Inkqubo ye-Android kwiJava kunye ne-Android Studio

Ukuba ufuna ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwezixhobo ze-Android, Kuya kufuneka uyazi indlela yokusebenzisa iJava okanye iKotlin. Unokufunda malunga ne-Android Studio. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwiwebhu ukukunceda ufunde inkqubo ye-Android. La manqaku aya kukunceda ube yingcaphephe kwizicelo zekhowudi zezixhobo ze-Android. Baza kukufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider kunye neminye imisebenzi ye-Android Studio.

Kotlin

Ukuba ujonge ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android, I-Kotlin lulwimi lwenkqubo olunokusetyenziswa. Iyafana neJava, kodwa ineentloko ezincinci. Ikwaxhasa uphuhliso oluqhutywa kuvavanyo, ekuncedayo ukubamba iimpazamo njengoko zisenzeka. I-Kotlin nayo kulula ukuyifunda. Ungayixuba neeprojekthi zakho zeJava esele zikhona de uzive ukhululekile ukusebenzisa iKotlin kuphela.

I-Kotlin lulwimi lwenkqubo olusebenzisana ngokupheleleyo, okuthetha ukuba iyahambelana nekhowudi yeJava. Ungasebenzisa izixhobo zeJava kunye nezakhelo ecaleni kweKotlin, kodwa ulwimi lufutshane kakhulu kwaye alunazo izinto ezininzi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zeJava. Ngethamsanqa, ezininzi Java-ehambelanayo IDE kunye SDK izixhobo inkxaso Kotlin, ukwenza kube lula ukufunda nokugcina.

I-Kotlin ichwethezwe ngamandla, Ulwimi lwenkqubo lwenjongo jikelele olusebenza kuMatshini weJava Virtual. Ulwimi ludibanisa iimpawu ezisebenzayo kunye neprogram ejoliswe kwinto. Le ncwadi yahlulwe yazizahluko ezininzi, ngemizekelo elula eyenza ulwimi lufundeke lula. Kucetyiswa kakhulu kuphuhliso lwesicelo se-Android.

I-Kotlin ifumana ukuthandwa njengolwimi lophuhliso lwe-app yeselula. Olu lwimi lutsha luneengenelo ezininzi, kwaye abaninzi abaphuhlisi be-Android bayithatha njengenye indlela yeJava. Ngaphandle kokuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo nefutshane ngakumbi yeJava, I-Kotlin ikwabonelela abaphuhlisi ngamathuba amatsha apho iJava ayinakukwazi ukuhambelana nayo.

I-Kotlin ikwaxhasa uhlobo lwentekelelo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umqokeleli weKotlin unokuthatha uhlobo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ukusuka kwisiqalisi sabo. Emva koko, inokusebenzisa i-imageUrlBase okanye iURL yomfanekiso ngaphandle kokuyichaza ngokucacileyo. I-Kotlin ikwabonelela nge-plugin ye-compiler ekulula ukuyisebenzisa ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa kwe-annotation.

Java

Android Programmierung e Java yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo ukuphuhlisa izicelo mobile. IGoogle Play Store iphelile 3 million apps, kwaye uninzi lwazo lucwangciswe kakuhle ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukuba ungathanda ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android, unokufumana iincwadi ezininzi kunye nezifundo kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha uqheliselo oluthile kunye nokuzinikela ukuze uyilawule. Kweli nqaku, Ndiza kuchukumisa ngokufutshane iimpawu eziphambili zolu lwimi ludumileyo lwenkqubo.

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyifunde lulwimi lophuhliso. Ezona lwimi zidumileyo yiJava kunye neC#. Unokuzama nokufunda ulwimi olutsha njengeSwift. Ii-apps ze-iOS zicwangciswe kwi-Swift. Umzekelo, unokufunda ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso nge-xCode okanye i-Swift. Enye inketho kukuzibandakanya neklasi yokucwangcisa. Umzekelo, UMichael Wilhelm unikezela ngezifundo ze-Android.

Amaxwebhu e-Android anokukunceda uqonde iikhonsepthi ngcono. Umzekelo, unokufunda malunga neemvume ezahlukeneyo ezakufuneka i-app yakho ifikelele kuzo, njengokufikelela kwincwadi yefowuni. Ukwengeza, unokufunda ukusebenzisa amathala eencwadi kunye nezixhobo ezibonelelwa nguGoogle. Le seti yezixhobo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Android Software Development Toolkit (SDK), iqulethe uluhlu lwezixhobo, kuquka i emulator.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-C++, I-Android ineJavaVM enye kuphela ngenkqubo nganye. Nje ngeziphumo, Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uyayikhusela i-jclass yakho ngeNewGlobalRef. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ikhowudi yakho iya kusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo ze-Android.

Udweliso lwenkqubo olujolise kwinto sisakhono esibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-Android. Ikunceda ukuba ubhale ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona. IJava ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabadwelisi benkqubo ngenxa yesakhono sayo esinqamlezayo kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula. Kuya kufuneka uyiqonde kakuhle iJava ukuze ufunde ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Oku kuluncedo olukhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iilwimi ezininzi, kwaye lukhetho olulungileyo ukuba uceba ukusebenza kumaqonga ahlukeneyo.

ShareActionProvider

I-ShareActionProvider luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-ActionProvider onokuyisebenzisa ukwenza isenzo esinxulumene nesabelo ngaphakathi kwe-app yakho ye-Android.. Isebenzisa ACTION_SEND Injongo ukuyila nokubonisa umbono onxulumene nokwabelana. Ukwenza ukuba iShareActionProvider isebenze, ungayongeza kwimenyu yoKhetho. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba i-ShareActionProvider ibonakale njenge-icon ye-to-the-point kwi-Action Bar. Xa ucofa kwi icon ye-app, i-ShareActionProvider iya kusungula umsebenzi onxulumene nesabelo saloo app.

Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-ShareActionProvider ukwabelana ngomxholo ovela kwezinye ii-apps ze-Android. Ukuba ukhe wafuna ukwabelana ngomfanekiso nabahlobo bakho, ungasebenzisa iShareActionProvider ukuphumeza oku. Ungabelana ngekhonkco, umfanekiso, okanye nayiphi na enye into nabanye abasebenzisi. Kwaye inxalenye engcono, isimahla ngokupheleleyo! Yeyona ndlela ilula yokwabelana ngento kwi-app yakho ye-Android!

Ukusebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider kwi-app yakho ye-Android, kuya kufuneka ube neprojekthi ye-Android. Emveni kwalonto, qhagamshela isixhobo sakho Android kunye PC yakho usebenzisa ADB. Yakuba iqhagamshelwe, i-ShareActionProvider iya kudala iprojekthi entsha kwaye ithumele idatha kwezinye izicelo kwi-app yakho. Emveni kwalonto, ukulungele ukuqalisa ukubhala ikhowudi!

I-ActionProvider yinto entsha eyaziswa kwi-Android 4.0. Inikezela uxanduva lwenkangeleko kunye nokuziphatha kwento yemenyu kwenye inkonzo. Isenokwenza imenyu engaphantsi enezenzo zokwabelana ezifanelekileyo. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider ukubonisa isenzo sokwabelana kwimenyu yokuphuphuma. NgeShareActionProvider, ungabelana ngedatha yeapp yakho ngokubonelela ngenjongo yomsebenzisi yokwabelana ngento.

I-ShareActionProvider lilayibrari yeprogrammierung eluncedo ye-Android enokusingatha izenzo ezininzi zabasebenzisi. Yenza ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kwe-Android apps lula. Ikwakunceda ukuba wenze imenyu yokwabelana kwi-ActionBar yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi banokwabelana ngayo nayiphi na idatha esuka kwi-app yabo kunye nezinye ii-apps.

Android Studio

I-Android Studio yi-IDE yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lweselula. Ineempawu ezininzi ezenza kube lula kuwe ukuba uphuhlise kwaye ulungise iiprojekthi zakho. Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ISitudiyo se-Android sikwaxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweeplagi zomntu wesithathu. Ezi plugins zikuvumela ukuba ukhawulezise ixesha lakho lokwakha, sebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa iimpazamo, kunye nokuninzi.

I-Android Studio yi-IDE esemthethweni kaGoogle yenkqubo ye-Android. Isekwe kwisoftware ye-IntelliJ IDEA. Ibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo zokuhlela ikhowudi njenge-IntelliJ IDEA, kodwa igxile kuphuhliso lwe-Android. Phakathi kweempawu zayo yinkxaso yenkqubo yokwakha esekwe kwiGradle, i-emulator, kunye nokudityaniswa kweGithub. Ikwakuvumela ukuba usebenzise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeprojekthi, kuquka usetyenziso lwe-Android, amathala eencwadi, kunye ne-Google App Engine.

Olunye uphawu lweSitudiyo se-Android lujongano lwegraphical lomsebenzisi. Ifestile engundoqo yahlulahlulwe kwiipaneli, ebonelela ngamava okukhangela abonakalayo. Unokwenza inkangeleko kunye nokuziva kweapp yakho ngokulungisa umbala wayo, ubukhulu, kunye nezinye iisetingi. Isitudiyo se-Android sibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, iquka imboniselo yengxaki apho unokubona ngokulula iikhowudo ezaziwayo kunye neempazamo zesintaksi.

Nje ukuba udale i-app ye-Android kunye nethemplethi yoMsebenzi ongenanto, I-Android Studio ilayishe kwi-emulator kwaye iyiqhube. Xa sele ilungile, Isitudiyo se-Android sibonisa usetyenziso olwenzileyo kwipheyini yokuSebenza. Ukusuka apha, unokujonga usetyenziso lwakho kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ze-Android kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo ezidumileyo.

Isitudiyo se-Android seNkqubo ye-Android sibonelela ngendawo edibeneyo yophuhliso, gqibezela ngomhleli wekhowudi kunye nomphathi wephakheji. Unokukhuphela i-Android Studio yeMac kunye neWindows. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona ilayini yomyalelo ukuphuhlisa izicelo. Into enye ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba i-Android Studio ayisiyiyo yodwa i-IDE yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Abaphuhlisi be-Android banokusebenzisa umgca womyalelo kunye nencwadana yokubhala ukwenza izicelo zabo.

I-Eclipse IDE sesinye isixhobo esihle sophuhliso lwe-Android. Yisoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo obonelela ngemeko-bume ye-codebase eyahlukileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo, kunye nemekobume yophuhliso enamandla. I-Eclipse ikwaxhasa iilwimi ezininzi kune-Android Studio. Ngezi mpawu, Abaphuhlisi be-Android banokubhala ii-codebases kwaye babenzele umsebenzi ophezulu.