqela le-JetBrains. Ekuqaleni, I-Kotlin yenzelwe ukunceda abaphuhlisi beJava babhale iinkqubo ezingcono nezisebenzayo. Nangona ubutsha bayo, I-Kotlin ikwaxhasa ii-apps zomthonyama kwaye zinokuqulunqwa kwiJavaScript. I-Kotlin lukhetho olukhulu lophuhliso lwe-Android app, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ijika lokufunda leKotlin lihluke kwiJava.

Ekugqibeleni, IJava inenkqubo yendalo ebanzi, eyamkelwe nguGoogle. Usetyenziso lweKotlin luqhelekile kwaye lucotha kwizixhobo ezisezantsi. Ukwengeza, Usetyenziso lweJava luthande ukuba nzima ngakumbi, enokukhokelela kwiimpazamo kunye neempazamo. Ukuba ungumqali kuphuhliso lwe-Android app, IJava lolona khetho lulungileyo. Ulwimi lunesiseko esihle kakhulu se-OO, kwaye uKotlin uya kuziva ngathi yinto yesibini kuwe emva kweminyaka embalwa.

C#

Ukuba sele uyifundile iJava, ungafuna ukufunda i-C # yophuhliso losetyenziso lwe-Android. Ngelixa iJava lulwimi oludumileyo, I-C# iyabiza kancinci ukufunda kwaye inamathala eencwadi afanayo neJava. Umahluko kukuba i-C # idinga ixesha elincinci lokufunda, nto leyo ethetha ukuba unokukhawuleza ukhawuleze. Ukuba ucinga ngokutshintshela kwi C#, kukho izinto ezininzi omele uzazi kuqala. Apha ngezantsi kudweliswe izibonelelo zazo zombini iilwimi.

Ekuqaleni, funda malunga nolwakhiwo olusisiseko lwe-C#. Njengokuba, kufuneka uqonde umbono we “Iinjongo” – izinto ezimele izenzo ezithile. Umzekelo, xa umsebenzisi ecofa intengiso, i-app iyakudala into yeNjongo emele eso senzo. Okulandelayo, funda malunga nolwakhiwo lolwimi oloNgezelelweyo, ezizizinto ezinezitshixo kunye namaxabiso. Olu lwakhiwo lukuvumela ukuba ugcine ulwazi kwaye wenze kube lula kubasebenzisi bakho ukuba bahambe ukusuka kwelinye inyathelo ukuya kwelinye.

Xa udala ii-apps ze-Android, kufuneka wazi iziseko ze-IDE. I-IDE ibonelela ngokufikelela kuzo zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo oza kuzifuna ukwenza isicelo esiyimpumelelo. Ibandakanya umphathi wefayile, umcofi, umbukeli womfanekiso, ivenkile yokudlala, amanqaku encwadi, iilokha, umphathi womsebenzi, kunye nokuninzi. Awudingi ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ufunda i-IDEA. Nje ukuba ufunde, uya kuba usendleleni yakho yokubhala ii -apps ezisebenza kwisixhobo.

Ukuba uceba ukubhala usetyenziso lwemveli lwe-Android, C # yindlela yokuhamba. Ulwimi lwe-C # lwenza kube lula ukubhala ikhowudi kwaye iyahambelana nesakhelo seMicrosoft.NET. I-Xamarin liqonga elivulelekileyo langoku elinika abaphuhlisi ithuba lokuphonononga uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-Android SDK. Olu lwimi lukwasetyenziswa kwimidlalo yedesktop, desktop apps, isoftware yeshishini, kunye nezicelo zemfundo.

Ngelixa i-Android ineempawu ezininzi kunye neenketho, Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba usetyenziso lwakho luyahambelana neempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Ngophuhliso lwe-Android app, unokwenza usetyenziso oluphathwayo oluhambelana nezona zixhobo zidumileyo. Samsung, HTC, kunye ne-LG zonke zibonelela ngesoftware eyodwa, ukwenza i-app yakho ihambelane nezi nkqubo zokusebenza zahlukeneyo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba abasebenzisi be-Android bayanda bentlalontle, le ndlela yenza kube lula ukwabelana ngezinto ezibalulekileyo kubo.

Inhlwathi

Ukuba ufuna ukubhala i-app ye-Android, ungakhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo yePython. Ubulula kunye nobufutshane bayo buqinisekile ukutsala abaphuhlisi. Ngaphandle kokuba kulula ukufunda, I-Python isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza koku, ikwalukhetho oluhle lophuhliso lwe-Android njengoko iza namathala eencwadi amaninzi aluncedo ekuphuhliseni usetyenziso oluphathwayo. Masifunde ngakumbi malunga neenzuzo zePython kuphuhliso lwe-Android app.

Inzuzo yokuqala kunye neyona nto iphambili yePython yophuhliso lwe-app ye-android kukukwazi ukwenza usetyenziso lweenjongo ezininzi.. Ukukwazi kwayo ukuphatha idatha ebalulekileyo kwenza kube lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Ngaphezu koko, inokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iilwimi ukwenza iinkqubo eziphezulu. I-Python yadalwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo nguGuido Van Rossum. Ukusukela ngoko, iye yanda ekuthandeni kwayo. Ungafumana izixhobo ezininzi kunye nezifundo kwiPython yophuhliso lweapp ye-Android.

Ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kwayo, I-Python kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunezinye iilwimi zokucwangcisa. Inokuqhuba kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaqonga, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lungcono kuphuhliso lwesicelo esiphathwayo. Olunye uncedo lokusebenzisa iPython kuphuhliso lweapp yeselula luluntu lwalo olukhulu lophuhlisi. Kusimahla ukusetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino. Sisixhobo esikhulu sokulawula idatha kunye nokuphuhlisa izicelo zoshishino. Ngoko, qhubeka ujonge iPython yophuhliso lweapp ye-Android. Uya kuvuya ukuba uyenzile!

Olunye uncedo lokusebenzisa iPython kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android kukuba ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze inani elikhulu leeapps ezineempazamo ezimbalwa.. Abaphuhlisi banokulindela ukubona amaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kuba kulula ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Ukwengeza, abaphuhlisi baya kuba nakho ukuphumeza iikhonsepthi zoyilo kunye nemigca embalwa yekhowudi. I-Python ayifuni izibhengezo eziguquguqukayo, iyenza ibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu lwe-iOS kunye nophuhliso lwe-Android app. Uya kuba kwindlela yakho yokoyisa iindawo eziphakamileyo kwihlabathi ledijithali ngoncedo lwePython yophuhliso lweapp ye-Android..

Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi zePython zophuhliso lwe-Android app, kukho iingxaki ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, kunokuba nzima ukuphuhlisa ngePython, kunye nee-IDE ezihlakaniphile eziza nayo azikwazi ukuphatha ubunzima bePython. I-Python ikwanzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa kwaye ifuna uvavanyo olungaphezulu kunezinye iilwimi zokucwangcisa. Kwaye ayingobaphuhlisi kuphela ekufuneka basebenzise iPython kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android. Ikwavumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe ii -apps ezisebenzisa uhlalutyo lwedatha ephezulu.

Kotlin

Abadwelisi benkqubo abafuna ulwimi olutsha lophuhliso lwe-Android app banokufuna ukuzama iKotlin. Lulwimi oluvulelekileyo olunikezela ngeempawu ezininzi kwaye luyahambelana neJava. Iyahambelana nedesktop kunye nezicelo zeseva. I-Kotlin izuza ngokukhawuleza ekuthandeni. IJetStream yenze umzamo omkhulu kuphuhliso lwayo olungundoqo kwaye idale nezixhobo zabaphuhlisi be-iOS ukuguqula ikhowudi yeKotlin ibe yikhowudi ehambelana neApple.. Iziphumo ziyamangalisa. I-Kotlin iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngamandla kunye nokuthandwa, njengoko abantu abaninzi beqala ukuyisebenzisa kuphuhliso lwe-Android app.

Enye yezona zinto zidumileyo zeKotlin kukukwazi ukudala izinto. Ngokuzibhengeza ngokucacileyo kwikhowudi, abaphuhlisi banokunqanda ukuphinda ikhowudi. Olu lwimi lukwalungile ekudaleni ingqiqo yokufikelela kwakhona kunye nokuphucula ii-APIs ezikhoyo. Ikwanayo neempawu ezininzi eziluncedo kubaphuhlisi ukonyusa imveliso yabo kunye nomgangatho wekhowudi. Nazi ezinye zezibonelelo zokusebenzisa i-Kotlin yophuhliso lwe-Android app.

Ekuqaleni, I-Kotlin inomgaqo wokufihla ulwazi ovumela abaphuhlisi ukuba basebenzise i-syntax ecacileyo xa bedala ukuguquguquka. I-Kotlin ikuvumela ukuba uchaze iipropati eziguqukayo kunye nenqanaba lefayile. Ngokungafaniyo neJava, I-Kotlin ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise izilungisi ezintathu zokubonakala: bucala, ekhuselweyo, kunye nokungagqibekanga. Ukukhuselwa akwenzi ngqiqo kwizibhengezo eziphezulu, ngoko ungasebenzisa ixabiso elimiselweyo lomhlaba. Ukusebenzisa izinto zabucala kunengqiqo kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa sisenzo esibi kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ukongeza kwindlela yohlobo lwayo, I-Kotlin ikwaxhasa iindidi zedatha ye-algebraic. Uyakwazi ukubhengeza izinto mhlawumbi covariant okanye nonnull. Into engasebenziyo inokulingana ka-zero okanye enye. Ukuba unexabiso elingenakucimeka, Umahluko we-usesite lukhetho olulungileyo. Ikwalukhetho olulungileyo kwiintlobo ezingabavelisi ngokungqongqo okanye abathengi. Ezi zimbalwa zeenzuzo ze-Kotlin zophuhliso lwe-Android app.

Ngaphandle kohlobo-inference features, I-Kotlin yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise umqhubi wedayimani kunye nokuhamba kokulawula okunemiqathango. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise ukuba kwaye xa iingxelo ukulawula ukuhamba. Ungasebenzisa ibinzana njengentetho, ukudibanisa iitshekhi ngaphakathi xa imeko. I-Kotlin ivumela ii-loops ezininzi kwiprojekthi enye. Ngoko, ukuba iapp yakho inzima kancinci kumntu oqalayo, Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokufunda iKotlin ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise kwisicelo sakho se-Android.