Uyenza njani iApp ye-Android

Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ungayenza njani i-app ye-Android, funda uqhubeke. Uya kufunda iziseko zeeNjongo, Umsebenzi Lifecycle Callbacks, Okukhethwayo-Izinto, kunye neKhowudi yeJava. Emva koko, uya kufunda ukwenza usetyenziso olulungiselelweyo oluhlangabezana neemfuno zakho. I-Android-Betriebssystem kusenokwenzeka ukuba idume kubathengi bakho kwaye inyuse ingeniso yakho. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba kulula ukwenza ngokwakho.

Iinjongo

Abaphuhlisi beapp ye-Android banokupakisha iinjongo zabo ukuze bazenze zifumaneke kubasebenzisi. Oku kuvumela i-Android OS ukuba yazi ukuba zeziphi izicelo ezifakwe kwisixhobo, kunye nokuthumela izicelo kwi-app efanelekileyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, injongo inokuthunyelwa kwiiMephu zikaGoogle xa umsebenzisi ekhangela indawo ethile, okanye ikhonkco lentlawulo kwiSMS. Kwimekobume ye-Android, iinjongo zisetyenziselwa ukusuka kwesinye isicelo ukuya kwesinye, kwaye unokuzisebenzisa ukukhangela ngaphakathi kwesicelo.

Iinjongo zisisiseko sonxibelelwano lwenkqubo ye-Android. Iinjongo zingasetyenziselwa ukwalathisa kwenye inkqubo, iisetingi zokuvula, okanye ukuthumela iSMS. Umzekelo wenjongo yindlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-setData. I setDataAndType() indlela ikuvumela ukuba ukhankanye i URI yedatha. Igama layo licacile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inokuseta zombini i-URI kunye nodidi lwe-MIME. Esi sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu sokwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android.

Iinjongo sisixhobo esikhulu sokusebenzisana nezinye izicelo. Ngokusebenzisa ezi nkonzo, i-app yakho inokuqalisa imisebenzi emitsha okanye ifumane esele ikho ukuze ithathe inyathelo. Inokuhambisa imiyalezo kunye nemiyalelo kubamkeli bosasazo. Ukuba i-app yakho ine-API yokubonisa idatha, ungasebenzisa oku. Ukuba i-app yakho ayikabikho, ungasebenzisa amakhonkco anzulu kunye nezicwangciso zeURL yesiko ukuyivula. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane i-app yakho kwaye isebenze ngokukhawuleza.

Iinjongo zisenokuba cacileyo okanye zingafihlwa. Eyangaphambili ichaza umsebenzi okanye icandelo ekufuneka liqalwe kwaye liphele. Okuchasene, Le yokugqibela ichaza isenzo ngokubanzi, kunye nenkqubo ye-Android ihambelana nelo nyathelo kwicandelo elichanekileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa i-app ukubamba ifoto, unokumisela injongo yokwenza njalo. Kwaye, ukuba uzama ukuqalisa usetyenziso olutsha, unokwenza injongo ecacileyo ngenjongo yokuthatha ifoto.

Umsebenzi Lifecycle Callbacks

Ukuba uphuhlisa i-app ye-Android, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ungayisebenzisa njani i-Active Lifecycle Callbacks. Olu luthotho lweendlela ezibizwa ngokuba xa umsebenzi uqala, iyamisa, kwaye iqala kwakhona. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha yesicelo kunye nokwenza idatha engagcinwanga xa umsebenzi ufihliwe okanye uqalwa kwakhona. Basenokubizwa ukuba bakhulule kwiinkonzo zenkqubo ezifana neBluetooth kunye ne-Wi-Fi.

Xa uphuhlisa i-app ye-Android, kuya kufuneka ufunde ukusebenzisa uMsebenzi woBomi boMnxeba wokufowunelwa ukunqanda iingxaki ezininzi kwixesha elizayo. Xa uphuhlisa i-app yakho, Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ezi ziganeko zenzeka nini kwaye ungasabela njani kuzo. Ungasebenzisa i-onStart() indlela yokufumana isaziso xa umsebenzi uqala ukusebenza. OnStart() ibizwa nje emva kwe-onCreate() indlela yenziwe. Le ndlela iya kuvumela umsebenzi wakho ukuba ungene kwindawo yokuqala kwaye ulungiselele ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi.

I-OnStart() indlela ibizwa ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi utshatyalaliswe. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba xa umsebenzi uqalisa, kodwa inokubizwa kwakhona xa umsebenzi uphela. Ukuba umsebenzi awukagqitywa, inkqubo inokuyicima okwethutyana ukukhulula isithuba. Ukugqiba() indlela inokukunceda ukuba wahlule phakathi kwezi meko zimbini. OnStart() kunye ne-OnStop() Iindlela zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokubona umjikelo wobomi bomsebenzi.

OnDestroy() ngumjikelo wokugqibela wokufowunela umsebenzi. Ukuba uyifowunela ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ugqitywe, inkqubo iyakudala entsha. Le callback kufuneka ikhuphe naziphi na izibonelelo ezingakhutshwanga ziicallbacks zangaphambili. Ukufowunela umjikelo wobomi kwakhona kunokukunceda ukulawula ukusebenza kwesicelo sakho. Nangona kunjalo, Kungcono ukusebenzisa ezi fowuni kuphela ukuba uqinisekile ukuba ziya kuba yimfuneko.

Okukhethwayo-Izinto

Ngelixa uphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android, Kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba zisetyenziswa njani na izinto ezikhethwayo. Ukuba awuyazi indlela yokwenza oku, unokufunda ngakumbi ngayo kwesi sikhokelo. Icacisa indlela yokusebenzisa iPreference-Elements ngendlela esisiseko. Ezikhethwayo-Iizinto yindlela yokulungelelanisa useto ngokwamaqela. Zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izicwangciso kwizikrini ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuze usete amaxabiso akhethwayo, kufuneka wenze udidi olusezantsi lwePreference.BaseSavedState kwaye uyigqithise ixabiso le boolean, ebonisa ukuba ixabiso beligcinwe ngaphambili. Emva koko, ungasebenzisa ixabiso eliqhubekayo kwaye uhlaziye i-UI. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa ixabiso elimiselweyo. Nje ukuba ubeke izinto ozikhethayo, ungasebenzisa ezi Preference-Elements.

Ukhetho yeyona nto isisiseko sokwakha kwi-app ye-Android. Imele isicwangciso esithile esinesitshixo-ixabiso lesibini. Umzekelo, Uluhlu lweebhokisi zokukhangela kwicandelo lezicwangciso zosetyenziso luqulathe ibhokisi yokukhangela enye kunye ne HlelaTextPreference ibonisa uluhlu lweebhokisi zokukhangela. Ngokufanayo, i HlelaTextPreference ingasetyenziswa ukugcina ixabiso lombhalo omnye.

Unokusebenzisa i-API yeeNqaku eziKhethekileyo ukwakha i-user-friendly-interface ye-app yakho ye-Android. Ungasebenzisa i-Preference-Elements ukongeza useto olutsha kwaye ulawule esele ikho. Izinto ezikhethwayo zikuvumela ukuba wenze i-UI ye-app yakho ye-Android ehambelana nezinto ozikhethayo kwezinye ii-apps ze-Android.. Unokwenza ujongano lomsebenzisi usebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zodidi olusezantsi loKhenketho kwaye uzibhengeze kwifayile yakho yeXML.

Ukongeza i-node kwi-hierarchy ekhethiweyo kulula kwaye kulula. I-Preference-Elements yi-API enceda abaphuhlisi baphuhlise ii-apps ze-Android ekulula ukuzigcina. Ngale API, unokwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android oluzele ziimpawu. Undoqo kukuqinisekisa ukuba uyayiqonda indlela iPreference-Elements esebenza ngayo kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa kwi-app yakho. Oku kuya kukunceda uphephe ukubhideka kwixesha elizayo.

Ikhowudi yeJava

Ukuba ungumqambi we-Android, mhlawumbi uyazi ngokubaluleka kokusebenzisa ikhowudi yeJava kwizicelo zakho eziphathwayo. Ulwimi luguquguquka kakhulu kwaye lunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka Android kunye iOS. Iyadityaniswa kwakhona kwaye inokufundwa ngokulula. Ufanele ukwazi oku, kuba iJava yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo kuphuhliso lwe-Android app. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi ukuba kutheni kufuneka usebenzise iKhowudi yeJava kuphuhliso lwakho lwe-Android.

Ekuqaleni, kufuneka ufunde isivakalisi esisisiseko seJava. Unokufunda ukwenza iklasi ye-singleton, iiklasi zokubala, kunye neentlobo zojongano ngeJava ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Android Studio. Kungumbono olungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba igama leklasi okanye uhlobo luhambelana nemigaqo yolwimi yokubiza amagama.. Le ndlela, unokwakha ngokukhawuleza i-app yeselula ngokulula.

Isibini, kubalulekile ukuqonda ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo ze-Android. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-Android yimarike eqhekezayo kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo eziqhuba iinkqubo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. Ukuxhasa izixhobo ezininzi kuthetha ukulungiswa okungaphezulu, uvavanyo, kunye neendleko. Ukwengeza, usetyenziso lwakho ludinga ukuxhasa uluhlu lwabenzi boluvo olwahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ze-UI. Kwaye, awufuni ukwenza isicelo seqonga elikhulu ukuba awunalo ulwazi lokusebenzisa onke amaqonga ahlukeneyo.

Ngelixa iJava isaziwa ngekhowudi yayo emfutshane, ayixhasi i-coroutines. Ukuba usebenzisa iKotlin, Uyakwazi ukwandisa iiklasi ezikhoyo kwaye wongeze izimaphambili kumagama azo. Ngelixa iJava ayixhasi imisebenzi yolwandiso, ungazuza njengelifa imisebenzi yeklasi yomzali. I-Kotlin lulwimi olusemthethweni lophuhliso lwe-Android app. Ukongeza kwiJava, uya kufumanisa ukuba i-Kotlin ixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi yemathematika. Ngokufunda iKotlin, Uya kuba nakho ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android olukhawulezayo kwaye olungenabug.

Xamarin

I-Xamarin yinkqubo yophuhliso lwe-cross-platform yokwakha izicelo zeselula. Esi sikhokelo sikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ulwimi oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo kunye nelayibrari yeklasi ekwabelwana ngayo kuwo onke amaqonga. Oku kuluncedo ukuba ufuna ukwenza utshintsho kwi-app yakho, okanye ukuba uneenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zosetyenziso olufanayo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba usebenzisa Xamarin kwi iOS, ungasebenzisa i-iOS SDK kunye neefom zeXamarin ukwenza i-UI engaguqukiyo kuwo wonke amaqonga.

Xamarin apps ukwabelana 75% yekhowudi kwaye banikeze ufikelelo olupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwabo. Bakwasebenzisa iqonga elithile lokukhawulezisa ihardware kwaye banojongano lwabasebenzisi bomthonyama. I-Xamarin lukhetho oluhle lophuhliso lwe-Android app ukuba ujonge isisombululo seqonga. Kulula ukufunda, kwaye ifanelekile kubaphuhlisi abanamava amaninzi ngeC #. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwabaqalayo abafuna ukuqalisa ngophuhliso lwe-app yeqonga.

Ii-apps ze-Xamarin zivela kwizixhobo ze-Android. Nje ngeziphumo, banomgangatho ophezulu we-UI kunye namava omsebenzisi. Nangona kunjalo, icala eliphantsi kweli qonga luphawu lwabo olukhulu, enokucothisa amaxesha okhuphelo. Nje ngeziphumo, abaphuhlisi kusenokufuneka banciphise ubungakanani beapp yabo ukuyigcina ilula. Oku kunokuba lolona khetho lulungileyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi. Kwakhona, uluntu lwaseXamarin luselutsha kwaye lufuna ukukhula. Kusenzima noko ukufumana uncedo, ngoko kuya kufuneka ube nomonde kwesi sixhobo.

IXamarin SDK iphuhliselwe abaphuhlisi nguMicrosoft. Ingumthombo ovulekileyo phantsi kwelayisenisi yeMIT kwaye iyafumaneka njengenxalenye yeVisual Studio. Oku kuthetha ukuba lukhetho olungcono kunamanye amaqonga. Ukufumana kukaMicrosoft kweXamarin ngaphakathi 2016 yenze kwalula ngakumbi ukuyisebenzisa kwaye yavula indlela yophuhliso oluqhubekayo. Nje ngeziphumo, ababhekisi phambili abaninzi ngoku baphendukela Xamarin kuphuhliso app Android.