Kotlin Vs Java yoPhuhliso lwe-Android

Xa kuziwa kuphuhliso lwe-Android, ungakhetha phakathi kweJava kunye neKotlin. I-Kotlin lulwimi lwangoku kwaye oluguquguqukayo olungahambelani kuphela ne-Android kodwa kunye ne-iOS. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba loluphi ulwimi lwenkqubo onokuthi ukhethe, jonga iingcebiso zethu ukuze uqalise. Uya kufumanisa ukuba i-Kotlin ineenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kweJava. Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba kutheni. Uya kumangaliswa ukuba kulula kangakanani ukwenza usetyenziso ngeKotlin.

I-Kotlin ikhuseleke ngakumbi kuneJava

Nokuba ujonge ukutshintshela kwiJava ukusuka kwiKotlin yophuhliso lweAndroid, unezinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni. Ngomnye, Kuya kufuneka ufunde iziseko zeJava ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise kwiiapps zakho. Nangona kukho inani lezibonelelo ezifundisa iKotlin, ezi zibonelelo zinqabile xa kuthelekiswa nezo zeJava. Ukufunda iJava kuya kukunceda ukuba ukhululeke ngakumbi usebenzisa iKotlin kwiiapps zakho ezantsi kumgca.

Esinye isizathu sokusebenzisa i-Kotlin endaweni yeJava yophuhliso lwe-Android kukusebenzisana kwayo neJava. Ungasebenzisa ikhowudi yeKotlin kwiprojekthi efanayo nekhowudi yeJava, kwaye zombini iilwimi zinokubiza iiklasi zomnye kunye neendlela. Kuba iKotlin imfutshane kuneJava, kulula ukwenza ikhowudi kunye nokugcina, eyenza kube lula ukukhokelela kwiimpazamo kunye nemiba yokusebenza. Ukwengeza, ababhekisi phambili banokuqonda ngokulula ikhowudi yeKotlin ukuba baqhelene neJava.

Ulwimi ngokwalo kulula ukulufunda nokuqonda, ngoko ungabhala izicelo zakho ngexesha. Nangona kunjalo, esi ayisosisombululo silungileyo somphuhlisi omtsha. Abaphuhlisi beJava kufuneka bagxile kwiJava kangangoko kunokwenzeka. I-syntax yayo ilungele ngakumbi kwaye iya kuvumela amava angcono eselula. Ngaphezu koko, I-Kotlin lulwimi olulula kakhulu lokuqulunqa. Ngaphaya koko, isebenzisa i-JVM endaweni yolwimi olusisiseko, iyenza ibe lukhetho olungcono kubaphuhlisi.

Ngelixa iJava lolona lwimi ludumileyo, ayinalo uphuhliso loluntu olukhulu njengeKotlin. Oko kuthetha ukuba abaphuhlisi beKotlin baya kukwazi ukufumana imali eninzi ngeeprojekthi zabo. Xa kuthelekiswa neJava, Abaphuhlisi beKotlin bafumana imali eninzi, nge Kotlin kubenza $59k ngonyaka xa kuthelekiswa $50k kubaprogram benkqubo Java. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kumacala omabini engqekembe.

Ngaphezu koko, I-Kotlin lulwimi lwenkqubo oluyonwabisa ngakumbi kuneJava. Kuyonwabisa ngakumbi ukusebenzisa kuneJava, eneziphene ezininzi, kuquka ukunqongophala koyilo vs. isakhiwo. Iiprogram zeJava zisebenzisa imigca emininzi yekhowudi, kodwa i-Kotlin ilula ukufunda nokugcina kuneemveliso zeJava. Oku kukwanciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko ezibandakanyekayo kuphuhliso. Ukongeza, Abaphuhlisi beKotlin bakufumana kulula ukufumana iibugs kunenkqubo yeJava.

Enye inzuzo ephambili yeKotlin kukuphinda isetyenziswe. Ungayisebenzisa ukwenza izicelo ze-Android ngokukhawuleza. Inokuguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka C ++ kunye Java. I-Kotlin nayo ikhuselekile kuneJava ngeendlela ezininzi. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iKotlin ukwenza ii -apps ezinqamlezayo. Abaphuhlisi beKotlin baya besanda ukuba ziinkokeli zamashishini kwaye bakha ii -apps zabo ngayo. Izizathu zolu mfuduko zininzi.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweJava kunye neKotlin kukuba iJava ivumela iireferensi ezingenanto. KwiKotlin, ireferensi engeyiyo luhlobo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba naluphi na utshintsho lunokuba nexabiso elingenanto. Ngelixa iJava ivumela amakhadi asendle, I-Kotlin isebenzisa inkqubo yohlobo ukwahlula phakathi kweembekiselo ezingasebenziyo nezingatshitshiyo. Ezi zinto zimbini zivumela iKotlin ukuba ikhuseleke kuneJava kuphuhliso lwe-android.

I-Kotlin inokukulungiselela kwi-Android, kodwa nakwi-iOS

Ngelixa iJava lolona lwimi ludumileyo lwenkqubo ye-Android, kukho ezinye iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-Kotlin yeeapps eziphathwayo ngokunjalo. Uluntu lwalo olukhulu lomphuhlisi lukwenza kube lula ukufumana inkxaso yezobugcisa kuzo naziphi na iingxaki. Ukuba uyazi Java, ungaphuhlisa naluphi na uhlobo losetyenziso, nokuba kunzima kangakanani. I-Kotlin lulwimi lwenkqubo oluphuhliswe yi-JetBrains, abenzi be-IDE IntelliJ IDEA eyaziwayo. Iqela le-Android lisanda kwazisa inkxaso yabo esemthethweni yeKotlin.

Nangona kukho umahluko, zombini iOS kunye Android app uphuhliso ziyafana. Ukuba uyazi uKotlin, uya kuziva usekhaya nakweyiphi na kwezi meko. I-Android isebenzisa i-Android SDK, ngelixa i-iOS isebenzisa i-Xcode ye-Apple. Zombini ziyahambelana neKotlin kunye neSwift. Ukusebenzisa zombini kunokuba lukhetho oluhle ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba loluphi ulwimi lwenkqubo olulungele iprojekthi yakho.

I-Kotlin ihluke kwiJava kuba ibeka iindidi zedatha emva kwegama eliguquguqukayo. Ngenxa yohlobo lwayo lokucinga, ikuvumela ukuba ushiye uhlobo okanye i-semicolon xa kungekho mfuneko. Ikwaxhasa inkqubo yenkqubo kunye ne-funcinal programming, ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise umsebenzi ongundoqo njengendawo yokungena kwisicelo sakho. Umsebenzi oyintloko kwakhona ikuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi engaphantsi.

Ngelixa uJulia eyona nto yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizifundo, I-Kotlin isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiapps eziphathwayo. I-syntax yolwimi ifundeka lula kwaye yenza abaphuhlisi bakwazi ukwakha ii -apps eziphathwayo zeplatform-aware. Ukongeza kuJulia, kukho iipakethe ezininzi zokuhlalutya idatha. NumPy, Iipanda, kunye neJupyter Notebooks zimbalwa zeepakethe ezidumileyo.

I-Android kunye ne-iOS ziyafana ngendlela ezisebenzisa ngayo ulwimi olufanayo. I-Android inesakhelo solwimi oluqhelekileyo kunye nolwimi lweJava. Unokufunda iKotlin kwaye uyisebenzise ukwenza ii -apps zombini. Njengoko usenokuba uqaphele, I-Kotlin ilula ukuyisebenzisa kunezinye iilwimi. Inzuzo ephambili yokusebenzisa olu lwimi yinto yokuba ikuvumela ukuba wenze ii -apps ezinekhowudi encinci, leyo ilungile kumphuhlisi weapp ephathwayo.

Ngelixa usenokusebenzisa iJava kunye nePython ukuba awuyithandi iRuby kunye nePython, ungafuna ukuqwalasela ukufunda iKotlin kunye neTypeScript yophuhliso lweqonga lomnqamlezo. Izibonelelo ze-Kotlin zophuhliso lwe-app ye-iOS kukuba ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba baqhubeke nokusebenza ngendlela yabo eqhelekileyo ngelixa bedibanisa ikhowudi yemveli kunye nengqiqo yezoshishino kumaqonga amaninzi.. Oku kunokwenza utshintsho ukusuka kwi-Swift ukuya kuphuhliso lwe-iOS lube lula kakhulu kubaphuhlisi.

I-Visual Studio inezixhobo ezininzi zokukunceda kuphuhliso lwakho lwe-Android. Iziko le-app linokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo umjikelo wobomi besicelo. Isimahla ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ixhasa iilwimi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa. I-IDE ibonisa i-IntelliCode ukuhlalutya umxholo wekhowudi. I-IntelliCode ijonga amagama ahlukeneyo, imisebenzi kunye nokuhamba kwekhowudi. Ikwabonelela ngekhowudi yokuqonda kunye nolwazi. Umhleli wekhowudi unamandla kakhulu kwaye uxhasa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

I-Kotlin inokukulungiselela kwi-Android

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ukwenza inkqubo kwi-Android, I-Kotlin inokuba ilungile kuwe. I-Kotlin lulwimi lwangoku lwenkqubo olusekwe kwiJava. Ungayisebenzisa ngokudibeneyo neJava ukwakha ii -apps ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nojongano. Iplagi ye-Kotlin yeJava inokufakwa kwi-Eclipse, Ndiyayiqonda ingcamango, kunye neGradle. Nje ukuba ugqibile ukufunda iziseko, ungaqhubela phambili kwimiba entsonkothileyo yolwimi.

IJava kunye neKotlin zombini zineenzuzo kunye neengxaki zabo. IJava isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezifana neJava kwaye iKotlin ifana kakhulu nayo. IJava lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo ngakumbi, kunye neKotlin ikuvumela ukuba wenze ikhowudi esebenzayo ngakumbi. Java, kwelinye icala, ifuna izibonelelo ezininzi, nto uKotlin angenayo. Nangona kunjalo, zombini iKotlin kunye neJava zixhaswa ngokubanzi yi-Android Studio.

Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ngeMVC-imodeli yakudala kukuba kufuneka ufowunele indlela yokufumanaViewById kuyo yonke imboniselo enye.. Lo ngumthombo oqhelekileyo weempazamo kwaye ubhoxa ikhowudi yakho. Enye indlela kukudala imodeli yokujonga enye kwaye emva koko ubize iqhekeza ngalinye kumsebenzi owahlukileyo. Kodwa esi ayisosisombululo silungileyo. Esona sisombululo kukudala imodeli enye kunye nemodeli yokujonga nganye.

Enye i-drawback yeJava kukuba kufuneka usebenzise isisongelo kwiintlobo zamandulo. I-Kotlin isebenzisa izinto kwaye iphatha zonke iintlobo njengezinto. Njengokuba, Kufuneka usebenzise umsebenzisi we-val kwizinto eziguquguqukayo zokufunda kuphela kunye ne-var yeenguqu ezinamaxabiso. Lo msebenzisi uyakuvumela ukuba utshintshe ixabiso loguqulo, njengobudala bomsebenzisi. I-Kotlin ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uluhlu ngokusebenzisa uluhluKu() kunye nezantsiKu() abaqhubi.

I-Kotlin ikwaxhasa ukungasebenzi, eyingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiJava. Ngelixa abasebenzisi beJava kufuneka bajonge ngesandla amakhonkco angenanto, I-Kotlin iyenza ngokuzenzekelayo le nkqubo. Ngokungafaniyo neJava, Kananjalo ayifuni abaphuhlisi ukuba basebenzise problemumgehung. Ngokungafaniyo neJava, I-Kotlin icwangcisa zonke izinto ukuba zingasebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo, ngoko akuyi kufuneka uyenze ngesandla.

Ii-Android-Apps aziphuhliswanga ngetekhnoloji enye. Endaweni yoko, zidalwe ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yeelwimi zokucwangcisa. Omnye wabo nguKotlin, olululwimi lwenkqubo olukhethwa nguGoogle. Ukwengeza, Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-XML, ekuvumela ukuba uchaze izinto ezahlukeneyo kuxwebhu lokubhaliweyo. Ngelixa i-XML ingalawuli ukuhamba kwesicelo, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza icace indlela uxwebhu lokubhaliweyo olusebenza ngayo.

Kukho kwakhona ii-apps ezixubileyo, esebenza ngaphakathi kwibhrawuza. Zihlala zitshiphu ukuphuhlisa nokugcina kuneapps zemveli. Ukwengeza, Ii -apps ezixubileyo kulula ukuzigcina kuneapps zemveli, efuna inkqubo eyahlukileyo. Ungazisebenzisa kwiinkqubo ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, Ii -apps ezixubileyo azifikeleli kuyo yonke imisebenzi yeGerat kwaye ayinakuba bhetyebhetye. Kananjalo banomsebenzi ophantsi xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zomthonyama.