Iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kuPhuhliso lwe-Android App

Iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kuPhuhliso lwe-Android App

Ukuba ukhe wafuna ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwakho lweselula, mhlawumbi ukhe wazibuza ukuba zeziphi zonke iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Java, XML, Kotlin, kunye ne-Android Studio zezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo, kodwa zidibana njani? Funda ngakumbi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neelwimi oza kuzifuna ukwenza i-app ye-Android. Emva koko, zama le mizekelo ingezantsi kwaye uqale ukuphuhlisa i-app yakho yokuqala! Ngethemba, baya kwenza yonke inkqubo ibe lula kakhulu!

Java

Abaphuhlisi kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo abafuna ukwenza ii-apps ze-Android baya kuzuza kwimisebenzi emininzi kunye neempawu ezibonelelwa yiJava. Ukwengeza, Iinkampani ezijonge ukwakha i-app eyomeleleyo ye-Android ziya kuxhamla kwiLinux Kernel, esekelwe kwiJava kwaye iyahambelana nenkqubo yokusebenza ephantsi. Nokuba yeyiphi inkampani oyisebenzelayo okanye ubungakanani beprojekthi osebenza kuyo, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba iJava sele isetyenziselwa uphuhliso losetyenziso lweselula.

Esinye isizathu sokuba abaphuhlisi kufuneka bakhethe iJava yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android kukuba iqulethe ngaphezulu 83 amathala eencwadi kunye neempawu ezizimeleyo kwezinye iilwimi. IJava inomzobo wojongano lomsebenzisi, umqokeleli, itoliki, isixhobo sokupakisha ifayile yeklasi, kunye nejenereyitha yamaxwebhu. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inethala leencwadi elityebileyo lomgangatho kunye neepateni zoyilo olungagqibekanga, kwaye lulwimi oluvulelekileyo, ke uya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa ikhowudi kwaye wenze iiprojekthi zeemodyuli.

Emva kokuba ukhethe ulwimi lwekhowudi kunye neqonga, inyathelo elilandelayo kukugqiba ukuba ungayigcina phi iprojekthi yakho. Ukuba usebenza kwisicelo esiphathwayo, Kuya kufuneka ukhethe uvimba weefayili zakho kunye nolwimi oluhambelana nekhowudi. Ikwangumbono olungileyo ukukhetha iprojekthi kwaye unamathele kuyo de ukhululeke kuyo. Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza isigqibo kwiprojekthi kwangoko, isicwangciso esihle kukukhetha iprojekthi yehlabathi lokwenyani kuqala kwaye wakhe ipotfoliyo yeso sicelo njengoko uqhubeka.

Enye inzuzo yeJava yinkqubo yayo enkulu evulekileyo yendalo. Uphando, njengokuba, yamkele iJava Virtual Machine ye Android, kwaye yenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba abaphuhlisi baphuhlise izicelo ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, icala elisezantsi lokusebenzisa iJava kuphuhliso lwe-Android app kukuba ulwimi olusekwe kwiKotlin lunokuba nzima kwaye lucothe, ngakumbi xa usebenza kwizixhobo ezisezantsi. Ukongeza, Usetyenziso lweJava lukwanzima ngakumbi kunezo zidalwe ngeKotlin, kunye nomngcipheko weempazamo kunye neempazamo zanda kakhulu.

XML

I-XML lulwimi oludumileyo lophawu lophuhliso lwe-Android app. I-XML yayiyilwe ekuqaleni ukubonisa amaphepha ewebhu kwi-Intanethi. Ikhaphukhaphu yayo, ekulula ukuyenza indalo iyenza ilungele uphuhliso lweapp yeselula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto omele uzazi ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye izibonelelo ze-XML zophuhliso lwe-Android app. I-XML sisixhobo esihle sokwenza usetyenziso lwakho lubekrelekrele kwaye lube lula ukufundeka.

I-XML lulwimi lophawu olusebenzisa iithegi ukuchaza idatha. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zedatha kuxwebhu lwe-XML zizinto, umbhalo, amaphepha ewebhu, kunye namaqhosha. I-XML ixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu kunye neeparamitha zodidi ngalunye lweJonga into. Ezinye iimpawu zithe ngqo kwinto ethile yokuJonga (umzekelo, i textSize uphawu loyelelwano lweJongo lokubhaliweyo) ngelixa ezinye ziqhelekile kuzo zonke izinto zeJonga. Ngaphezu koko, I-XML ivumela utshintshiselwano lwedatha yokubini kunye nesicatshulwa.

I-XML isetyenziselwa ukuchaza iiseko zee-apps ze-Android. Ngokungafaniyo neHTML, I-XML inokuchaza uyilo olwahlukileyo lwesikrini esinye. Iifayile zoyilo zikhankanya inkangeleko yezikrini. Uyilo ziifayile ze-XML ezixelela i-Android indlela yokucwangcisa izinto zayo kwiscreen. Into yomsebenzi iqhuba ikhowudi yesicelo kwaye isebenzisana nesakhiwo kwisixhobo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iziseko ze-XML ukuze wenze uninzi lwayo.

I-XML yindlela edumileyo yokubhala ikhowudi yee-apps ze-Android. I-syntax yayo ilula, kwaye yenza iindlela ezininzi ze-UI kunye nefayile enye. Ukwengeza, Isigama se-XML se-Android sivumela uyilo olukhawulezayo loyilo lwe-UI kunye nezinto zesikrini. Iifayile ze-XML kwi-Android ziifayile ze.xml kwaye zigcinwa kuluhlu lwe-res/layout. If you don’t want to use XML, you can also make your applications responsive with a layout that accompanies the size of the device.

Kotlin

If you are looking to develop Android apps, one of the top languages to use is Java. Nangona kunjalo, Kotlin has several advantages over Java. It is null-safe, meaning that it will not crash or generate error messages if a parameter or type is missing. Ukongeza, it has properties with automatically generated getters and setters, making coding much easier. And because it is easier to learn than Java, it is more accessible for a variety of developers.

If you are new to Android app development, you may not have a good understanding of the language. Ngethamsanqa, you can use Kotlin as an entry point into Android app development. Ngokungafaniyo neJava, it is cross-platform and can be executed on a Java Virtual Machine. Kwaye ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo, lulwimi olufanelekileyo kwiiapps eziphathwayo. Ngeenzuzo ezininzi, I-Kotlin lulwimi lwexesha elizayo.

I-Kotlin iphinda yenza lula inkqubo yokubhala ikhowudi. Ulwimi lubonelela ngethala leencwadi lemisebenzi eyakhelweyo, kwaye inokudityaniswa neJava ukwenza ngcono ikhowudi. Ikwakuvumela ukuba ubhale ikhowudi esebenzayo ngakumbi kwaye wenze ii -apps ezikhawulezayo. Unokwenza iklasi yesikhongozeli sePet ngexesha. Isampulu yekhowudi yeJava engezantsi ibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-Kotlin yophuhliso lwe-Android app. Ukwengeza, Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iKotlin ukwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android.

Enye inzuzo enkulu ye-Kotlin yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android kukuba ayikhuselekanga. Ukuba uthe ngempazamo ubhekisa kuguquguquko olungasebenziyo, I-Kotlin iya kuphosa impazamo yoqulunqo endaweni yempazamo yexesha lokuqhuba. Kwaye ngokungafaniyo neJava, I-Kotlin ikwachaza ukungabikho, ke unokuqiniseka ukuba zonke iinguqu zikhuselekile kwiimpazamo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba abaphuhlisi bee-apps ze-Android bahlala besebenzisa i-Kotlin ngenxa yesi sizathu.

Android Studio

Nje ukuba usete iprojekthi yakho kwi-Android Studio, ungacwangcisa eyakho iwindow kwiifestile zesixhobo kwaye ufihle iibar zesixhobo. Ukongeza ekuququzeleleni iprojekthi, Ungasebenzisa iindlela ezimfutshane zebhodi yezitshixo ukufikelela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, njengendawo yokukhangela, enokuba luncedo ekufumaneni ikhowudi elungileyo onokuyifaka kwi-app yakho. Ngommandla wokukhangela, ungafumana isicatshulwa esithile okanye ibinzana kwikhowudi yemvelaphi, oovimba beenkcukacha, izenzo, okanye izinto zojongano lomsebenzisi. Iglasi ekhulisayo kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene kwefestile ibonelela ngokhangelo olukhawulezayo.

Nokuba uphuhlisa usetyenziso lwesixhobo se-Android okanye isixhobo se-iOS, kufuneka uqale uqonde ukuba leliphi iqonga ojolise kulo. Izixhobo ezininzi ojolise kuzo, abantu abaninzi baya kuyisebenzisa. Ukuba ujolise kwiqonga le-Apple, uya kube usebenza neNdawo yoPhuhliso eDityanisiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-XCode, ngelixa abaphuhlisi be-Android kufuneka basebenzise indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Android Studio. Lo mahluko kubunzima bophuhliso lwe-app unokwenza kube nzima ukukhetha enye phezu komnye.

Ukusebenzisa i-Android Studio, kufuneka ube neKit yoPhuhliso lwe-Android. Kukho ezinye iitemplates zasimahla ezibonelelwa yi-Android Studio, kodwa ukuba ukhetha iitemplates eziphucukileyo, ungazithenga kwiCodeCanyon. Ezi templates zithe ngqo kwi-domain-specific and feature-rich. Iwebhusayithi yeSitudiyo se-Android ibonelela ngolingo lwasimahla lwekhosi yophuhliso losetyenziso. Inguqulelo yasimahla ibandakanya uhlaziyo oluhlawulweyo olumbalwa, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba uceba ukwakha i-app ngokukhawuleza.

Ngelixa uphuhlisa usetyenziso kwi-Android Studio, kufuneka ube nolwazi olusebenzayo lwezixhobo zokuvavanya. UMncedisi we-Firebase wenza kube lula ukongeza iinkonzo ze-Firebase kwaye ulinganise ulungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo. I-Espresso Test Recorder inokuvelisa ikhowudi yokuvavanya i-UI ngokurekhoda ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi. Esi sixhobo sisebenza ngee-emulators, izixhobo, kunye neendawo eziqhubekayo zokudibanisa. I-Firebase Test Lab ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya isicelo sakho, ngokunjalo. Ekugqibeleni, Isitudiyo se-Android sinomhleli obonakalayo weefayile ze-XML zokubeka, ekuvumela ukuba wakhe izakhiwo ezininzi kwaye uziqhube kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Unokufaka isicelo sokuncipha kwekhowudi kunye nolungelelwaniso lokusayinwa kweapp kwiiprojekthi zakho.

Ishishini le-Android

Kukho izibonelelo ezininzi zophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android Enterprise. Yenza uluhlu olubanzi lokhetho lwesixhobo kubasebenzi bakho, ngelixa ehlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko. Ikwabonelela ngeempawu zokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza. I-Android Enterprise ibonelela ngemekobume ekhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye elawulekayo kwizixhobo ezine-Android. Unokukhetha nasiphi na isixhobo abaza kusisebenzisa abasebenzi bakho, ukusuka Samsung Galaxy Note 4s LG G3s. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kuba nolawulo olukhulu kukhuseleko lwedatha yakho.

Izibonelelo zayo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nemithombo evulekileyo zimbini zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Njengomthombo ovulekileyo, izicelo zeshishini android zikhululekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kwaye zibonelele ngezibonelelo ezongezelelweyo zeROM yesiko. Olunye uncedo lophuhliso losetyenziso lweshishini le-Android bububucala obubonelelayo. Ngokunyuka kwenkcubeko ye-BYOD, abasebenzi abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nabalawuli be-IT bomqeshi wabo ukufikelela kwiidatha zabo zobuqu. Nangona kunjalo, ngeApps zoShishino lwe-Android, Abalawuli be-IT banokufikelela kuphela kwidatha malunga nesicelo, hayi ulwazi lomntu.

Kuba i-Android SDK isimahla kwaye ibonelela ngezixhobo zoyilo lwee-smartphones, ishishini Android uphuhliso app ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye ibonelela inkqubo enye edibeneyo. Iinkonzo zophuhliso lwesoftware yeshishini zibonelela ngokudityaniswa kweCRM kunye nezinye iinkonzo kunye neqonga leshishini elisekwe kwi-Android ukuvumela ukuhamba kolwazi olungenamthungo kumasebe ohlukeneyo.. Le ndlela, Uphuhliso lwe-app yeshishini le-Android lukhetho olulungileyo kuwo nawuphi na umbutho. Ngokukhula kwimarike Android, Uphuhliso lwe-app yeshishini le-Android luba yinto ebalulekileyo kwisicwangciso senkampani nganye.

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-Android Enterprise, indawo yolawulo ye-Android yahlulahlulwe kwaye yayingalindelekanga. Izixhobo zibonelela ngezakhono zokulawula ezilinganiselweyo kunye neempawu, ukwenza kube nzima kumashishini ukufumana nokuphumeza isisombululo esifanayo. Ngaphezu koko, iiOEM ezininzi zaphuhlisa ezazo izicwangciso zolawulo, kunye neempawu ezongeziweyo ezingabandakanywanga kunikezelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Android. Nangona kunjalo, Ishishini le-Android lenze inkqubo yalula kakhulu. Kwaye ngoku, kulula kuye nawuphi na umphuhlisi ukwenza i-app ye-Android ye-enterprise-grade.