Inkqubo ye-Android kwiJava kunye neKotlin

Inkqubo ye-Android kwiJava kunye neKotlin

Ukuba umtsha kuphuhliso lwe-Android, mhlawumbi uvile ngeJava, Injongo-C, okanye Swift. Ukuba unomdla wokuba ngumphuhlisi weapp ephathwayo, unokuba nomdla wokufunda malunga neMiseko yeNkqubo ye-Android. Ikhosi iya kukwazisa kwakhona kwi-Swift. Ilungiselelwe abaphuhlisi beJava, kodwa iluncedo kubo bonke abadwelisi benkqubo. Injongo yesi sifundo kukukunika ulwazi olusisiseko ngezi lwimi ukwenza kube lula ukuqalisa ukwenza ii-apps ze-Android.

Java

Ulwimi lwenkqubo ye-Android lukhetho oludumileyo lwabaphuhlisi besoftware. Ungafumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zeencwadi kunye nezifundo kwi-Android programmierung kwiJava. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umtsha ngokupheleleyo kwiprogramu ye-Android, kuya kuthatha inzame encinci ukuqonda iikhonsepthi ezahlukeneyo kunye neelwimi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza iziseko ze-Android programmierung kwiJava kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso onokuzisebenzisa ukwenza iiapps zakho.

I-Android-App yenziwe ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, enokujongwa kwiphepha leskrini. Xa ucofa kwesinye sezi zikrini, uya kufudukela kumsebenzi olandelayo. Umsebenzi ophambili uqulunqwe ziiklasi zeJava, eziziindidi zoMsebenzi kunye ne-AppCompatActivity. Yindawo yokungena ye-app yakho kwaye ineendlela ezimileyo eziphambili() kwaye kwiDala(). Ukusebenzisa ezi klasi, uya kukwazi ukwenza ujongano lomsebenzisi olusebenza kakuhle kuso nasiphi na isixhobo se-Android.

Xa uqala ukusebenzisa Android, kufuneka ufunde iJava. Unokufumana intshayelelo esisiseko kwiJava ngencwadi yentshayelelo okanye ngekhithi yophuhliso losetyenziso lwasimahla. IJava lulwimi lwenkqubo oludumileyo lokwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android, kodwa inemigibe emininzi. Ingxaki ephambili ngeJava kukuba ifuna isitayile senkqubo esahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iJava lukhetho oludumileyo, I-Python iye yafumana umhlaba njengolwimi lokungena kwinqanaba labafundi.

Njengenye indlela yeJava, abaphuhlisi abaninzi batshintshela kwiKotlin. Ngokungafaniyo neJava, I-Kotlin yi-platform-agnostic kwaye inokufundwa ngokukhawuleza. Ikwabonelela ngonciphiso olukhulu lweempazamo, leyo eyenza Kotlin ukhetho olukhulu Android programmierung. USoren Rauchle usebenza kwi-3pc GmbH unxibelelwano olutsha, kwaye unezakhono kwi-Android programmierung kwiJava kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Artliche Intelligence kwizicelo zeselula.

Ukuba ufuna usetyenziso lwakho lusebenze ngokukhawuleza, IJava lukhetho olungcono kunePython. I-Python ayinayo inkxaso yomatshini wenyani, kodwa iJava inemisebenzi ebanzi yokuphucula. Zombini ezi lwimi zibonelela ngamathala eencwadi kunye nee-APIs zokusebenzisa abadwelisi benkqubo be-Android. Ngelixa zombini iilwimi zineengenelo ezahlukeneyo, I-Python ingcono kubaphuhlisi abafuna ukusebenza ngenkqubo yelifa. Kwakhona kulula ukunyathela-ukutshintsha iinkqubo. Nangona kukho umahluko, zombini iilwimi zineenzuzo ezininzi kubadwelisi benkqubo be-Android.

Umbhali ukwabonelela ngentshayelelo ebanzi kwiprogram ye-Android kwiJava. Icacisa imiba ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwe-app yobungcali, ukusuka kugcino lwedatha ukuya kwiinkqubo zangasemva. Le ncwadi ibonisa abafundi indlela yokusebenzisa i-Android Studio ngokufanelekileyo. Le ncwadi ikwaquka indlela yokusebenzisa i-Android SDK, ugcino lwedatha, kunye neeNkonzo ze-Intanethi. Isikhokelo esihle sabaphuhlisi abanomdla beJava, Inkqubo ye-Android kwiJava sisixhobo esihle kakhulu. Ngoxa ufunda ulwimi, uya kufumana uxabiso olunzulu nge-ecosystem ye-Android.

Injongo-C

Ukuba ufuna ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwezixhobo ze-Android, kufuneka uyazi malunga neNjongo-C ye-Android. Injongo-C ithathwe kwi-Smalltalk, ulwimi lokwenza isoftwe. I-syntax yayo ifana kakhulu ne-C, kodwa isebenzisa iSmalltalk-style yemiyalezo. Xa usebenzisa i-Objective-C ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuphunyezwa kunye nojongano njengeebhloko zekhowudi eyahlukileyo. Kufuneka ubeke ujongano kwifayile yeheader kunye nokuphunyezwa kwifayile yekhowudi. Zombini ezi fayile zifana kakhulu neefayile zekhowudi ye-C, ngoko unokufuna ukufunda uxwebhu kuzo zombini phambi kokuba uqalise.

Kukho iingenelo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa i-Objective-C yenkqubo ye-Android. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Swift, olu lwimi kulula ukulufunda, inikeza ukusebenza okugqithisileyo, kwaye kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba kwakhiwe amaqonga amatsha. Ikwakhawuleza kakhulu kune-Objective-C, kodwa ayivuthwanga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, isafumana uhlaziyo lwexesha elizayo kwaye ibangcono ekuhambeni kwexesha. Nokuba iintsilelo zikaSwift, abaphuhlisi banokuzuza ngokuyisebenzisa ecaleni kweNjongo-C.

Ngelixa ulwimi lweJava lolona lwimi ludumileyo lwenkqubo ye-Android, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni xa usebenzisa i-Objective-C ye-Android. Umzekelo, uya kuba nokufikelela kwiseti ebanzi yamathala eencwadi kunye nezixhobo. Injongo-C ikwafikeleleka ngakumbi kuneJava, ukuze ukwazi ukubhala apps zombini iOS kunye Android. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa iJava ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwakho, Kuya kufuneka uqonde i-syntax yayo kwaye usebenzise i-IDE enokuyiqhuba kwizixhobo ze-iOS.

I-Kotlin lulwimi oluvulelekileyo lophuhliso lwe-Android. Yaqanjwa kwi 2011 kwaye yakhululwa kwindawo ephambili yonikezelo oluzinzileyo 2016. Kwi 2017, UGoogle ubhengeze iKotlin njengolwimi lwayo lophuhliso losetyenziso. Kodwa isigqibo ayisosiphelo, njengoko uGoogle ekumlo womthetho kunye ne-Oracle phezu kweJava APIs. Nangona iingenelo zayo ezininzi, isengaphantsi kwi-Objective-C ye-Android programmierung. Ineempawu ezimbalwa kwaye iyacotha kuneJava.

Njengolwimi olungagqibekanga lwezixhobo ze-iOS zikaApple, Injongo-C inethala leencwadi elikhulu kwaye iqhelekile kubo bonke abaphuhlisi be-iOS. Injongo-C lulwimi oluthembekileyo, kwaye akufuneki uyihlaziye rhoqo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iilwimi zokuprograma kwimarike. Nangona kunjalo, ulwimi aluguquguquki kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka ugcine oku engqondweni xa ukhetha ulwimi olufanelekileyo kuphuhliso lwakho lweselula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imbono yakho intsonkothe ​​ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka ukhethe olunye ulwimi lweprojekthi.

Kwakhona kulula kakhulu ukufunda, kwaye akukho nzima ukuqalisa. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba wazi nayiphi na ikhowudi ukuze uqalise, njengoko uya kufumana izifundo zophuhliso lwe-Android kwiNjongo-C ye-Android. Unokukhuphela iNjongo-C ye-Android kwiVenkile yeGoogle Play esemthethweni. Oku kuya kukunceda ufunde ulwimi kwaye wenze isicelo sakho sibe nemveliso ngakumbi. Ungaqala ukubhala usetyenziso lwakho namhlanje!

Ukhawuleza

Ukuba ungumphuhlisi osebenza kwii-apps ze-Android, usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba kufuneka ufunde ukwenza inkqubo kwi-Swift okanye iKotlin. Zombini ezi lwimi zokuprograma ziyimithombo evulekileyo kwaye ziya zithandwa kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka ufunde kuqala? Funda ngakumbi ngazo zombini kweli nqaku. Ukuba sele uqhelene neJava, ungaya phambili kwi-Swift. Kodwa ukuba ujonge into entsha, cinga ngokufunda uKotlin kuqala.

Ulwimi lukhetho olukhulu lokwakha ii-apps eziphathwayo. Isimahla kwaye ivula umthombo kwaye isebenza kuzo zombini izixhobo zeMac kunye ne-iOS. Ikwakuvumela ukuba ube negalelo kwi-Swift Quellcode kwaye ukhuphele iibhinari zeLinux kunye ne-OS X. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ukwenza ikhowudi kwi-Swift, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iilwimi zokucwangcisa ziyafana. I-Swift intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi kuneNjongo-C, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukufunda.

Zombini i-Swift kunye ne-Kotlin ziilwimi zokuprograma ezifanekiselwa ngokwezibalo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-iOS kunye ne-Android apps. I-Kotlin ithathe indawo yeJava njengolona lwimi ludumileyo kuphuhliso lwe-Android. Ihambelana ngokupheleleyo neJava kwaye ihlala iphuhliswa. Kodwa umahluko phakathi kweKotlin kunye neSwift awukho mkhulu, kwaye kufuneka uzisebenzise kuphela ukuba sele uqhelene neJava. Unokukhetha kwakhona ukufunda iKotlin ukuba ufuna enye iSwift okanye iJava.

Ngelixa kufuneka ufunde i-Swift kwikhowudi ye-Android, kungangcono ukuba sele uyayazi iJava. Indawo yenkqubo yemveli ye-Android isebenzisa abahlanganisi be-LLVM, ke ikhowudi yakho yeSwift iya kutolikwa njengayo nayiphi na enye ikhowudi yeC/C ++. Ukongeza koku, Kwakhona uya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa izixhobo zophuhliso zeC/C++, njenge-debugger ekwinqanaba elisezantsi kunye nezixhobo zokuchaza iprofayile. Uya kufuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi ezi lwimi kuba zombini zibhalwe ngenjongo enye: ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android!

Abaphuhlisi be-Android banokukhetha naluphi na ulwimi lwenkqubo oluhambelana neemfuno zabo. I-Swift lolona lwimi ludumileyo lwenkqubo ye-iOS, kodwa ikwalulwimi lwenkqubo olunamandla kakhulu lwe-Android. Umahluko kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa, kwakunye neqonga ababaleka kulo, zibalulekile. Uphuhliso lwe-app ye-iOS lusebenza ngakumbi kuwo omabini amaqonga, kodwa i-Swift ilula ngokubanzi ukuba abadwelisi bafunde. Izinto eziluncedo kwezo lwimi zombini zikufanelekele ukufunda. Eli nqaku licacisa umahluko phakathi kwezi lwimi zimbini, kwaye inika umbono olungileyo wokuba loluphi ulwimi olulungele iimfuno zakho ezithile.

Ii-apps ze-iOS zibhetyebhetye, kwaye inokulungiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho. I-Swift lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kolu hlobo lophuhliso. Ababhali bahamba nawe kuyo yonke inkqubo inyathelo ngenyathelo, ukubonelela ngemizekelo ebonakalayo kunye nokuphepha imigibe endleleni. Unokuthatha ithuba lemigaqo yelayisenisi ye-iOS kunye nezikhokelo, kwaye ufunde malunga neemfuno zenkqubo engqongqo yemvume ye-Apple. Ukuba ukhetha le ndlela, uya kuba usendleleni yokwenza usetyenziso oluyimpumelelo.