Uyenza njani inkqubo kwi-Android App

Xa kuziwa ekwenzeni usetyenziso lwe-Android, ukufunda ulwimi olululo lwenkqubo kubalulekile. Iindlela ezisemgangathweni zokuphuhlisa ezi apps zingqongqo kwaye zinciphisa abadwelisi benkqubo’ inkululeko. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukwenza usetyenziso olulula, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuziguqula, Kuya kufuneka ufunde ikhowudi yeJava kunye nolwazi lobugcisa.

Java

Ukucwangcisa i-app ye-Android ayingomsebenzi olula, kwaye ifuna ukuqonda okunzulu kweJava. Ngombulelo, kukho izixhobo zokwakha izixhobo ezinokunceda kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Ukuba awuqhelananga neJava, isikhokelo sabaqalayo kulwimi sinokukunceda ukuba uqalise.

Esi sikhokelo sigubungela izihloko ezibalulekileyo oya kuzifuna ukwenza usetyenziso lobuchwephesha kwi-Android. Nokuba usaqala okanye ufuna isingeniso esicokisekileyo kulwimi, I-Android-App-Programmieren kwiJava iya kukunceda ukuba wakhe kwaye uqalise i-app yakho yokuqala yobungcali ye-Android. Nokuba usebenza nge-app enye okanye usetyenziso lweselula olujolise kubasebenzisi abaninzi, I-Android-App-Programming kwiJava yikhosi efanelekileyo kuwe. Le ncwadi ikwabonelela ngoqeqesho oluphilayo lwe-intanethi kunye nokufikelela kokungaphezulu 200 amaqabane opapasho athembekileyo.

Usetyenziso lwe-Android lunezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Elinye icandelo yiShareActionProvider. Eli candelo liza kukuvumela ukuba wabelane ngomxholo kwisicelo sakho. Ungaqwalasela iklasi ye-ShareActionAction kwiprojekthi yakho ye-Android, emva koko sebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider ukuthumela idatha ukusuka kumsebenzi omnye ukuya komnye.

Kotlin

Ukuba uzama ukufunda indlela yokucwangcisa usetyenziso lwe-Android, uya kufuna ukufunda iKotlin. Lulwimi olubhetyebhetye kakhulu kwaye ixhaswa yi-Android Studio. Ukuba ujonge indlela yokuphuhlisa ii-apps ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula, I-Kotlin yindlela yokuhamba.

I-Kotlin iqokelela kwi-Java bytecode, ke isicelo sakho siya kujongeka kwaye sivakale njengeJava. Iyahambelana nee-AVDs, into ethetha ukuba ungafaka izicelo zeKotlin ngaphandle kokuphinda ubhale izicelo zakho ezikhoyo. Ukuze uqalise, yenza ngokulula ifayile entsha yeKotlin ngokucofa-Lawula ulawulo lwakho losetyenziso kwaye ukhethe “Umsebenzi omtsha weKotlin”.

Emva kokuba ufake iKotlin, kufuneka ucime ulawulo lweJava. Izicelo zeKotlin ziya kuqhuba kwiqonga le-Android njengezicelo zeJava. Ukuba awuqhelananga noKotlin, unokukhuphela usetyenziso lweSitudiyo se-Android ukuze ufunde indlela yokuyicwangcisa.

Olunye ukhetho olulungileyo lwenkqubo ye-Android app yi-XML, ulwimi lophawu. Oku kubhetyebhetye ngakumbi kuneJava kwaye ungabhala usetyenziso lwakho kwi-XML, yilayishe kwizixhobo ze-Android, kwaye uyivavanye kwindawo yokwenyani. Ukongeza, Ii-smartphones ze-Android zinokugcinwa kwangaphakathi kweefayile kunye nedatha encinci.

Injongo-C

Injongo-C yenye yezona lwimi zinamandla zeprogram ye-Android. Ngelixa ingenamandla njengeSwift, kulula ukuyifunda kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-apps ezikhawulezayo. Ukuba ujonge ukufunda indlela yokwenza ikhowudi ye-Android, kufuneka uqale ngeNjongo-C. Zininzi iikhosi ze-intanethi eziya kukunceda ukuba uqalise.

Unokufunda iNjongo-C ngokulandela umzekelo weprojekthi. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iNjongo-C ukwenza owakho umdlalo. Injongo-C ixhaswa zizo zombini i-iPhone kunye ne-Android NDK, kwaye ungayisebenzisa ukufowunela ngokuthe ngqo ikhowudi yeC. Unokufumana iiprojekthi zemizekelo ye-Android.

I-Android ibonelela ngesakhelo sesicelo esityebileyo kunye neelayibrari ze-API ezenza kube lula ukwenza ii-apps ezintsha kunye nemidlalo. Ngoxa i-Swift ilulwimi lwabaqalayo, Injongo-C lulwimi olunamandla lwe-Android kunye nabaphuhlisi be-iOS. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo ngokukhawuleza, ukhuselo, kunye nesimo esingaqhelekanga sokusebenzisana kubalulekile ekudaleni izicelo eziphendulayo kunye nezijongene nabathengi. Ngelixa i-Swift kunye neNjongo-C zombini ziyi-OOP, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi eya kulungela iimfuno zakho.

Ngaphandle kwe-Swift kunye neNjongo-C, I-Apple ikwabonelela nge-Swift. Indawo yophuhliso lweXcode kufuneka ifakwe kwiMac okanye kwikhompyuter yakwaApple. IiMacBooks ziikhompyuter ezicetyiswayo zokufakelwa kweXcode. Ukufumana ukufikelela kwiakhawunti yoMphuhlisi we-Apple, kuya kufuneka ubhalise ngedilesi ye-imeyile kwaye uhlawule 82 I-EUR ngonyaka.

Ukhawuleza

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokufunda i-Swift ye-Android. Enye indlela kukubhalisa kwikhosi ye-intanethi. Ezinye iikhosi zasimahla ziya kukunika iziseko zolwimi, ngelixa ezinye ziya kugubungela izihloko eziphambili. Kukho neentlobo ngeentlobo zeekhosi ze-kostenpflichtig ezikhoyo. Ukuba ungumdwelisi onamava, unokufunda ukwenza ikhowudi kwi-Swift.

Nokuba ufuna ukufunda ulwimi lwe-Android, iOS, okanye zombini, kufuneka uqale uqonde umahluko wobugcisa phakathi kwala maqonga. Lo mahluko ushwankathelwa kwitheyibhile engezantsi. Ngelixa kunokubonakala ngathi kuya kuba ngcono ukwenza ii -apps ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukulungiselela iqonga ngalinye, oku akusoloko kuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Esinye isisombululo esinokubakho yiCross-Platform Programming, ngenye indlela eyaziwa njengokubhala kube kanye kwaye isebenza naphi na.

Ukongeza kwi-Swift, ungasebenzisa nezinye iilwimi uphuhliso Android. Umzekelo, ungasebenzisa iJava, C++, okanye iPython ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android. Zombini ezi lwimi zikuvumela ukuba wenze iindidi ezahlukeneyo zosetyenziso. Unokufunda indlela yokuzisebenzisa usebenzisa izifundo zokufundisa kunye nezinye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

XML umtya

I-XML yenye yeefomati ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kuphuhliso lwe-Android app. Izibonelelo zayo zibandakanya ukuzimela kweqonga kunye nokusebenziseka kalula. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ngakumbi le fomati idumileyo. Amaxwebhu e-XML zizakhiwo zomthi ezinezinto ezininzi, okanye ingcambu element. Isiqalelo ngasinye sinokuba namaxabiso amaninzi, okanye ezahlukeneyo.

Umtya yiyunithi yokugcina idatha ye-XML-Zeichenkett, kwaye yonke iseli kuluhlu iqulethe i element. Le element ibizwa ngokuba ngumqolo, kwaye iqulethe ulwazi malunga nezixhobo zemali. Iintambo ze-XML ziyacalulwa kwaye ziboniswe kumsebenzisi usebenzisa i-DOM-Schnittstelle.

I-XML-Aktiendaten inokufundwa ngendlela entsha fundaXmlAktiendaten. Le ndlela yahlulahlula i-XML-String kwaye ibuyisela i-String-Array equlethe ulwazi lwemali olufanelekileyo. Oku kugqithiselwa kwindlela ye-onPostExecute, ecelwe ngokuzenzekelayo xa umsebenzi we-asynchronous ugqityiwe.

Indlela yokuphila

Kwi-Lifecycle-Methode ye-Android app programming, Umsebenzi ngamnye uqala kwaye uphele. I-Android isebenzisa lo mjikelo wokuphila ukulawula izixhobo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo siphendula ngokukhawuleza kwisicelo somsebenzisi. Ii-apps ezingalandeli umjikelo wobomi zihlala zibonelela ngamava omsebenzisi ahlwempuzekileyo kwaye zisebenzisa izixhobo ngokungeyomfuneko.

Kumsebenzi we-Android, i onPause() Indlela ibizwa ngokuba xa umsebenzi uyekile okanye uyekiswa. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha kwisicelo, bhalisa abaphulaphuli, kwaye uqalise uhlaziyo lwe-UI. Ikwabizwa ngokuba xa umsebenzisi ecofa iqhosha lasekhaya.

I-Lifecycle-Methode yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeprogram ye-Android app. Ngexesha lotshintsho kuqwalaselo, Imeko yoMsebenzi wotshintsho. Oku kutshintsha ukusebenza kwesicelo. Ngoko ke, I-Android ine-API ezinikeleyo yokugcina ilizwe ngexesha lotshintsho loqwalaselo.

I-Lifecycle-Methode ye-Android app programming ikuvumela ukuba uqalise kwaye uyeke uMsebenzi. Umsebenzi unokuqalwa ngawo nawuphi na umsebenzi obhaliswe kwisixhobo. Uninzi lwezicelo ziya kuba nomsebenzi othile. Xa usetyenziso lungasebenzi, i-Android OS ingazama ukuyiqalisa kwakhona kumsebenzi wokugqibela ovuliweyo. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, i-OS inokumisa umsebenzi kwaye ibuyise inkumbulo yayo.

Google App Inventor

I-App Inventor sisixhobo senkqubo esibonakalayo esikuvumela ukuba uphuhlise kwaye usebenzise usetyenziso lwe-Android. Yinkonzo esekwe kwilifu ekufuneka uyisebenzise ngeakhawunti kaGoogle. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubaphuhlisi be-Android. Ikuvumela ukuba wakhe kwaye usebenzise izicelo ezilula nezinzima.

I-App Inventor iyafumaneka njengokukhuphela mahala kuzo zombini iikhompyuter kunye nezixhobo eziphathwayo. Yakube ikhutshiwe, uya kukwazi ukwenza isoftware ilungele iimfuno zakho. Ukusebenzisa i-App Inventor, vula isikhangeli sewebhu kwaye ucofe iqhosha le-App Inventor kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene. Okulandelayo, ngena kwiakhawunti yakho kaGoogle. Kwi-App Inventor, emva koko uya kubona iphepha elibonisa iiprojekthi zakho.

UGoogle App Inventor yaphuhliswa ekuqaleni nguHal Abelson, injineli yesoftware kwiiLabhu zikaGoogle. Wayenombono wokwenza uphuhliso lwe-Android lulula kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Injongo yayikukudala inkululeko, isixhobo esisebenziseka lula esiya kunceda abaphuhlisi be-Android bakhe ii-apps ezintle ngaphandle koncedo lweemeko ezixabisa kakhulu zophuhliso.

I-App Inventor yomzobo wojongano lomsebenzisi ikuvumela ukuba uphonononge kwaye wakhe usetyenziso usebenzisa izinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye neebhloko ezinengqiqo.. Emva kokwakha i-app, Ungawuvavanya kumatshini wenyani ukubona ukuba usebenza njani kwaye zeziphi iintshukumo azenzayo.