Ukusebenzisa i-XML kunye ne-Kotlin yoPhuhliso lwe-App ye-Android

Nje ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokwenza i-app ye-Android, kuya kufuneka wenze ikhowudi yayo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uphuhlisa iapp yakho. Igama le-app yinto ebonwa ngabaphulaphuli xa ifakiwe. Enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwe-app ligama lephakheji, eyireferensi yangaphakathi esetyenziswa yi-Android. Igama lepakethe ye-app yakho kufuneka libe nedomeyini ekwinqanaba eliphezulu, igama lenkampani yakho, kunye nesihloko sosetyenziso lwakho. Ukuba awunayo isizinda okanye igama lenkampani, ungasebenzisa “com” elandelwa yinto. Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nolwimi lwekhowudi kunye nendawo yokugcina iifayile zakho.

Java

Njengolunye lwezona lwimi zidumileyo zokucwangcisa, IJava ibonelela ngenani elikhulu lezixhobo kunye neelayibrari ezenza kube lula ukwakha usetyenziso lwe-Android. Nje ngeziphumo, kukho uluntu olukhulu lwabaphuhlisi be-java, enokukunceda kwiinzame zakho zophuhliso. Olu lwimi lufanelekile ngokukodwa kuphuhliso lwe-app, njengoko inokukunceda ukwakha usetyenziso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefowuni eziphathwayo. Kodwa kukho izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza ngeJava.

Ekuqaleni, qiniseka ukuba uqhelene neqonga olakhela kulo izicelo. I-Android liqonga eliphathwayo elidumileyo, kwaye kufuneka ube nokuqonda okusisiseko kweJava phambi kokuba uqalise ukuyiphuhlisa usetyenziso. IJava inokukunceda ukuba wakhe usetyenziso lweqonga le-Android kunye ne-iOS. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe onokubusebenzisa, kwaye ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi omawuyisebenzise, funda iJava manual kwaye ufunde ezona zenzo zilungileyo.

Okulandelayo, thatha isigqibo sokuba ungazigcina phi iifayile zakho. Usetyenziso lweJava lusebenza ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani obekwe yedwa kwihardware engaphantsi. Oku kuvumela inkqubo yokusebenza ukulawula ukwenziwa kwekhowudi. Inkqubo esekwe kwiLinux ikwabeka iliso kwiinkqubo ezisebenza kwi-Android. Ukuba benza into engafanelekanga, banokunyanzelwa ukuba bavale. Ngoko qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa echanekileyo! Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uyifaka njani i-Eclipse, jonga iwebhusayithi yomphuhlisi we-Android ngemiyalelo yokuhlohla imeko-bume yophuhliso lweJava.

C++

Ukuba awuqhelanga umahluko phakathi kweKotlin kunye neC ++, kukho iindaba ezimnandi kuwe: zombini ziphathwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza. I-syntax yekhowudi ye-Kotlin iqondile, kwaye inokudityaniswa kwikhowudi yemveli okanye iJavaScript. NjengoJava, isebenza kuMatshini weJava Virtual. Zombini ziphathwa kakhulu, kwaye zombini ezi lwimi zinika uluhlu olufanayo lwezinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo.

Njengoko i-Android isasazwa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhambelana kweqonga. Ngokufanelekileyo, ikhowudi yakho ye-C ++ iya kuqulunqwa ibe yilayibrari eya kusebenza kuwo onke amaqonga. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba inkxaso ye-64-bit ABI iya kuba sisinyanzelo ngokukhululwa kwe-Android Pie. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uthathe ithuba le-NDK xa uphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android. Ngaphandle koko, Ikhowudi ye-C ++ iya kuqhuba ngaphandle kokwahluka okubonakalayo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-app kunye nexesha lokusebenza.

Ngethamsanqa, amaqonga amaninzi ophuhliso lwe-Android axhasa ikhowudi yeC / C ++, kunye ne-Android Studio ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise le khowudi kwisixhobo ngokuthe ngqo. Ikhowudi yeC ++ inokuphucula ukusebenza, ngakumbi xa kuphuhliswa imidlalo ye-3D. Ukongeza, kulula ukudibanisa amathala eencwadi abhalwe ngoC, ukwenza kube bhetyebhetye ngaphezu Java. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi ekulungeleyo, cinga ngokufunda C++. Kulula ukufunda, kwaye lukhetho olukhulu kubo bobabini abaqalayo kunye nabaphuhlisi abaphambili.

Inhlwathi

Uya kufumana ezinye izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iPython kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android. Olu lwimi lwenkqubo luza ne-debugger enokukunceda ukuba uhlolisise iimpazamo kwikhowudi yakho. I-coop yayo eguquguqukayo ikuvumela ukuba uvavanye iintetho ngokukhangela ibhloko yangoku kunye nayo yonke imisebenzi yayo. Ukongeza, simahla kusetyenziso lweshishini, ngoko kubalulekile ukufunda. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima kwabanye ukuba bathathe iPython ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto iPython ilolona khetho lubalaseleyo kuphuhliso lweapp yeselula.

I-Python lulwimi lwenkqubo oludumileyo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwamasimi, kubandakanywa uphuhliso lwewebhu kunye nophuhliso lwesicelo esiphathwayo. Ugxininiso lwayo kwiiphakheji kunye neemodyuli zenza kube lula ukufunda. Kwakhona iza kunye phezu 1,000 iimodyuli. Abo banamava alinganiselweyo basenokufumana inzuzo ekusebenziseni iPython ukwenza ii -apps ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwaye zininzi iimodyuli ezikhoyo, I-Python ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kunezinye iilwimi ezininzi. Ukuba unomdla wokusebenzisa iPython kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, Nazi ezinye iingenelo zolu lwimi lwenkqubo.

Ukusebenzisa iPython kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android kulula kakhulu kuneJava. Inyaniso, uninzi lweeMacs kunye noomatshini beLinux sele benePython efakiweyo. Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukuvula i-terminal kwaye uchwetheze kwipython ukuqalisa inkqubo. Xa kuthelekiswa neJava, IPython ikwalula kakhulu ukuyifunda kwaye ikhawuleza ukuyisebenzisa. Inyaniso, ukuba unomdla wokusebenzisa iPython kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, lukhetho olukhulu kwabo bafuna ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nekhowudi ephezulu.

XML

I-XML yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android ineenzuzo ezininzi. I-XML ilula, kulula ukuyibhala, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuchaza idatha enxulumene ne-UI. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngentshayelelo emfutshane yokusetyenziswa kweXML yeeapps eziphathwayo. Unokufunda ukusebenzisa i-XML kwiprojekthi yakho yophuhliso lwe-Android. Iinzuzo zayo zixoxwa ngezantsi. Ukuba ufuna ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa izicelo ze-Android ngoko nangoko, I-XML yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhamba.

I-XML lulwimi lophawulo olwayilwa ekuqaleni ukuthwala kunye nokucwangcisa idatha. Ugxininiso lwayo kwidatha endaweni yokucwangcisa yenze ukuba ibe ngumgangatho odumileyo weqonga. Nangona ingelulo ulwimi lwenkqubo, I-XML lukhetho oluluqilima lotshintshiselwano lokubini kunye nokubhaliweyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iifayile ze-XML zihlala zikhowudwa kwi-UTF-8, ke qiniseka ukuba awuyibeki i-XML kwiqonga elinesithintelo sobutyebi njenge-Android.

Uyilo lweeapps ze-Android zibhalwe kwi-XML. Bachaza ubume bojongano lomsebenzisi. Iifayile zobeko kufuneka zibe nengcambu ebizwa ngokuba yimbono. Imboniselo imele into eyakhelweyo. Udidi olusezantsi lwemboniselo lubizwa ngokuba liQela lokuJonga. Ezi mbono zinokudityaniswa kunye neefayile zazo ze-XML. IGroup yokuJonga yiklasi yesiseko yazo zonke iiplani kunye nezikhongozeli zokujonga.

Umphathi wezaziso

Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili zomphathi weZaziso zophuhliso lwe-Android app. Enye kukukwazi ukushwankathela izaziso ezininzi. Olu phawu luyafumaneka kusetyenziso lwemiyalezo ebonisa uluhlu lwemiyalezo yabo yamva nje. Izaziso zinokushwankathelwa ngokongeza umyalezo omnye kwiqela. Ukuba kukho imiyalezo emininzi, eyokuqala iya kuboniswa kwaye enye ayizukuboniswa. Inqaku lesibini kukukwazi ukuseta umda wezinga lezaziso. Ukuba zihlaziywa rhoqo, I-Android inokuthi ilahle izaziso.

Nangona kungeyomfuneko ukuba usebenzise eli nqaku kuphuhliso lwakho lwe-Android app, yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina abasebenzisi bakho behlaziyiwe. Izaziso ziluncedo ekutsaleni abasebenzisi ukuba bavule i-app kwaye babambe ingqalelo yabo. Nangona kunjalo, isaziso kufuneka sibelula njenge icon, njengoko uninzi lwabasebenzisi be-Android bexakekile kwaye abanalo ixesha lokufunda umbhalo omde. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka usebenzise i icon ukwenza isaziso sinyanzelise ngakumbi kubasebenzisi.

Xa usenza izaziso zakho, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba usebenzisa inkqubo yesaziso ukuqinisekisa unikezelo olufanelekileyo. Izaziso ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Android app, kwaye kufuneka ivavanywe ngokufanelekileyo. Izaziso zazisa abasebenzisi ngolwazi olubalulekileyo, bagcine benolwazi ngeziganeko ezizayo, kwaye ubathintele ekuphoseni amadinga. Ngelixa iyunithi yokuvavanya i-UI yosetyenziso lwe-Android sisiqalo esihle, akwanelanga kwaye iya kusilela kuphela ukuba awuvavanyi izaziso ngokuchanekileyo.

Icandelo lomsebenzi

Icandelo loMsebenzi kuphuhliso losetyenziso lwe-Android liquka into esebenza efowunini. Isebenza kwiprosesa yefowuni kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto, inokuvulwa kwaye ivalwe ngumsebenzisi. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesixhobo, I-Android isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvula nokuvala umsebenzi. Enye yezi ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-Start(). Xa sele ebizwa le ndlela, umsebenzi unokubonakala okanye ufihlwe.

Iklasi yoMsebenzi ibalulekile kwii-apps ze-Android kwaye yinxalenye ephambili yemodeli. Imisebenzi ngokwesiseko ziifestile apho usetyenziso lunokuzoba ujongano lomsebenzisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe embindini wesikrini, kodwa inokuba ncinane kunekhusi okanye ibonakale idada ngaphezulu kwezinye iifestile. Udidi loMsebenzi omnye lusebenzisa isikrini esinye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ngaphandle eziphawulekayo kulo mgaqo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga nokuba uMsebenzi licandelo elifanelekileyo leapp yakho, ungajongana namaxwebhu e-Android.

Xa uMsebenzi uqaliswa, inkqubo Android iqalisa inkqubo app efanelekileyo. Eli candelo liya kuqinisekisa naziphi na iiklasi ezifunekayo. Le nkqubo ivumela usetyenziso lwakho ukuba lutsibe ukusuka kwelinye iphepha lewebhu ukuya kwelinye, kwaye utshintshe phakathi kwezicelo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Njengokuba, ungavula iinkcukacha zomfowunelwa wakho kwi-app enye kwaye ubhale umyalezo kwenye. Ngokufanayo, ungatshintshela kwenye app embindini kwaye uqalise umsebenzi kwakhona umsebenzi ofanayo.