Funda iSiseko soPhuhliso lwe-Android App

Ukuphuhlisa isicelo Android, abaphuhlisi basebenzisa i-Android SDK kunye nolwimi lokuprograma lweJava. Nge-SDK, bangenza i-app enye yokubini kwaye babhengeze iinxalenye ze-UI besebenzisa iiseti ezikhaphukhaphu zezixhobo ze-XML. Bangasebenzisa isakhelo se-UI jikelele okanye baphuhlise iimpawu ze-UI ngokukodwa kwiitafile okanye ii-smartphones.

I-Gradle

I-Gradle yindawo ejolise kulwakhiwo kuphuhliso lwe-Android app. Ivumela iinguqulelo ezininzi zesicelo ukuba zakhiwe kwiprojekthi enye. Izixhobo ze-Android ziza kwiisayizi ezahlukeneyo zesikrini kunye neentlobo zeprosesa, ukwenza kube yimfuneko ukwenza iinguqulelo ezininzi ze-app. Ukusebenzisa iGradle, ungajolisa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo.

I-Gradle ineentlobo ezimbini zokwakha, lungisa kwaye ukhulule. Uhlobo lolwakhiwo lwe-debug luvumela ukhetho lolungiso kwaye lusayine i-app ngesitshixo se-debug. Uhlobo lolwakhiwo lokukhululwa lusenokucutheka kwaye luyifiphaze i-app, kwaye uyisayine ngesitshixo sokukhulula. Xa usebenzisa iGradle, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uhlobo lokwakha olufanelekileyo.

I-Gradle sisixhobo sokwakha esizenzekelayo esivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze i-apk kwifayile yeJava okanye yeXML. Inokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuqulunqa ikhowudi, ukuyidibanisa, kunye nokupakisha. Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokwakha esizenzekelayo, inkqubo ithembeke ngakumbi kwaye iyahambelana.

I-Gradle ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye neefayile. Ikwakwenza ukuba kukwazeke ukudibanisa imiboniso yezakhelo ezahlukeneyo zolwakhiwo kulandelelwano oluphambili olufanayo. Oku kukunceda ukuba uphinde usebenzise izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zosetyenziso lwakho. Ndikunye noGradle, unokwenza kwakhona isiko leSifanekiso seGradle ukwenza ulwakhiwo.

I-Gradle sisixhobo esinamandla sokwakha esizenzekelayo sophuhliso lwe-Android app. Idibanisa amandla ezinye iinkqubo zokwakha kunye nokuphucula ukusilela kwazo. Ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba babhale izikripthi zeJava kunye neempawu ezithile ze-Android, kwaye ikwavumela ukuba bakhe iinguqulelo ezininzi zeeapps zabo. Ukongeza, IGradle kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kuneMaven kunye neAnt.

Java

Uphuhliso lwe-app ye-Android lunokuba yinkqubo enzima. Ukuqala nge, kokona kulungileyo ukuzibekela usukelo olusengqiqweni. Njengoko ufunda iziseko, uya kufuna ukongeza iimpawu kwaye ulinge ngeembono ezintsha. Ukuba nenjongo kunceda ukugcina inkqubo yokufunda icwangcisiwe kwaye imnandi. Xa sele unombono wento ofuna ukuyakha, ungaqala ukwakha usetyenziso lwakho lokuqala lwe-Android.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa iJava yophuhliso lwe-Android app kukuba ulwimi lusimahla kwaye lubandakanya ithala leencwadi elikhulu lamathala eencwadi avulelekileyo.. Oku kuya kunceda abaphuhlisi bakho banciphise ixesha lophuhliso kwaye banciphise umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Kwakhona, IJava ixhaswa ngokubanzi luluntu olukhulu. Ngaphandle kwale nto, IJava yophuhliso lweapp ye-Android inemida embalwa. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iilwimi zokucwangcisa, IJava ayinakugcina idatha yomsebenzisi, ezinokubangela ilahleko data.

Nangona iJava ayixhomekekanga kwiqonga, iye yathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaphuhlisi. Iye yanda ukuya kumaqonga eemfonomfono, kunye neJava Mobile Edition yaphuhliswa ngokukodwa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Iiprogram zeJava ziqokelelwa kwi-bytecode kwaye zenziwe ngaphakathi kwimeko yeJava Virtual Machine. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Usetyenziso lweJava luyilelwe ukuba luthembeke kwaye lube nomngcipheko ophantsi.

IJava luhlobo-ulwimi olunzima olufuna ukubhala ikhowudi ngakumbi kunye nememori engaphezulu. Nje ngeziphumo, Usetyenziso lweJava lunokucotha ukusebenza. Kotlin, enye indlela yeJava, yayilwa ngaphakathi 2011 ngabaphuhlisi beJetBrains ukuphucula kwiJava. Ixhasa i-parallel-running neJava kwaye yenza ukuqulunqa ngeJavaScript kube lula. Iinjongo zeKotlin zifana nezo ze-Swift kwaye zinokuba luncedo kubaphuhlisi beJava.

XML

I-XML yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android lulwimi olukhaphukhaphu lophawulo olusetyenziselwa idatha enxulumene ne-UI. I-syntax yayo ilula kwaye ivumela ukulinganisa okulula. Ukongeza ekubeni khaphukhaphu, I-XML ikwalula ukuyibhala. Ungayisebenzisa kuphuhliso lwakho lwe-app ukubhala imenyu, uyilo, okanye iphepha lewebhu.

I-XML lulwimi lophawu olubonelela ngomxholo wedatha kwaye yenza ukukhangela izinto ezithile kube lula. Ikwangumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye ingasetyenziswa nalo naluphi na ulwimi lwenkqubo kunye nesicelo, ukunika abaphuhlisi ithuba lokhuphiswano. I-XML inokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kwii-apps ze-Android, kuquka ukudlulisa idatha, amaxwebhu okufomatha, kunye nokudala uyilo.

Ukongeza ekongezeni umxholo kwidatha, I-XML yenza utshintshiselwano lwedatha lube lula. Isekwe kuLwimi lweMarkup olusemgangathweni oluqhelekileyo, ebisetyenziswa kushishino lopapasho amashumi eminyaka. I-XML yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android inokusebenzisa umsebenzi ofanayo ngaphandle kwemiba eqhelekileyo. Iluncedo kwidatha ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na imiba eqhelekileyo.

Xa udala i-app ye-Android, uya kufuna iikhompyuter ezimbini. Enye yikhompyuter yophuhliso, apho uya kubhala ikhowudi ye-Android, ngelixa esinye sisixhobo oza kube uphuhlisa usetyenziso kuso. Ikhompyuter yophuhliso yidesktop okanye ilaptop yekhompyuter, kodwa unokusebenzisa ikhompyuter yeMac okanye yeLinux ukuba lelona qonga ulithandayo. Isixhobo se-android asithathwa njengekhompyuter, kodwa inokuba yi-smartphone, ithebhulethi, okanye smartwatch.

Android Studio

Usetyenziso lweSitudiyo se-Android sikwenza ukuba uphuhlise usetyenziso lwemveli lwe-Android olunemeko efanayo yophuhliso njengee-iOS zomthonyama. Ixhasa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa, kwaye ungayisebenzisa ukwenza usetyenziso lwaso nasiphi na isixhobo se-Android. Le nkqubo iquka i-emulator etyebileyo yokuvavanya izicelo. Inokuxelisa i-smartphone ye-Android ebonakalayo kwaye ibonelela ngendawo emanyeneyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zakho zophuhliso lwe-Android. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili zibandakanya ukudityaniswa neGit, umhleli otyebileyo, kunye neenketho zekhowudi yokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.

Ujongano lweSitudiyo se-Android lulungelelaniswe ukwenza ukusebenza kunye neprojekthi yakho kube lula kwaye kusebenze. Iza neethebhu kwicala lasekhohlo nasekunene elikuvumela ukuba uvule iipaneli ezahlukeneyo. Kukwakho nebar yewonga ezantsi kwefestile ebonisa ubume beprojekthi yakho, izilumkiso, kunye nokwakha inkqubela. Ifestile engundoqo ikwaqulathe indawo yekhowudi, ekuvumela ukuba uvule kwaye uhlele iifayile ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Unokusebenzisa iindlela ezimfutshane zebhodibhodi ukujonga ngokukhawuleza iprojekthi yakho.

I-Android Studio nayo iza ne-IDE eyakhelweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-IntelliJ. Lo mhleli ikuvumela ukuba wenze ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona, yongeza i-XML kwiitemplates, kwaye wenze amacandelo e-UI. Unokwenza ngokwezifiso ujongano lomsebenzisi ngokongeza imixholo kunye nee-icon.

Ukudala ujongano lomsebenzisi

Ukudala ujongano lomsebenzisi kwi-app ye-Android yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yophuhliso lwe-app. Ngelixa uyila uMsebenzi woMsebenzi, abaphuhlisi kufuneka bagcine abaphulaphuli abajolise kubo engqondweni. Ngelixa ukusebenza kunye nokutsha kubalulekile, yinto elula yoyilo eyenza ingqalelo yabathengi. Ujongano lomsebenzisi we-app uhlala yenye yezinto ezithatha isigqibo malunga nokuba iapp yamkelwe kuDlalo loGcino okanye hayi..

Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokuyila ujongano lomsebenzisi we-Android app. Okokuqala, kufuneka ucinge malunga nobukhulu bekhusi. Izikrini ezininzi zahluke kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izisombululo ezifanelekileyo xa kusenziwa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo zokwenza i-UI ibukeke ilungile kukusebenzisa isixhobo soYilo loMzobo ukwenza i-UI ephendulayo.. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba wenze utshintsho kwizikrini zojongano lomsebenzisi ngaphandle kokubuyisela inkqubo yonke.

I-UI ye-Android iquka iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: indawo yomxholo wesicelo kunye nebar yesenzo. Imisebenzi yintliziyo yesicelo se-Android, kwaye umsebenzi ngamnye unxibelelana nomsebenzisi ukuze ufezekise injongo ethile. I-UI ichazwa kwifayile ye-XML, leyo ke iguqulelwe kwiklasi Android GUI. Olu didi luqulethe izinto ze-UI kunye neempawu zazo.

Ukwenza i-database app

Ukuba ufuna ukwenza i-database ye-app yakho ye-Android, unokwenza oko ngokusebenzisa umakhi we-app njenge-Appy Pie. Lo makhi wosetyenziso uthenjwa ngu 7 izigidi zamashishini kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye inojongano olulula lokutsala kunye nokulahla olukuvumela ukuba wenze uyilo losetyenziso kwaye ukhethe kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo.. Lo makhi we-app ikuvumela ukuba ulawule isiseko sedatha ngaphakathi kwe-app ngokwayo. Emva kokuba ugqibile ukwakha i-app, ungayipapasha kwiivenkile zeapp.

Usetyenziso lweDatabase lunokunceda amashishini alungelelanise kwaye alawule idatha yawo kunye ne-inventri. Ngenxa yokuba azikhokhowudi, zinokusetyenziswa naliphi na ishishini kwaye zinokuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unokucinga. Unokwenza i-database app yakho usebenzisa i-spreadsheets! Inzuzo ephambili ye-database app kukuba yenza kube lula ukulawula idatha yeshishini lakho, ukulandelela uluhlu, kwaye wabelane ngayo nabanye.

Olunye uncedo lokusebenzisa isiseko sedatha kwi-app yakho ye-Android kukuba yenza kube lula ukuba usetyenziso lwakho lube nesikali. I-SQLite yeyona injini yedatha esetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye unenkxaso yemveli kwi-Android. Ngegophe lokufunda eliphantsi, I-SQLite inikeza ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye ixhasa imisebenzi emininzi kunye neentengiselwano. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungalungi ekusebenziseni iSQLite.

Uvimba weenkcukacha nguvimba wedatha ogcinwe kwiiPC. Inkqubo yolawulo lwedathabheyisi iphatha idatha kwimiqolo kunye neekholamu, ukwenza ukusetyenzwa kwedatha kube lula. Ikwalulwimi oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi ukwenza usetyenziso lwesiseko sedatha. Olu lwimi lubizwa ngokuba yiSQL kwaye lususela kwiminyaka yoo-1970.