Ezona zixhobo zingcono ze-Android Entwicklung

Uphuhliso lwe-Android luyakhula, indawo enenzuzo kakhulu yophuhliso lwesoftware. Nge 75,16 ipesenti yabasebenzisi befowuni ephathwayo, yenye yezona nkqubo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngoluntu lwayo olusebenzayo kunye nenkqubo enkulu evulekileyo yendalo, Android inika amathuba amaninzi Android-abaphuhlisi ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zophuhliso, njengesixhobo sophuhliso lwe-Android, ziyafumaneka kubaphuhlisi be-Android, ukwenza kube lula kunangaphambili ukwenza iiapps ezingcono ngokukhawuleza.

umphuhlisi

Ukuba ucinga ngomsebenzi njenge-Android Entwickler, ufike endaweni elungileyo. Aba baphuhlisi besoftware banoxanduva lokwenza usetyenziso lweqonga le-Android. Nokuba wenza iapp yakho yokuqala okanye uyandisa okanye uphucula esele ikhona, kuya kufuneka uqeshe i-Android Entwickler. Aba baphuhlisi banoxanduva kuyo yonke imiba yophuhliso lwe-app, kuquka ucwangciso, ikhowudi, kunye novavanyo. Ukuba nesi seti yezakhono kuya kukunika umda kwimarike yokhuphiswano.

I-Android Entwickler ingakhetha phakathi kweenketho ezimbini eziphambili: Iqela lophuhliso lwangaphakathi, okanye i-freelancer. Ngelixa amaqela angaphakathi ethanda ukuba nexabiso eliphantsi, ii-freelancers zihlala zinemveliso ngakumbi. Ngokusebenzisana nomphuhlisi we-Android, uya kufumana ubuchule obusebenzayo kunye nendawo yokusebenza eguquguqukayo. Ukongeza kwimodeli ye-freelancing, Abaphuhlisi be-Android banokusebenza kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Kwaye ukuba awunamdla kwindawo yangaphakathi, unokufumana i-Android-Arbeiter ekhutshwe kwinkampani.

Indima yomsebenzi we-Android Entwickler iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkampani. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-Android Developer iquka ukudala usetyenziso, ukubenza ngcono, nokuzigcina. Indima ye-Android Entwickler ifuna ukukwazi ukucinga njengomsebenzisi kwaye wenze isoftware isebenziseke lula. Imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-Android Entwickler inokususela kuyilo olusisiseko lwesikrini ukuya kugcino lwesicelo kunye nokwenza ngcono. I-Android Entwickler inokusebenza kwiqela okanye ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo baya kusebenza kwiiprojekthi ezinempembelelo ngqo kwiimveliso zenkampani.

izixhobo

Ukuba ujonge ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwezixhobo eziphathwayo, mhlawumbi uya kuzibuza ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezingcono. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho izixhobo ezininzi phaya eziya kukuvumela ukuba wenze ii -apps ezintle. I-C # iphakathi kwezona lwimi zilula ukufunda, kodwa kukho nabanye. Nokuba ufuna ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lweselula lwe-iOS okanye i-Android, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezintathu ezona zibalaseleyo.

B4A: Yimeko yophuhliso ye-Android. Yenzelwe abaqalayo kwaye isebenzisa ulwimi lwe-BASIC lwenkqubo efana nesiNgesi esiqhelekileyo. Ii-IDE ze-Android ezifana ne-Android Studio zisebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi zesoftware kuphuhliso lweeapps kunye nemidlalo. Umqokeleli ukwasetyenziselwa ukuguqulela i-Quellcode kwikhowudi yomatshini. Emva koko, isicelo siya kuba nakho ukusebenza nezinye iifayile kunye namathala eencwadi asemgangathweni. Nje ukuba iprojekthi yenziwe, inokuvavanywa kuso nasiphi na isixhobo se-Android.

Eclipse: Ngaphambili, I-Eclipse yayiyeyona IDE idumileyo ye-Android. Kodwa ekubeni uGoogle eyekile ukuxhasa i-Eclipse, esi sixhobo siwile phantsi. Sisixhobo esiluncedo kubaphuhlisi be-Android. Isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwe-Android-Geraten kunye neekhompyuter. I-AIDE inamalungu amathathu: umxhasi, i-daemon, kunye nomncedisi. Umxhasi yinxalenye yendawo ye-Android, kwaye i-AIDE ilawula unxibelelwano phakathi komthengi kunye neDaemon.

amaqonga

Ukuba ufuna ukuphuhlisa izicelo zombini Apple kunye Android amaqonga, kufuneka uqonde umahluko phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini. Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokuphumeza oku, kuquka inkqubo cross-platform. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqalisa kukufunda umahluko phakathi kwamaqonga amabini kwaye emva koko ukhethe enye esebenza kakuhle kwiprojekthi yakho. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ezinye zeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nento abanokukwenzela yona. Siza kugubungela kwakhona umahluko phakathi kwe-iOS kunye ne-Android kunye nendlela abanokuzuza ngayo kwiprojekthi yakho.

Kuphuhliso lwesoftware ye-Android, ungasebenzisa nokuba yiyiphi kwiilwimi ezimbini eziphambili zokucwangcisa: Java okanye C++. Zombini iilwimi zokucwangcisa zikuvumela ukuba ubhale usetyenziso kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa, kwaye ezinye zixhasa ii-apps ezingathathi hlangothi. Izixhobo zomntu wesithathu, iindawo zophuhliso, kwaye i-languageunterstützung yaphuhliswa ukusukela oko kwakhutshwa i-SDK yokuqala 2008.

Ukuba umtsha kuphuhliso lwe-Android, unokucinga ngokuqesha umphuhlisi we-plattformübergreifende onokukhowudi usetyenziso kuwo onke amaqonga. Le ndlela, usetyenziso lwakho luya kusebenza kuzo zombini izixhobo ze-Android kunye ne-iOS kwaye i-codebase enye kuphela iyafuneka. Oku kwenza kube lula kuwe ukwenza uhlaziyo lwexesha elizayo kwi-app yakho. Unokukhetha kwakhona ukusebenzisa iqonga leGoogle elicwebileyo lophuhliso lweplatformübergreifende. Le yokugqibela ikuvumela ukuba ukhawuleze uphuhliso kwaye ubone iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza.

iinkqubo

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-Android app kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo. Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwe-app. Kubalulekile ukulandela ukucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo ukuqinisekisa impumelelo ye-app. Ukuphuhliswa kwesicelo se-Android kufuna ulwazi olubanzi ukwenzela ukuba luphumelele. Uluhlu olungezantsi ezinye zezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo ezibandakanyekayo kuphuhliso lwesicelo se-Android. Le ilandelayo yimizekelo nje embalwa.

Iqonga le-Android lisebenzisa i-Google Tech Stack, esisakhelo sophuhliso lwesicelo sezixhobo eziphathwayo. Isakhelo sibandakanya iJetPack, Amacandelo oYilo, Igumbi, LiveData, kunye neDathaBinding, kunye neJava kunye neState of the Art amathala eencwadi afana neCoil kunye neKotlin. Inguqulelo yamva nje ezinzileyo yeJetpack Compose ikhutshwe ngoJulayi 2021. Esi sikhokelo sitsha sibonelela ngamathuba okuphuhlisa ujongano lomsebenzisi womthonyama kunye nemifuziselo yenkqubo esebenzayo.

Inkqubo yophuhliso lwe-Android ibandakanya inani leengqwalasela ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokusebenza ye-Android idinga i-app esebenza ngokungenamthungo kunye nekhamera yefowuni kunye nebhetri. Usetyenziso kufuneka luhambelane nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iiPC zethebhulethi kunye nee-smartphones. Ekugqibeleni, usetyenziso kufuneka luphuhliswe ngokweemfuno zabasebenzisi. Ayinguye wonke umntu ofuna ukwenza i-Android app kufuneka aqonde iinkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abafuna ukwenza i-app ye-Android kufuneka babe nokuqonda ngokubanzi kwezi nkqubo.

Iindleko

Ukuba ujonge umphuhlisi wokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwakho lwe-Android, usenokuba uyazibuza malunga neendleko zophuhliso lwe-android. Ekubeni Android-Kunden musa ukuhlawula apps, iindleko ze-Android-Entwicklung kunye noLondolozo ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zentengiso ye-app. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa omele uzazi malunga neendleko zophuhliso lwe-Android. Ukuba une-app engenzi mali ingako, Kungcono ukukhupha uphuhliso kwinkampani ekhethekileyo kuphuhliso lweselula.

Iindleko zophuhliso lwe-App zixhomekeke kubunzima beprojekthi yakho. Ngelixa kungenakwenzeka ukwenza i-app yasimahla, inkqubo kude ukusuka elula kwaye iyabiza. Imiba emininzi yenkqubo yophuhliso inokunyusa iindleko, kuquka namava omsebenzisi, uyilo, kunye nokusebenza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zinto zidibanisa ukwandisa iindleko. Ngethamsanqa, ungafumana iinkonzo zophuhliso lwe-Android ezifikelelekayo eSwitzerland, njengeTomato yaseSwitzerland. Iprojekthi yophuhliso lwe-Android eqhelekileyo iya kufuna 300-1,000 iiyure zomntu osuka kumphuhlisi we-app ephathwayo. Oku kubandakanya onke amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekudaleni i-app yeselula, kubandakanya ujongano lweapp kunye namava omsebenzisi.

Okukhona ingcinga entsha yosetyenziso lwakho, mancinci amathuba okuba abize ngaphezulu kunokuba ubunokulindela. Nokuba iphucuke kangakanani iapp yakho, kufuneka ucwangcise iindleko zengxelo eqhubekayo yabathengi kunye nokugcinwa. Ngombulelo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuthoba iindleko zakho zophuhliso lwe-Android. Nantsi indlela. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokukhupha iprojekthi yakho yophuhliso lwesicelo seselula, khumbula ukucwangcisa iindleko kunye nexesha lokugcinwa kweapp yakho. Unokujonga kwakhona iinkonzo zasimahla zophuhliso lwe-Android.

Ngaba unokwenza inkqubo kunye neKotlin?

Ukuba ukhe wasebenza kwiprojekthi kwaye kwafuneka ubhale inkqubo yayo, usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba ungafunda Kotlin. Lulwimi lwenkqubo oluvulelekileyo olusimahla kwaye lufumaneka phantsi kweApache 2.0 ilayisenisi. Abaphuhlisi bathi kulula ukubhala izicelo ze-Android kuneJava. Unokufunda iKotlin ngokuyifunda ecaleni kweJava. Nazi ezinye iingenelo zokufunda uKotlin.

Ekuqaleni, I-Kotlin inemida ethile. Ezinye iintlobo zedatha zinokuba lilize. Kufuneka ubhengeze ngokucacileyo amaxabiso akho angenakuNywa. Oku kuya kukunceda uthintele iimpazamo ezinxulumene ne-NullPointerException. Nangona kunjalo, akufanele ulibale ukuba i-Kotlin ine-syntax ekhethekileyo yeeNqobo eziNcinciweyo. Ungayinqanda le miba ngokusebenzisa i-Safe Call Operator. Emva koko, ungasebenzisa i arrayOfNulls() umsebenzi. Oku kuluncedo ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa uluhlu lwamaxabiso angenanto.

Unokusebenzisa iiGenerics kunye neZinto ukucacisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwesicelo sakho. Logama uchaza imisebenzi yakho njengomsebenzi kwaye usebenzise iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo, ungazibhala njengentambo. Enye into epholileyo yi-Extension-Functions, ekuvumela ukuba wandise iklasi ngaphandle kokwenza iiklasi ezintsha okanye ujongano. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iKotlin ixhasa imisebenzi ephezulu, kulula ukubhala ikhowudi efundeka lula.

Kutheni kungenjalo ngeKotlin?

Umbuzo ngulo, kutheni ungasebenzisi iJava, endaweni yeKotlin? IJava lulwimi lwenkqubo oludumileyo olunenkqubo yendalo etyebileyo yamathala eencwadi avulelekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, inemiqobo emininzi iKotlin ejonge ukuyisombulula. I-Android Studio sele yenzelwe iJava, kodwa noKotlin, iba zizinzile. Kwaye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iJava kunye neKotlin ziya kubakho.

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba i-Kotlin ingcono kuphuhliso lwe-Android kukuba ixhasa i-Bytecode, ukuyivumela ukuba isebenze kwi-IDE yakho, kwaye ukuba sele usebenzisa iJava, I-Kotlin iyahambelana nayo. Olunye uncedo lweKotlin lukhuseleko lwayo olungenanto. I-Android isebenzisa i-null njengexabiso elingachazwanga, ezinokubangela NullPointerException, imposiso enobungozi enokonakalisa i-app epheleleyo. Ngokuba ne-inbuilt null ukhuseleko, I-Kotlin isombulula le ngxaki, Ukuphelisa imfuneko yekhowudi eyongezelelweyo ukunqanda i-NullPointerExceptions ekutshabalaliseni ii-apps ze-Android.

Esinye isizathu sokuba ukhethe i-Kotlin phezu kweJava kuphuhliso lwakho lwe-Android bubomi bebhetri obuphuculweyo. I-Android O izakwazisa amajelo amatsha ezaziso kwaye inike abaphuhlisi ulawulo ngakumbi kwiiapps zabo’ izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, iya kuba nefuthe kubomi bebhetri. Ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela zonke iingenelo kunye neengozi ngaphambi kokukhetha i-Kotlin phezu kweJava. Nje ukuba uthathe isigqibo malunga nokugqibela, lixesha lokuqesha umphuhlisi ofanelekileyo.