Funda iSiseko se-Android Programmierung kwiJava kunye neeNdawo zoPhuhliso ezahlukeneyo

Ukuba unomdla Android Programmierung, unokhetho oluninzi olukhoyo kuwe. Ungaqala ngokujonga kuGoogle Play Store, leyo iphelile 3 izigidi zezicelo. Uninzi lwazo luluncedo kwaye lucwangciswe kakuhle, ngoko kuya kufuneka ucinge ukusebenzisa enye yazo. Ngaphandle kweJava, Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iNjongo-C, Ukhawuleza, kunye nomtya weXML.

Java

Iprogrammierung ye-Android kwiJava lulwimi oludumileyo olusetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Ulwimi lufumaneka kwiindidi zokufundisa kunye neencwadi kwaye lufuna umsebenzi omncinci kunye nokuzinikela ekufundiseni. Esi sifundo siya kukunceda ufunde iziseko zeprogrammierung ye-Android kwiJava kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso.

Enye yeenzuzo zesicelo se-Android esisekelwe kwiJava kukuba sinokusebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaqonga. Zombini iJava kunye nePython zibonelela ngoluhlu lwamathala eencwadi kunye nee-APIs zabaprogram be-Android. Ukuba uceba ukusebenza kunye neenkqubo zelifa kwaye kufuneka uphuhlise izicelo ngokukhawuleza, IJava lukhetho olungcono.

Java ixhasa coroutines, ekuvumela ukuba wenze imisonto emininzi yophumezo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokunyusa ubungakanani bekhowudi yenkqubo yakho kwaye kwandise umngcipheko weempazamo zekhowudi. Enye into engalunganga yeJava kukuba ifuna ukuba uhlole iindidi eziguquguqukayo ngesandla. Ukunqanda oku, kufuneka usebenzise ulwimi lwenkqubo oluxhasa abasasazi abahlakaniphileyo. Olu phawu lutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo iisamente ezingafunekiyo ngamaxabiso azinzileyo.

Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngentshayelelo ecokisekileyo yenkqubo ye-Android kwiJava, le ncwadi ikwaquka izihloko ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lwe-app yobungcali. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda ukugcinwa kwedatha kunye neenkqubo zangasemva. Ukwengeza, uya kufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-Android Studio kunye ne-Android SDK.

Injongo-C

Ukuba ujonge ukuzila, indlela elula yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android, kufuneka ucinge ngokusebenzisa iNjongo-C. Olu lwimi luyafana neJava kwaye luneseti egqwesileyo yezixhobo kunye namathala eencwadi okusetyenziswa. Ikwasebenziseka ngakumbi kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii -apps zazo zombini i-iOS kunye ne-Android. Kuya kufuneka ube nolwazi oluhle lweJava, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha i-IDE enokuthi isebenze kuzo zombini i-Android kunye ne-iOS.

Injongo-C lulwimi lwenkqubo olulungele abo banamava ngeC ++ kodwa abanqweneli ukungena kwiintsonkothi zeJava.. Nangona kunjalo, iyacotha kuneJava kwaye inenkqubo yenkxaso enyiniweyo. Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-Objective-C, ungafumana izandla zakho kwi-PSPDF Kit.

I-Objective-C yi-superset ye-C kwaye iqulethe inani elikhulu leempawu ezijoliswe kwinto. Ikwalulwimi lwenkqubo oluzinzileyo, kunye noluntu olukhulu kunye nethala leencwadi elikhulu lezifundo kunye namaxwebhu. Eyona nto ilungileyo ngayo kukuba ungayifunda ngokukhawuleza kwaye unokwenza usetyenziso olukhulu olunengxaki encinci.

Injongo-C ixhasa uchwethezo olungatshintshiyo noluguquguqukayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikhowudi yakho inokujongwa ngexesha lokwenyani ngeempazamo. Nangona kunjalo, olu lwimi lunembali ende. Njengolwimi oluvulelekileyo, unokufumana izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Apple kunye neenkampani zangaphandle. I-Apple isandula ukuzisa izixhobo ezitsha njengePencilKit (yePencil yeApple) kunye neSiriKit (usetyenziso lomntu wesithathu). Ikwaxhasa iMapKit, leyo eyandisa amathuba okuhlengahlengiswa kwe-UI.

Ukhawuleza

Ukuba ungumphuhlisi we-Android kwaye ufuna ukwenza usetyenziso lwakho lusebenze kumaqonga ahlukeneyo, I-Swift sisixhobo esifanelekileyo somsebenzi. Ineempawu ezininzi ezenza ilungele uphuhliso lweselula, kwaye isimahla kubaphuhlisi. Ikwaxhasa uluhlu olubanzi lweethagethi zophuhliso, kuquka Android NDK, cocoa, Java, kunye nokuninzi.

Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa i-Swift kuphuhliso lwe-Android, ngumbono olungileyo ukuba namava kwezinye iilwimi zokucwangcisa, ngakumbi i-Swift ye-iOS. Ulwimi ngumthombo ovulekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba unokufumana abantu abaninzi abazimisele ukukunceda. Uya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa i-Swift ukuphuhlisa ii-apps ze-iOS, kunye nabaphuhlisi be-iOS banokucelwa ukuba babhale ii-apps ze-Android kwi-Swift. Ukongeza kokuguquguquka kwayo, I-Swift nayo iyakhawuleza kwaye kulula ukuyifunda.

Ngelixa i-Swift ilulwimi oluvulelekileyo, you’ll be able to use your favorite tools with it, including the Android NDK. This means you’ll be able to use most of the tools you’ve used for C/C++ development, such as the low-level debugger.

Swift is also very interactive, which means you can write code in a terminal or the LLDB debugging console of Xcode. This means you can interact and evaluate your running apps, write new code, and run tests easily.

XML umtya

XML is a markup language used to define data. It is derived from the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). I-XML ilula, scalable, and easy to write. It is used to implement data for the UI of Android applications.

I-AsyncTask-Isakhelo

I-AsyncTask-isakhelo senkqubo ye-Android ibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwentambo ephambili kunye nemvelaphi. Isebenza ngokudlulisa isiphumo sendlela yangasemva kwindlela ye-onPostExecute, ethi ke ifumane isiphumo kwindlela yangasemva. Esi sisakhiwo esisisiseko senkqubo ye-Android.

I-AsyncTask yiklasi engabonakaliyo ebonelela ngesakhelo esisisiseko semisebenzi ye-asynchronous. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili kwi-AsyncTask. Eyokuqala, onPreExecute, ibaleka kumsonto oyintloko, ilungiselela ukulayisha incoko yababini kunye nokulumkisa umsebenzisi ukuba umsebenzi uza kuqalisa. Indlela yesibini, doInBackground, isebenza kumsonto owahlukileyo ngasemva.

Ukongeza kokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngasemva, I-AsyncTask ikwavumela usetyenziso ukuba lupapashe uhlaziyo lwe-UI ngelixa kusetyenzwa imisebenzi yangasemva. Kuba ImiSebenzi ye-Android isebenza kumsonto oyintloko, uqhuba nayiphi na i-I/O okanye imisebenzi yeprosesa-enzulu kulo msonto inokumisa i-UI. I-AsyncTask ibonelela ngesakhelo sabaphuhlisi besicelo se-Android ukuphumeza imisebenzi eya kwenziwa kumsonto ongasemva ngaphambi kokuba umsonto ophambili ugqibezele umsebenzi wawo..

I-AsyncTask-Task-Framework yinkqubo esasaziweyo exhasa amashumi amawaka emisebenzi ye-async ngomzuzwana.. Abaphuhlisi bayo benze isakhelo emva kokungafumani isisombululo se-off-the-shelf kwiimfuno zabo ezithile. Iinjineli zeDropbox zisebenzisa i-ATF kwi 28 amaqela obunjineli kwaye ngoku iphethe amaninzi kangangoko 9,000 async imisebenzi ngesekhondi.

Ii-Apps zemveli ze-Android

Ii-Apps zomthonyama ze-Android ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze kwizixhobo ze-Android. Zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-HTML, CSS, okanye iJavaScript. Ezi lwimi ziyahambelana neesistim zeWindows kunye nezixhobo ze-Android. I-Android SDK ikwaxhasa itekhnoloji yeqonga elinqamlezileyo, kuquka Xamarin. Android. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba wakhe ii-apps zomthonyama ze-Android usebenzisa isiseko solwimi oluqhelekileyo kwaye wabelane ngekhowudi kuwo wonke amaqonga.

Iphuhliswe kusetyenziswa isakhelo sasekhaya senkqubo yokusebenza ephathwayo, Iiapps zomthonyama zisebenzisa usebenzo lwemveli lwesixhobo esiphathwayo. Oku kubenza bakhawuleze kwaye basebenzise iimpawu zeqonga. Ii-apps zomthonyama zinokubandakanya iintshukumo zesistim yokusebenza. Basenokukhuseleka kwaye basebenzise iimpawu zokhuseleko lweenkqubo zabo zokusebenza.

Ii-Apps zomthonyama ze-Android zinenzuzo ngaphezu kwee-apps ezixubileyo. Ii-apps zomthonyama zisebenzisa izakhono zolwimi lwenkobe kwaye zinokusebenzisa amanqaku omthonyama. Ukwengeza, banokusebenzisa i-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) izixhobo, inyani ebonakalayo (VR), kunye nenyani eyandisiweyo (I-AR). Bakwalandela izikhokelo zoyilo lweqonga, ukubonelela ngamava antywilayo ngakumbi kubasebenzisi.

Olunye uncedo lweenkqubo zomthonyama kukukwazi ukulawula ubungakanani bazo, uqhelaniso, kunye nesisombululo. Kuba ii-apps zomthonyama zilungiselelwe i-OS, zinokujoliswa kwisixhobo esifanelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba bakhawuleze. Umzekelo, Usetyenziso lukaFacebook lwalukhe lwabhalwa ngekhowudi ye-HTML5 kwaye lwalucotha kakhulu kwii-iPhones. Ukuphendula oku, Abaphuhlisi be-Facebook app bagqibe ekubeni baphuhlise ikhowudi eyahlukileyo yeqonga le-iOS. Oku kwanika i-Facebook amandla okwandisa ikhowudi ukuze iqhube ngokukhawuleza kwizixhobo ze-iOS.