Funda indlela Programmieren i App Android

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ukwenza inkqubo yesicelo se-Android, kufuneka wazi izinto ezimbalwa malunga neJava-Code, iinjongo ezifihlakeleyo, ukhetho lomphuhlisi, kunye nenkqubo yeemodyuli. Ezi ziziseko zenkqubo ye-Android. Ukuba usadidekile, qhubeka ufunda. Uya kufumanisa indlela yokwenza i-app elula ngexesha elifutshane! Emva koko, uya kuba nesiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.

Ikhowudi yeJava

Kule khosi, uya kufunda zonke iinxalenye ozifunayo ukwenza i-app ye-Android, kuquka i-Android-Binding kunye novavanyo oluzenzekelayo. Emva kokuba ufunde ukwenza la malungu, uya kuba nakho ukwakha usetyenziso olujongeka njengobuchwephesha. Ukusebenzisa iJava-Code ye-Android app programmieren yindlela entle yokufunda indlela yokuphuhlisa eyona OS yeselula idumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunalo ixesha okanye ulwazi lokwenza eyakho app, Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokuqesha umphuhlisi okhethekileyo we-Android endaweni yoko.

Umzekelo, i-app yakho ye-Android inokunxibelelana ne-REST-oriented webservices. Oku kunceda ukuvelisa ixabiso elingakumbi kuba libonisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo kubasebenzisi bayo. Idatha enjalo ihlala ilayishwa kwiinkonzo zewebhu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile. Njengoko ufunda ukwenza inkqubo ye-Android apps ngeJava, uya kulungela ukwenza iapp ejongeka njengengcali. Ungaqala namhlanje ngokubhalisela ikhosi yenkqubo ye-Android yasimahla!

Kwabaqalayo, Java-Code for Android app programmieren akukho nzima. Inguqulelo yamva nje ye-JDK iyafumaneka kwi-Oracle. Ukusebenzisa olu lwimi, kufuneka ube neNdawo yoPhuhliso eDityanisiweyo (IDE). Le yinkqubo ekuvumela ukuba ufake ikhowudi kwaye ufowunele kwi-JDK. I-IDE oyisebenzisela uphuhliso lwe-Android ibizwa ngokuba yi-Android Studio IDE. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukwenza ukhowudo lula kangangoko.

iinjongo ezifihlakeleyo

Isakhelo se-Android sisebenzisa izinto zeNjongo ukukhokela izicelo. Izinto ezinenjongo zingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukumisela ukuba leliphi icandelo ekufuneka liqalwe kunye nokwenza izenzo. Idatha okanye isenzo esiqulethwe kwiNjongo yeNjongo nayo igqithiselwa kwicandelo elifumanayo. Olu lwazi luvumela icandelo lomamkeli ukuba lenze isenzo esifunwayo. Ukuba injongo imiselwe ukuqalisa, icandelo lomamkeli liza kwenza isenzo okanye lithumele idatha efunwayo.

Kwinkqubo ye-Android app, kusoloko kungcono ukusebenzisa iinjongo ezicacileyo xa uqalisa iinkonzo. Musa ukuvakalisa iinjongo zeenkonzo xa usebenzisa injongo efihlakeleyo. Oku kudala umngcipheko wokhuseleko kuba umsebenzisi akakwazi ukubona ukuba yeyiphi inkonzo eya kuphendula kwisicelo sosetyenziso. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa injongo efihlakeleyo xa uqalisa iinkonzo kuyingozi. Android 5.0 izakuphosa ngaphandle ukuba uzama ukufowunela i-bindService() ngenjongo ecacileyo. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweqonga.

Into yePendingIntent isonga into yeNjongo. Into yePendingIntent ibhengeza ukuba injongo iyakwenziwa xa umsebenzisi esenza isenzo ngeSaziso.. I-NotificationManager okanye i-AlarmManager iphumeze injongo. Ukuba injongo ayisonjululwanga, into yePendingIntent ibuyisela uMsebenzi. Ikwabuyisela inkonzo. Le ndlela, Iiapps zinokuqalisa usetyenziso xa zifuna.

ukhetho lomphuhlisi

Ukuze usebenzise 'geheim’ izicwangciso kwi Android, kufuneka ufikelele 'iinketho zomphuhlisi'. Olu seto lufihlwe ngokungagqibekanga kwaye kufuneka luvulwe ngesandla. Unokwenza oku kwiSetingi yeNkqubo ye-Android. Zinokubangela imiba yokusebenza ukuba ayivulwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba zilula ukuzisusa. Makhe sihlolisise indlela yokwenza i-'geheim’ iinketho. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa zokufikelela kwi-'geheim’ imenyu kwi-Android-Handy:

Ukuba uphuhlisa usetyenziso lweselula lwe-Android, uya kufumana ukuba 'umphuhlisi’ iinketho ziyafumaneka. Ngelixa ingezizo zonke ezi setingi ziyimfuneko, banokukunceda uchonge imiba kwaye uphucule ukusebenza kwe-app yakho. Ezinye zezi iinketho ziquka USB-Debugging, isici esinokukunceda uncothule ifowuni yakho, faka i-custom-rom, kwaye ugcine idatha yakho. Omnye 'umphuhlisi’ iinketho zikuvumela ukuba uhlalutye ukusebenza kwesixhobo sakho kwaye ulungise iingxaki.

Ukongeza kwi-debugging kunye nokudala iimeko zokulungisa iimpazamo, ISitudiyo se-Android sikwaxhasa iimpawu zokujonga kwizicelo kunye noyilo. Nangona iingenelo zayo, Ukulungisa ingxaki akunakusoloko kukunika lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukulungisa impazamo okanye ukulungisa impazamo. Uphuhliso lwe-app ye-Android lunzima ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awunazo izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ungasebenzisa la macebiso alandelayo ukuze uqalise. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, musa ukulibala ukugcina ezi zinto engqondweni!

inkqubo yeemodyuli

Ukuba ufuna ukwenza i-app ye-Android ngokukhawuleza, ungafumana isixhobo esifanelekileyo salo msebenzi kwi-Intanethi. Uya kufumana iinketho ezininzi eziphezulu ezibiza umrhumo wenyanga. Iiphakheji ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumboneleli owusebenzisayo kunye noluphi uhlobo lwe-app oyenzayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zosetyenziso: umthonyama kunye ne-PWA. Zombini zineengenelo kunye nezingeloncedo zazo. Ii-apps zomthonyama zikhutshelwa kwivenkile yeapp okanye kuGoogle Play kwaye zisebenza ngakumbi kunePWAs.

Ukuba ungumntu omtsha kwiprogramming, uya kufuna ukusebenzisa isixhobo esikwi-intanethi esifana ne-App-Builder. Esi sixhobo siyahambelana neelwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa kwaye sifanelekile kubo bobabini abaqalayo kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo abanamava. Nangona kunjalo, Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kufuneka ube nolwazi oluthile lweJava okanye olunye ulwimi lwenkqubo ngaphambi kokuba uzame oku. Kungenjalo, uya kugqiba nge-app enekhowudi engalunganga.

Ukwakha i-app ngokwakho yinkqubo ethatha ixesha, kodwa lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kunokuqasha umphuhlisi. Abakhi be-App babonelela ngeseti ebanzi yezinto zeapp. Nangona kunjalo, icala elisezantsi kukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye neempawu ezikhoyo. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunzima ukufikelela, kodwa ziyafumaneka. Ukwakha eyakho i-app inokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo ukuba ufuna ukwenza usetyenziso oluncinci lwebhajethi encinci.

Ukwenza iprojekthi ye-Android Studio

Ukuqala ukwakha usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android, kufuneka wenze iprojekthi yeSitudiyo se-Android. Iprojekthi inoluhlu lweefayile, kuquka ikhowudi yemvelaphi yesicelo sakho se-Android, izicwangciso zenqanaba, kunye neefayile zoovimba. Nje ukuba ezi fayile zongezwe kwiprojekthi, ungaqala ukubhala isicelo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kufuneka unike igama iprojekthi yakho. Ngokuzenzekela, Iprojekthi ibizwa ngokuba yi-app. Ukutshintsha igama, cofa iFayile > Entsha > Imodyuli.

Xa uqala ukuphuhlisa i-app yakho, isixhobo seSitudiyo se-Android siya kuvelisa iprojekthi yesampulu. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza esakho isicelo, ungatshintsha igama kwindawo yeGama. Igama liya kuvela kwi-app yakho xa ifakwe kwisixhobo somsebenzisi naxa idweliswe kuDlalo lukaGoogle. Ukutshintsha oku, ungabuyisela igama elimiselweyo ngelakho. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa igama losetyenziso esele likuseto lweprojekthi.

Unokwenza iifolda ezisezantsi kwiprojekthi. Ezo folda zineefayile ezifunekayo ukwakha usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android. I-src/incwadi eneenkcukacha iqulathe ikhowudi yemvelaphi yeJava ngelixa i-lib/incwadi eneenkcukacha iqulathe iifayile zejagi ezongezelelweyo ezifunekayo ngexesha lokusebenza.. Ii-asethi/ifolda iqulethe iifayile ezimile kunye nempahla enokutsalwa. Ekugqibeleni, i-gen/ifolda iqulethe ikhowudi yomthombo eyenziweyo eyenziwe zizixhobo zokwakha ze-Android.

Refactoring izixhobo

Refactoring izixhobo Android app programming kunokunceda ukunciphisa ikhowudi boilerplate, yenza lula ikhowudi, kwaye wenze lula iprojekthi yakho. Imizekelo embalwa yezixhobo zokuhlaziya ibandakanya iDagger, Hilt, kunye ne-SafeArgs. La mathala eencwadi enza ubomi bemihla ngemihla babaphuhlisi bube lula ngokususa ikhowudi yeboilerplate, ukuthintela ukuvuza kwememori, kunye nokulawula imijikelo yobomi. Zonke ezi mpawu zikuvumela ukuba ugxininise kwingqiqo yezoshishino endaweni yokubhala ikhowudi ye-boilerplate.

Refactoring yindlela elungileyo yokunciphisa iinzame zekhowudi, ixesha, kunye neendleko. Obu buchwephesha bunokusetyenziselwa phantse naluphi na ulwakhiwo lwesoftware, kwaye nawuphi na umphuhlisi onolwazi oluncinci lwenqanaba eliphezulu lwekhowudi angaqalisa inkqubo. Ukwengeza, inokugcina ixesha elininzi kunye namandla ngokukuvumela ukuba ucoce iileya ezithile zekhowudi ngelixa ugcina iindleko zeprojekthi zizonke zincinci.. Izixhobo zokuphinda ziphinde zisetyenziswe ukuguqula usetyenziso lwe-desktop yelifa libe zii-apps eziphathwayo.

Izixhobo zokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona kwi-Android app programming inokukunceda ukuthiya ngokutsha iindlela kunye namalungu eeklasi zeJava. Ukwengeza, ISitudiyo se-Android sikuvumela ukuba ujonge isiphumo sokuphinda kuthiwe kwifayile nganye. Oku kuthetha ukuba akufuneki ubhale ikhowudi entsha ukuhlaziya ikhowudi yakho ekhoyo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ungayithiya njani kwakhona indlela ethile okanye iklasi, ungasebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlaziya ze-Android Studio ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyenza ngokuchanekileyo.

Uphuhliso lwe-Hybrid app ye-iOS kunye ne-Android

Into yokuqala eyahlula ii-apps zomthonyama kunye ne-hybrid yindlela yazo yophuhliso. Ngelixa ii-apps zomthonyama zilungiselelwe iqonga elinye, Ii -apps ezixubileyo ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa ezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zazo zombini iiplatifti. Ngesi sizathu, zikhethwa ukuba zidlale ngokukhawuleza kumaqonga omabini. Ngaphaya koko, Iiapps ezixubileyo zithatha ithuba leenkqubo zokusebenza’ iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayingomthonyama njengosetyenziso lwemveli. Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi, Ii -apps ezixubileyo zikhethwa kubasebenzisi abathile.

Xa usebenzisa uphuhliso lwe-hybrid, ungagcina ixesha kunye nemali ngokusebenzisa iqonga elifanayo kuzo zombini uphuhliso lwe-Android kunye ne-iOS. Umzekelo, awudingi kutyalo mali kumaqonga e-UI ahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, Ii-apps ezixubileyo zinokukhawuleza kwaye zingabizi kakhulu kwiintengiso kwaye zisebenze njengebhaloni yokuvavanya. Uphuhliso losetyenziso lweHybrid lukunceda ukuba unciphise ixesha lophuhliso kunye neendleko kwaye wenze ukuba imveliso yakho ithengiswe ngokukhawuleza.

Olunye uncedo lokusebenzisa uphuhliso oluxubileyo kukuguquguquka okukuvumelayo. Ngaphandle kophuhliso lwemveli, Iiapps ezixubileyo zinokusebenzisa umxholo wewebhu owubhalileyo kwiwebhusayithi yedesktop yakho. Ngele ndlela, ungabonisa umxholo wewebhu kuzo zonke iindawo zosetyenziso, kubandakanywa nefenitshala yokuthenga. Unokufikelela kwiifitsha zehardware yeapps zemveli usebenzisa ikhowudi yemveli. Ii-apps eziHybrid zinokusebenzisa iJavaScript APIs kumaqonga azixhasayo.