Ungazicwangcisa njani iiNkqubo ze-Android ngeJava

Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba ungayenza njani i-app ye-Android, AWUKHO wedwa. Kukho itoni yezibonelelo ezikhoyo kwi-Intanethi, kunye ne-Android apps programming ayinjalo. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda malunga neziseko zophuhliso lwe-Android, iShareActionProvider, Umsebenzi Lifecycle Callbacks, kunye nokuninzi. Uyakufunda kwakhona ngomahluko phakathi kosetyenziso lweNative kunye neProgressive Web Apps.

Java

Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba ungazicwangcisa njani ii -apps ze-Android, impendulo ilula kakhulu – kufuneka ufunde iJava! Usetyenziso lwe-Android lunamacandelo amabini: Umsebenzi kunye neMbono. Umsebenzi uchaza umzobo ongaphezulu kunye nokusebenza kwe-app, ngelixa imboniselo iqulethe ikhowudi yeJava emisela ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa iqhosha licofa. Omabini amacandelo asebenza kwizixhobo ezihambelana ne-Android. Esi sifundo siya kukunceda ufunde ukucwangcisa usetyenziso lwe-Android ngeJava!

Le ncwadi ikufundisa iziseko zeJava zophuhliso lwe-Android, okuyimfuneko ukuba ufuna ukwenza i-app yobungcali. Iqala nge-Android-Richtlinies yoYilo lwesiNxulumanisi soMsebenzisi, kwaye iphela ngosetyenziso olunesibali-xesha. Uya kusebenzisa iJava ukwenza usetyenziso, kwaye uya kufumana amava amaninzi kwinkqubo! Ikwagcwele iingcebiso eziluncedo ukwenza usetyenziso lwakho lube yimpumelelo, ngokunjalo.

Inkqubo yokufunda ukwenza inkqubo ye-Android apps iqala ngokubhalisa njengomphuhlisi kuGoogle. Uya kuhlawula umrhumo wexesha elinye ngale nkonzo, kodwa emva koko, unganikezela ngeapps zakho zokukhuphela okanye ukuthengiswa, kwaye uGoogle uthatha isibonelelo kwintengiso nganye. Inkqubo ye-Android ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-Android SDK, kwaye iJava sisixhobo esikhulu sale nto. Unokufunda ngokulula iJava ngokulandela la manyathelo.

ShareActionProvider

I-ShareActionProvider ye-Android apps programmieren ibonelela ngendlela yokuba abaphuhlisi babonise idatha yesitokhwe kwizicelo zabo. I-API ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bongeze i-ShareActionActivity kunye neeklasi ze-ShareActionProvider kwiiprojekthi zabo ze-Android. I-API inika kwakhona amandla okuthumela idatha kwezinye izicelo. Ukusebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider yee-apps ze-Android, qala wenze iprojekthi ye-Android kwaye emva koko uyiqhagamshele kwiPC yakho nge-ADB. Oku kuya kudala iprojekthi entsha onokuthi uyifake kwisixhobo esiqhagamshelwe. Nje ukuba wenze iprojekthi yakho entsha, emva koko ungaqala ukwenza ikhowudi.

Ungasebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider yeeapps ze-Android ukubonisa i icon yokwabelana kwi-ActionBar yosetyenziso lwakho. I-ShareActionProvider iya kudala umbono womsebenzisi ukuba abone xa babelana ngedatha. Ikwabonisa i-submenu edwelisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokwabelana. Kuyenzeka ukuseta injongo yezi zenzo. Ungongeza intshukumo kwiActionBar ukuba ufuna umsebenzisi abone umyalezo obazisa ngengxaki.

I-ShareActionProvider ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba banikeze uxanduva lwenkangeleko yento kunye nokuziphatha. Ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe ii-apps zotyalo-mali ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngomxholo wabo nezinye ii-apps. I-ShareActionProvider ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba babandakanye amakhonkco kwiwebhusayithi ye-ShareActionProvider ngaphakathi kwee-apps zabo. Usetyenziso lweNkqubo ngeShareActionProvider ye-Android

Umsebenzi Lifecycle Callbacks

Ukuphumeza uMsebenzi woBomi bokufowuna kwi-app yakho ye-Android, Kuya kufuneka uyazi indlela yokusebenzisa i-API ye-android. Isistim inokufowunela iindlela zokuQalisa kunye ne-OnStop ngaphezulu kwakanye kubomi bomsebenzi. Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi uzakutshintsha ukusuka kokubonakalayo ukuya efihliweyo, Ukutshintshana phakathi kwe-OnCreate kunye ne-OnStop. Ukubona xa umsebenzi utshatyalalisiwe, khangela imiyalezo ye-logcat. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana indlela oyifunayo, kufuneka ucinge ngokwandisa i-API.

Kwi-Android, uhlala ucela kwiStart() ukungenisa umsebenzi kwindawo esebenzayo. Ukuba umsebenzi usemva, kwi Misa() uya kubizwa. Ngokufanayo, kwiMisa() ibizwa xa umsebenzi uvaliwe. Zombini ii-callbacks zisetyenziselwa ukukhulula izixhobo kunye nokugqiba nayiphi na eminye imisebenzi ethatha ixesha. I-Android ikwaphumeze iziqinisekiso zokuba i-onStop() indlela ibizwa.

Ubomi be-android buvezwe kwizicelo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yelungu le-callback. Ezi callbacks zilandela uhlobo “isitaki” kwaye kubonakala ngathi yenzeka ngolandelelwano lwe-nonnhierarchical. Bakwaqaphela izinto emazisingathwe kwinqanaba ngalinye. Ukuze usebenzise ngokufanelekileyo uMsebenzi woMjikelo wokuFowunela iiFowuna, kufuneka usebenzise iNativeActivity okanye native_app_glue. Mininzi imizekelo yezi zimbini.

Ii-Apps zomthonyama vs usetyenziso lwewebhu oluqhubela phambili

Omnye wowona mahluko uphambili phakathi kweProgressive Web Apps (PWA) kunye neZicelo zoMthonyama liqonga labo lokuphumeza. Ngelixa ii-apps zomthonyama zidalwe ukuba ziqhube ngqo kwisixhobo se-OS, Ii-PWAs zakhiwe kusetyenziswa ubugcisa bewebhu. Zisebenza kwiziphequluli kwaye ke ziyakwazi ukuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingabizi. Ngokungafaniyo nezicelo zomthonyama, nangona kunjalo, abafuni ukuqinisekiswa kwevenkile yosetyenziso. Zinokuphuhliswa kwaye ziqaliswe ngokukhawuleza kuneapps zemveli, kodwa umphuhlisi kufuneka akhe zombini iinguqulelo ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza kwezi yantlukwano, inkqubo yophuhliso idla ixesha elininzi kwi apps zomthonyama. Ii-apps zomthonyama zihlala zithatha ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa kune-PWAs, kodwa ngokubanzi basabela ngakumbi. Kuba kufuneka baphumelele iinkqubo zokuphonononga, Ii-apps zomthonyama kunzima ukuzikhulula kwaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iiapps zomthonyama nazo zinosetyenziso oluphantsi lwebhetri kuneePWAs. Ukwengeza, kulula ukuzigcina kunePWAs. Ii-apps zomthonyama nazo zinemigangatho emibini yokukhuphela umsebenzi, ukwenza kubelula kakhulu kubaphuhlisi ukutshintsha umxholo ngaphandle kokuthumela kwakhona iprojekthi.

Nje, Iiapps zomthonyama lolona khetho lukhethwayo kubaphuhlisi kuba banokufikelela kwiifitsha ezininzi zesixhobo. Ezi apps zakhiwe kusetyenziswa ulwimi oluthile lokuprograma kwaye zilungiselelwe ukuba zisebenze kwisixhobo. Ii-apps zomthonyama zikwathembeke ngakumbi kwaye zikhuselekile kunabo basebenza nabo be-PWA. Nje ngeziphumo, bakhuseleke ngakumbi kunabalingane babo, kwaye ukusebenza kwabo kungcono kakhulu. Ngoko ke yeyiphi engcono? Funda ukuze ufumanise!

Ukuphuhlisa i-app ye-Android kufuna i-developmentsumgebung

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufaka ikhowudi kwisicelo se-Android, kubalulekile ukuqonda amacandelo ahlukeneyo eqonga le-Android kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi zeprogram ezisetyenziswayo. I-Android liqonga elicandeke kakhulu elineentlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Isixhobo ngasinye sineseti eyodwa yeemvume, kwaye isicelo ngasinye kufuneka sibhengeze ezi mvume kwikhowudi yesicelo ngokusebenzisa isiqalelo semvume yokusebenzisa kunye ne-Android:uphawu lwemvume.

Ukuqalisa, i-app ye-Android ibhengeza ihardware kunye neempawu zesoftware eza kuzisebenzisa, kunye neelayibrari ze-API eza kuzisebenzisa. Isicelo esiqhelekileyo se-Android sibandakanya i-icon, Igama legama lodidi oluqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo lodidi oluphantsi, kunye neleyibhile eya kubonakala kumsebenzisi. La macandelo abizwa ngokuba yimithombo kwikhowudi ye-Android app. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, Usetyenziso lunokwenzelwa ulungelelwaniso lwesixhobo esahlukileyo.

Ukufunda ukwenza inkqubo ye-Android app ayingomdlalo womntwana

Inani lezixhobo ze-Android ezisebenzayo liyamangalisa. Inyaniso, nazi 2.6 izixhobo ezibhiliyoni kwihlabathi jikelele, ukwenza umsebenzi wokudala i-app ubonakale njengento engenangqondo. Kotlin, ulwimi lwangoku lwenkqubo ye-Android, iyacetyiswa ngeempawu zayo zonxibelelwano kunye nekhowudi yokhuseleko. Unokufunda i-Kotlin kwi-intanethi simahla okanye ubhalise kwiprogram yeklasi yekhosi ekhokelwa ngumhlohli.

Umntu wokuqala olungileyo unokuqalisa ngokufunda iziseko usebenzisa isifundo. Umzekelo, Iyure yeKhowudi – Android Apps nguGoogle yindawo elungileyo ukuqala. Ifundisa imigaqo esisiseko, kodwa ayigxininisi kulo naluphi na ulwimi olunye lwenkqubo. Nokuba loluphi ulwimi olukhethayo, uya kufunda malunga nolwakhiwo lwedatha, ezahlukeneyo, kunye neelophu. Oku kukunceda ukuba wakhe usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo ngokukhawuleza.