Uzicwangcisa njani iiApps ze-Android

Ukuba ungathanda ukwazi ukuba uzifaka njani ii-apps ze-Android, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzazi. Ukuba umtsha ngokupheleleyo kule ndawo, Kufanelekile ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukufunda ezinye zezinto ezisisiseko kuqala. Funda phezulu kwiJava, Iinjongo, ShareActionProvider, kunye ne-XML-Parsing Methode.

Java

Ukucwangcisa usetyenziso lwe-Android akufuneki kube nzima – kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo eziya kukunceda wenze isicelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula. Ekuqaleni, kufuneka ukhuphele isoftware yekhowudi efanelekileyo. Okulandelayo, faka iJava kunye nendawo yophuhliso losetyenziso, njengeSitudiyo se-Android. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba wenze i-app ngokukhawuleza. Uya kufuna kwakhona ukuchaza ubume be-app kunye noyilo. Emva koku, ungakhetha uyilo lojongano.

Unokukhetha kwakhona ikiti yophuhliso lwe-Android app. Ezi zixhobo zilungele abaphuhlisi bokuqala kwaye ziza neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa kunye nezixhobo zokubhekisela. Nje ukuba ukhuphele i-SDK, ungaqala ukuyila kunye nokucwangcisa usetyenziso lwakho lokuqala lwe-Android. I-Android SDK iyimfuneko kubaqalayo, kwaye kukho intabalala yemithombo ye-intanethi yasimahla ekhoyo, kuquka uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo, umbhalo, kunye nemizekelo yevidiyo. Ukuba umtsha kwiprogramu, unako ukujoyina i-CHIP Forum, apho unokubuza imibuzo kunye neengcebiso zokutshintshiselana nabanye abadwelisi benkqubo abanamava.

I-Android Online Kurs ibonelela ngentshayelelo enzulu kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, egubungela yonke imiba eyimfuneko ukwenza i-app yobungcali. Umbhali uhamba nawe kwinkqubo yophuhliso inyathelo ngenyathelo, kwaye icacisa eyona miba ibalulekileyo yokukhowuda i-app yobungcali ye-Android. Isicatshulwa kwakhona sikufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-Android Studio kunye nezinye izixhobo ezininzi. Uya kufunda nendlela yokucwangcisa usetyenziso ngezikrini ezininzi, iinkqubo zangasemva, nokunye okuninzi.

Iinjongo

Ukuba ufuna ukucwangcisa usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android ukuphendula injongo, unokusebenzisa inkqubo yenkqubo yenjongo ye-Android. Iinjongo zingasetyenziselwa ukuqalisa iintshukumo kunye nokuthumela ulwazi kumncedisi. Inkqubo ye-Android intent programmierung ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphumeza oku. Enye yezi ndlela kukusebenzisa iiMephu zikaGoogle.

Iinjongo zisisiseko sezicelo ezininzi ze-Android. Bavumela usetyenziso lwakho ukuba lunxibelelane nezinye iinkqubo, amacandelo, kunye nezixhobo. Zisenokusetyenziswa ukukhangela ngaphakathi kwisicelo, njengaxa umsebenzisi efumana ikhonkco lentlawulo kwiSMS yakhe. Eli nqaku likuvumela ukuba udlulise ulwazi ukusuka kwi-app ukuya kwenye, nakwisicelo esifanayo.

Iinjongo zivumela i-apps zakho ze-Android ukuthumela idatha kwezinye ii-apps, njengeefayile. Unokucela kwakhona ukuba usetyenziso lwakho luvule ifayile kwenye iapp. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukhankanye uhlobo lwe MIME nendawo ye URI. Kungenjalo, ungacela ukwenza uxwebhu olutsha. Logama nje ifayile ilawulwa yenye app, usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android lungathumela idatha kuloo ndawo. Idatha ithunyelwa kumncedisi kusetyenziswa i-URI.

Iinjongo zisetyenziswa kwiiapps ze-Android ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngasemva. Ziluncedo xa ufuna ukuqala umsebenzi wexesha elinye kwaye awudingi ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi. Iinjongo zinokugqithiselwa kwi-startService() indlela yosetyenziso lwakho. Iinjongo zingasetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiyalezo kwezinye ii-apps. Umzekelo, Injongo ingasetyenziselwa ukuxelela enye i-app ukuba ifayile igqibile ukukhuphela kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa. Iinjongo zinokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngentsebenziswano, ngoncedo lwabaFundi boSasazo.

ShareActionProvider

Ukuba ufuna ukwabelana ngomxholo phakathi kwe-apps zakho ze-Android, ungasebenzisa iShareActionProvider. Isebenza ngokubonisa uluhlu lokwabelana ngosetyenziso kwiscreen. Xa umsebenzisi ecofa i icon ye-app, iShareActionProvider iya kwenziwa isebenze.

Le yiwijethi elula kodwa enamandla ekhathalela ukuziphatha kunye nenkangeleko yakho. Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukucacisa isihloko sethagethi yesabelo. I-ShareActionProvider iya kugcina inqanaba leethagethi zesabelo kwaye iya kubonisa elona thagethi lidumileyo kwibar ye-app..

Esi sixhobo sikhulu kubaqalayo ukucwangcisa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Ngesi sixhobo, ungaqhagamshela i-app yakho ye-Android kwinkonzo yewebhu ejoliswe kwi-REST. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa ubonisa idatha. Ii-apps eziphathwayo zenza ixabiso eliphezulu xa zibonakalisa idatha. Nangona kunjalo, idatha ayigcinwanga kwisixhobo ngokwaso – endaweni yoko, ikhutshelwa kwiinkonzo zewebhu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-app.

Kufuneka ube nolwazi lweJava ukuba ufuna ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android. Unokukhuphela i-Android Studio, indawo yophuhliso oluvulelekileyo nguGoogle. Zininzi iitekisi kunye neevidiyo kwi-intanethi ukukunceda ukuba uqalise. Unako kwakhona ukujoyina iforum CHIP ukutshintshiselana ngezimvo nabanye abaphuhlisi.

XML-Parsing Indlela

XML-Parsing yinxalenye ebalulekileyo Android apps programming. Lo ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo kuba iiwebhusayithi ezininzi kunye neeplatifomu zokubloga zisebenzisa ifomathi ye-XML yokwabelana ngolwazi. Iiapps ze-Android kufuneka zazi indlela yokusebenzisa le datha kwisicelo sabo, kwaye le ndlela iyasebenza. Ithatha idatha kwifayile yokubhaliweyo kwaye iyiqhube ngokusebenzisa indlela ejoliswe kwinto. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeepars ze-XML kwi-Android. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yi XMLPullParser. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iyasebenza.

Isampulu ye-app yahlula iithegi ezibekwe kwindlwane ezifana nesihloko, ikhonkco, kunye nesishwankathelo. Ikwanayo nendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-skip(). Le ndlela ikhupha isihloko, ikhonkco, kunye nesishwankathelo esisuka kuxwebhu lweXML. Emva koko iqhubekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukutya kwaye ibuyisele uLuhlu lwamangeno. Xa kusenzeka impazamo ngexesha lokwahlulahlula, i-app iya kuphosa ngaphandle.

Inyathelo lokuqala lokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-XML-Parsing Methode kwi-Android apps programming kukuseta okusingqongileyo. I-Android Studio iyafuneka ekusebenziseni ikhowudi yomzekelo. Awudingi ukusebenzisa inguqulelo yamva nje ye-Android SDK API. Ukwahlulahlula okusisiseko kwe-XML kunye ne-JSON sele ikhona ukusukela ngeentsuku zokuqala ze-Android.

Idatha ye-XML

Mhlawumbi uvile nge-XML-Daten, kwaye unokufuna ukufunda indlela yokucwangcisa kunye nabo ukwenza usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android lube nomdla ngakumbi. I-XML lulwimi lophawu oluqhele ukusetyenziswa kutshintshiselwano lwedatha phakathi kweekhompyuter kunye nezicelo, njengakwiwebhusayithi. Isicelo sakho se-Android siya kukwazi ukufunda nokubhala ezi datha ngohlobo lwe-XML-string, ekufuneka icazululwe ukuze itolikwe.

I-XML-Daten sisiseko senkqubo esekwe kwiXML, kwaye zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ulwimi lune-curve yokufunda ephantsi kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ikwayifomati elula ukuyiqonda, kwaye unokufumana imizekelo emininzi kwi-intanethi. Unokukhuphela iifayile ze-XML kwaye uzivule kumhleli wombhalo we-Android.

Unokufunda i-XML-Daten yee-apps ze-Android ngokuchaza igama lepakethe ye-app yakho kunye nesiqalo. Unokuchaza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nezinto zosetyenziso lwakho.

Ii-Apps zomthonyama vs usetyenziso lwewebhu oluqhubela phambili

Zininzi izibonelelo zokuphuhlisa i-PWA endaweni yosetyenziso lwemveli lwe-Android. Into enye, Ii-PWAs zinokubiza ngaphantsi kakhulu kunee-apps zomthonyama. Kwakhona, Ii-PWAs zinokuphendula kuzo zonke izixhobo. Ngelixa ii-apps zomthonyama kufuneka zenziwe ukuba zilingane nobukhulu obahlukeneyo besikrini, Ii-PWAs ziyilelwe ukusebenza kuso nasiphi na isixhobo.

Ngelixa izicelo zomthonyama zibiza kakhulu ukuphuhlisa, usetyenziso lwewebhu oluqhubekayo lukhawuleza kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa iHTML, CSS, kunye neJavaScript ukwenza usetyenziso. Nangona kunjalo, zibonelela ngokusebenza okulinganiselweyo, njengokungakwazi ukufikelela kwiikhalenda, abafowunelwa, iibhukhimaksi zesikhangeli, kunye neBluetooth.

Nangona ezi ntsilelo, usetyenziso lwewebhu oluqhubelekayo lungathatha ithuba leefitsha zesixhobo. Ngokungafaniyo neapps zomthonyama, Ii-apps zewebhu eziqhubekayo zinokufikelela kuzo zonke iimpawu zesixhobo, kuquka ikhamera, ikhampasi, kunye noluhlu lwabafowunelwa. Ezi zinto zinokukunceda ukuba wenze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi onokuthi uyisebenzise kwaye ingaba lixesha lakho lokutyala imali kuphuhliso.

Usetyenziso lwewebhu oluqhubela phambili lungathumela kwaye lufumane izaziso zokutyhala kwaye lusebenze ngaphandle kweintanethi. Ukwengeza, zingakhiwa kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza. Ezi zixhobo zewebhu zilungele ukuhambisa umxholo kumsebenzisi weselula.

Ukwenza iprojekthi ye-Android Studio

Ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android, Ungasebenzisa Android Studio. Ungasebenzisa iitemplates esele ziyilwe kwangaphambili ukuze uqalise. Emva koko, ungakhetha uhlobo lwesixhobo onqwenela ukujolisa. Unokukhetha kwakhona ubuncinci be-SDK efunekayo ukwakha i-app yakho. Kuya kufuneka wongeze ezinye iifayile kwiprojekthi.

Iiprojekthi ze-Android zineefolda ezahlukeneyo kunye neefayile ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza kokuqulatha ikhowudi yemvelaphi yesicelo sakho, zikwanethala leencwadi. Isiqulathi seefayili se-libs sigcina iifayile zejagi ezongezelelweyo ezifunwayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesicelo. Isiqulathi seefayili se-asethi siqulethe izinto ezinokutsaleka kunye neefayile ezimileyo. Ekugqibeleni, i-gen / ifolda iqulethe ikhowudi yemvelaphi eyenziwe zizixhobo zokwakha ze-Android.

Unokwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android usebenzisa iJava kunye neXML. Ukongeza koku, ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-PHP kunye ne-SQL ukwenza i-backend nokulawula isiseko sedatha. Ukuphuhlisa i-app yakho, uya kufuna i-Android Studio. Nje ukuba uyenzile le nto, ungasebenzisa iJava, XML, okanye i-JSON ukuyila isiphelo sesicelo sakho.

Ifolda ye-src iqulathe iifayile zeJava. Ifolda ye-lib iqulethe iifayile zejagi ezongezelelweyo ezisetyenziswa yi-Android. Isiqulathi seefayili se res sigcina izixhobo zangaphandle zesicelo sakho, njengemifanekiso, Uyilo lwefayile ze-XML, kunye neefayile ezimanyelwayo. Ngaphezu koko, ifolda ye-mipmap kulapho uya kubeka khona i icon ye-app yakho. Ngokufanayo, kufuneka ubeke ezinye ii-asethi ezinokutsalwa kwiincwadi zabo ezineenkcukacha.