Funda i-Android App Programming ngeJava, Injongo-C, Okanye i-Swift

Usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kweJava, Injongo-C, kwaye uSwift nguye. Kulungile, eli nqaku liza kukunika ukuqonda okusisiseko kwezi lwimi. Uya kufunda nokuba kutheni omnye ebhetele kunomnye. Ukuba ujonge ukwenza i-app enkulu ye-Android kubathengi bakho, eli nqaku kufuneka lifundwe. Icandelo elilandelayo liya kubandakanya i-Kotlin kunye neNjongo-C, kunye nendlela ezithelekisa ngayo. Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba ezi lwimi zingakunceda njani wenze i-app enkulu yabathengi bakho!

Java

Ukuba ucinga ukwenza i-app ye-Android, Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokufunda iJava. IJava lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Android. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukufumana ukuqonda okuphambili, ungasebenzisa kwakhona izixhobo zokwakha usetyenziso. Ezi zixhobo ziya kukufundisa ukwenza usetyenziso oluhlukeneyo usebenzisa i-Android. NgeJava, Uya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa i-emulator ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba kufuneka ufunde iJava okanye hayi, Nalu uluhlu lwezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo kwiprogram ye-Android.

Ukuba ujonge uqeqesho oluphambili lomphuhlisi we-Android, indawo entle yokuqalisa yikhosi yophuhliso lwe-Android. Ukongeza kwiJava, Uya kufunda malunga nesitudiyo esidumileyo se-Android. Le khosi yophuhliso lweapp yasimahla iya kukufundisa ukwenza iiapps ze-Android ngezona zixhobo ziqhelekileyo zophuhliso lweapp. Uya kufunda iJava, olona lwimi ludumileyo locwangciso lophuhliso lwe-Android, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa iKotlin, enye yeelwimi ezintsha zikaGoogle zokucwangcisa.

Nje ukuba uyibambe ngokuqinileyo iJava, uya kuba ukulungele ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo, oluluhlelo lwemveli lwe-Android app. Ngelixa le khosi ifuna ukuba ufunde indlela yokusebenzisa i-Android Studio, Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufunde iJava njengesiseko sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwe-Android. Iforamu ye-CHIP ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, kuquka nezikhokelo, izifundo, kunye neeforam. Ukuba uziva ubambekile, ungasoloko ukubuza imibuzo kwi Forum CHIP.

Kotlin

Xa kuziwa kwiprogram ye-Android app, IJava lulwimi olukhethiweyo kuninzi lwabaphuhlisi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezininzi iilwimi zangoku zocwangciso ezinokuqhutywa kuMatshini weJava Virtual, kuquka iKotlin. Olu lwimi lu 100% iyahambelana neJava, kunye nekhowudi ebhalwe kwi-Kotlin itshintshe ngokupheleleyo kunye nekhowudi yeJava. I-syntax nayo iyilelwe ukuba ifane kangangoko kwiJava. Ngesi sizathu, I-Kotlin ifumana ngokukhawuleza ukuthandwa phakathi koluntu lweJava.

Nangona ukuthandwa kwayo, olu lwimi alukavuthwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba lusetyenziswe ngokwalo. Ngalo nto, kucetyiswa ukuba abaphuhlisi basebenzise i-Android Studio okanye izixhobo ze-IntelliJ IDEA zabo zeprogram ye-Android app. I-Kotlin isimahla, compact, kwaye kulula ukufunda. Ikhosi yenziwe ngumxube wolwazi olusebenzayo, imithambo elebhu, kunye nokufunda ngezandla. Ikhosi ikwaquka yonke imiba ye-Android SDK.

Ulwimi lweKotlin yi-bytecode efana neJava, ngoko iyahambelana nezixhobo ze-Android. Kuya kufuneka uqalise kwakhona i-Android Studio emva kokufaka iKotlin kwisixhobo sakho se-Android. Kuya kufuneka uqwalasele i-Android Studio ukuze ikwazi ukuqhuba kwaye iqonde ikhowudi yeKotlin xa udala iprojekthi entsha.. Xa uqala ukuqala, kufuneka ukhethe uhlobo lweprojekthi yoMsebenzi ongenanto.

Injongo-C

Kuyenzeka ukuba wenze usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android kwi-Objective-C, ulwimi olunamandla olunokukunceda wenze ezona apps zilungileyo zesixhobo sakho. Nangona ingenamandla njengeSwift, kulula ukuyifunda kwaye inokwenza ii-apps zakho zikhawuleze. Unokufunda ukwenza inkqubo kwiNjongo-C ngenyanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufunda i-Swift kuya kukunika inzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kokufunda i-Objective-C.

Ekuqaleni, kufuneka uqonde umahluko phakathi kwe-iOS kunye ne-Android. Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini zokusebenza zichazwe ngezantsi. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwala maqonga mabini kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwawo. Usenokungafuni ukuphuhlisa i-app efanayo kuwo omabini amaqonga, okanye awufuni ukuba iapp yakho ijonge ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombini iinkqubo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba usetyenziso lwakho luya kujongeka ngendlela efanayo kuzo zombini iinkqubo, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ulandela iziKhokelo zoNxibelelwano lwaBantu kunye nezikhokelo zoYilo lweMaterial. Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukwenza i-app yawo omabini amaqonga, ayikhuthazwa.

Ukuba ungumqali kwaye ufuna ukwenza iprogramablauf esisiseko kwi-Android, unokufunda iNjongo-C ngexesha elifutshane. Ukuba unolwazi lweJava, unokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwikhowudi yeJava. Kungenjalo, kuya kufuneka ufunde ulwimi olutsha. Ukuba nokuqonda kakuhle kweNjongo-C kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa ngempumelelo ii-apps ze-Android. Zininzi iikhosi ze-intanethi ezinokukunceda ukuba ufunde olu lwimi.

Ukhawuleza

Ugqibe ekubeni ufunde iprogrammieren ye-Android app nge-Swift. Kodwa uqala phi? Eli nqaku liza kukunika amacebiso anokukunceda. Nokuba loluphi ulwimi lwenkqubo olufundayo, Uya kufuna ukuqonda okuqinileyo kweengcamango ezisisiseko zeprogram. Ukuze uqalise, khuphela i-app-bakasten, isixhobo sokwakha usetyenziso, kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ukwenza inkqubo. Emva koko, uya kuba kakuhle kwindlela yakho yokwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android kungekudala.

Ngelixa unokufunda iSwift ngoncedo lwezifundo, unokuba ngcono xa usebenzisa i-tutorial ozifundisayo okanye isixhobo sokwakha usetyenziso. Umzekelo, i-Swift Playgrounds app sisixhobo esiluncedo sokufunda ulwimi. Inezifundo ezahlukeneyo ezinokukukhokela inyathelo ngenyathelo. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo ibandakanya algorithms nzima, imisebenzi, kunye nemiyalelo. Njengenzuzo eyongezelelweyo, kusimahla ukukhuphela.

Ukuba ungathanda ukuzama inkqubo yeSwift ngaphandle kokutyala imali kwindawo yophuhliso, ungazama ukufunda iJava ngokwakho. Kukho izifundo ezininzi zasimahla kwi-intanethi. Ezi apps ziluncedo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, nangona zinejiko lokufunda eliphakamileyo kuneelwimi eziqhelekileyo zokucwangcisa. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukugcina imali, ungakhetha isixhobo sokwakha se-kostenpflichtig esifana ne-AppConfector. Unokukhuphela ezinye izifundo zasimahla, ezo zihambele phambili ngokubanzi kunezifundo eziqhelekileyo.

XML umtya

Ulwimi Lophawulo olwandisiweyo (XML) yifomati esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwe-Android app. Iinzuzo zayo kukuba iqonga elizimeleyo kwaye lisebenziseka lula. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza iziseko ze-XML kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukwenza i-XML-Zeichenkette elula. Kwicandelo lokuqala siza kuchaza i-XML-Format kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo kwii-apps ze-Android.

Amaxwebhu e-XML zizakhiwo zemithi. Uxwebhu ngalunye luqulunqwe yingcambu kunye nezinto ezininzi zomntwana. Isibhengezo se-XML sichaza inguqulelo ye-XML. Amaxwebhu e-XML anokuqulatha iingcambu ezininzi kunye nezinto ezininzi zomntwana. Umzekelo, a “isihloko” isiqalelo sinokuqulatha iintambo ezininzi. Ukuba uguqulo lunamaxabiso amaninzi, ingcaciso yomtya ingasetyenziselwa ukuzigcina.

Ukufunda idatha kwi-XML-Zeichenketten, kufuneka usebenzise indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi aktiendataXmlString. Ekuqaleni, kufuneka ufunde i XML-String kumncedisi we web. Okulandelayo, kufuneka udale i-String-Array equlethe ulwazi olufanelekileyo lwemali. Le nto izakugqithiselwa kwindlela ye-onPostExecute ngokuzenzekelayo.

Indlela yokuphila

Xa inkqubo isicelo Android, kufuneka uqonde ingqikelelo yeLifecycle-Methode, enokuchazwa ‘njengomjikelo wobomi’ yesicelo. Ngokwahlukileyo kwiilwimi zokuprograma ezise-C, ezinomjikelo wobomi omnye, Usetyenziso lwe-Android lunemijikelo yobomi emithathu. Ngamnye uneempawu zakhe, kodwa zonke zisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ngokubanzi, Udweliso lwe-app ye-Android lulandela lomjikelo wobomi ulandelayo:

Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi sisiseko nayiphi na app Android. Isikrini ngasinye singumsebenzi, into ethetha ukuba kufuneka iphumeze yonke indlela yomjikelo wobomi ukuze isebenze. Imisebenzi kufuneka ibenendlela ebizwa onCreate(), njengoko le ndlela ifuneka ukunika umxholo kwiscreen. Indlela yesibini, onDestroy(), ubizwa ngoko nangoko phambi kokuba umsebenzi utshatyalaliswe. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kutheni i-Android iza kutshabalalisa umsebenzi.

NgeMiza() yindlela eluncedo ukuphumeza app Android. Xa umsebenzi unqumama, inkqubo ifowunela i-OnPause() indlela. Le ndlela inokusetyenziselwa ukusabela kumsebenzi onqunyanyiswayo. Ikwaluncedo ekusebenzisaneni nabasebenzisi xa umsebenzi unqunyanyisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba kwiPause() Kufuneka ufowunelwe phambi kokuba ufowunele Qalisa().

Ukulungisa ingxaki

Xa ulungisa i-app yakho ye-Android, Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ungafikelela njani kwisixhobo sokulungisa iimpazamo. Ungayifumana kwifestile yesixhobo ekunene, okanye ngokukhetha Jonga > Isixhobo seWindows> Debug. Inomfanekiso wokulungisa ingxaki, kwaye ingafumaneka ngokunqakraza kwi Debug iqhosha kwibar yesixhobo sefestile. Ifestile yeDebug ibonisa inkqubo yangoku ye-Android kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zayo. Ukusebenzisa iqhosha le Debug liza kukuvumela ukuba ukhangele nayiphi na imiyalezo yemposiso ephoswe lusetyenziso lwakho.

Nje ukuba ifestile yeDebug ivuliwe, cofa i “Imisonto” isithuba kwaye emva koko kumkhethi womsonto. Ifestile yeDebug izakubonisa isakhelo sokupakisha kumsonto ngamnye, kwaye ungajonga amaxabiso omsonto ngamnye. Unganqakraza kwakhona kwizinto ezizimeleyo kwisakhelo ukuvula ikhowudi yemvelaphi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza indlela imisonto eboniswe kwi Debugger window. Uyakwazi ukurhweba ngaphandle kwezakhelo zesitaki kunye nokwenza unikezelo lwazo ngokusesikweni ngokufunda isikhokelo sezakhelo zeefestile zeDebugger.

Ukuba unayo iPC yethebhulethi okanye ilaptop, ungasebenzisa i-USB debugging isici kwisixhobo sakho Android. Ukwenza imo ye-USB debugging, yiya kuKhetho loPhuhlisi kwaye emva koko ukhethe “Imo Yokulungisa.” Nje ukuba uvule i-USB debugging, ungafikelela ngokulula iinketho zomphuhlisi ophezulu njengokwenza ukulungisa i-USB. Ukusebenzisa i-USB debugging, qiniseka ukuba ugcina yonke idatha ebalulekileyo phambi kokuba uqhubeke.