Zeziphi iiLwimi zokuCwangcisa eziLungileyo kuPhuhliso lweApp ye-Android?

Ukuba ubucinga ngokwakha i-app ye-Android, unokuba uyazibuza ukuba ingaba iJava, C#, Kotlin, XML, okanye naluphi na olunye ulwimi lwenkqubo lunokusetyenziswa. Uya kufumana iimpendulo zale mibuzo kweli nqaku. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubhala i-app yakho, funda iziseko zomntu ngamnye. Emva koko, qhubela phambili kwizihloko eziphambili. Nokuba ubhala iapp yakho yokuqala yeselula, okanye ukuba usebenza kwishishini elibaluleke kakhulu kwisicelo, kukho isisombululo sophuhliso lwe-Android esisebenzela wena.

Java

Ukufunda ukwenza ikhowudi kwiJava yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yophuhliso lwe-Android app. IJava lulwimi lwenkqubo olunamandla oluvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze ii-apps ezisebenzisanayo abasebenzisi abanokunxibelelana nazo. Olu lwimi lwenkqubo lwenza abaphuhlisi be-Android benze usetyenziso besebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zedatha, kuquka imitya kunye namanani. Usetyenziso lwe-Android lufuna ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo zedatha, efuna ukuqonda kakuhle ulwimi. Ukufunda iJava yophuhliso lwe-Android app, qala ngokufunda iziseko zezakhiwo zedatha.

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lokufunda iJava kuphuhliso lwe-app ye-android yinto yokuba ulwimi luxhotyiswe ngethala leencwadi elikhulu leepateni zoyilo olungagqibekanga.. Eli thala leencwadi libonelela abaphuhlisi ngesiseko esiluqilima sokuphuhlisa ii-apps zabo. Oku kuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuncama ukusetyenziswa kwezinye ii-apps. IJava ikwabonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo sokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lweselula, ukwenza kube lula ukwakha usetyenziso olunokukhula kunye neemfuno zabasebenzisi bakho.

Ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa iJava kuphuhliso lwe-Android app, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ulwimi alukho mahhala. I-Oracle iceba ukutshintsha imodeli yayo yelayisensi yeJava kwi 2019 kwaye ayisayi kuphinda ivumele abaphuhlisi basebenzise ulwimi simahla. Ungasebenzisa enye indlela kwiJava, njengoKotlin, esimahla ukuyisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenzisa iJava kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, kubalulekile ukufumana iingcebiso zomthetho.

C#

Ukuba ujonge ukuphuhlisa i-app ye-Android, kufuneka usebenzise iC#. Olu lwimi lwenkqubo lujolise kwinto luyafana neJava kodwa lune-syntax elula. Ikwalulwimi lweWindows kuphela. Izibonelelo zayo ziquka i-interface ekulula ukuyiqonda, ijika elilula lokufunda, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujonge ukwenza umdlalo onzima kakhulu, uya kufuna ukusebenzisa i-C++.

Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-Kotlin ukuphuhlisa ii-apps ze-Android. IKotlin lulwimi oluchwetheziweyo olusebenzisa iJava Virtual Machine (JVM). Inika ikhowudi yesivakalisi esicocekileyo nesifutshane, iyenza idume phakathi kwabaphuhlisi beapp ye-Android. Ulwimi lwenkqubo yeJava lolona ludala kuzo zonke iilwimi eziphambili zokuprograma, kodwa ihlala ilukhetho oludumileyo ngenxa yethala layo leencwadi elibanzi kunye nezakhono zokuhlanganisa. I-Kotlin yenziwe nguJetBrains, inkampani eyenza iJava.

Eyona miqobo ibalaseleyo yophuhliso lwe-Android kukunqongophala kwayo kolawulo olusemgangathweni kunye nezikhokelo. Ukuqhekeka kwezixhobo ze-Android kwenza kube nzima ukusombulula nayiphi na i-malware. Ungafumanisa kwakhona ukuba iimpawu ezithile zophula amalungelo awodwa abenzi okanye eminye imimiselo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abasebenzisi be-Android banokuhlawula okuphantsi kunabasebenzisi be-iOS. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukugcina le miba engqondweni xa uphuhlisa i-app ye-Android. Ukuba ucinga ngokufunda i-C # yophuhliso losetyenziso lwe-Android, kungcono ukuqala ngeprojekthi encinci.

Kotlin

Usenokuba uvile malunga ne-Kotlin yophuhliso lwe-app ye-Android, kodwa uqinisekile ukuba ufuna ukuyizama? Zininzi iingenelo zokufunda iKotlin. Ayinikeli nje ngolwimi lwangoku lwenkqubo, Ikwanazo neencukuthu ezimbalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-app yakho iya kufikelela kwimarike ngokukhawuleza kwaye iya kuzinza ngakumbi. I-Kotlin ixhaswa ngokusemthethweni kwi-Android nguGoogle. Ukongeza ekubeni lula ukufunda, Ikwanzima kancinci kuneJava.

IJava iselulwimi lwenkqubo oludumileyo kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, kodwa iKotlin ifumana ukuthandwa phakathi kwabaphuhlisi. Ukuhambelana kwayo neJava kunye neNjongo C ithetha ukuba uya kuba nakho ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nemiba ethile yolwimi.. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya konga ixesha kuvavanyo lwe-bug kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho, kwaye inokugxila ekudaleni usetyenziso olukumgangatho ophezulu ngomzamo omncinci. Ukwengeza, I-Kotlin inokusebenza ngakumbi kuneJava, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uya kukwazi ukusebenzisa ixesha elingaphantsi kwexabiso lakho ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android.

Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zeKotlin kuphuhliso lwe-Android app kukwamkelwa kwayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokuba i-Kotlin kulula ukufunda nokugcina, iba lulwimi olukhethwa ngabaphuhlisi abaninzi. Inyaniso, lolona lwimi lukhula ngokukhawuleza lwenkqubo kwimarike, kanye emva kweSwift. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa zonke iilayibrari ze-Android, kuquka ukubophelela kwedatha, ukusetyenzwa kwenkcazo, kunye nokuninzi. I-Kotlin inokukunceda ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili, kwaye uya kuba nakho ukuzisebenzisa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.

XML

I-XML lulwimi lophawu olusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lwe-Android app. Isetyenziselwa ukudala, isakhiwo, kwaye ucazulule idatha. Le fomati yaphuhliswa kuqala ukuze isetyenziswe kwiwebhu. Ikhaphukhaphu yayo, kwandiswe, kunye ne-syntax elula iyenza ilungele uphuhliso lweselula. Abaphuhlisi be-app ye-Android bayakhuthazwa ukuba bafunde i-XML ukuze benze isicelo esiyimpumelelo. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokusebenzisa i-XML kwiprojekthi yakho elandelayo ye-Android.

Uyilo lwe-Android lubhalwe kwi-XML kwaye luchaza ubume bezinto zojongano lomsebenzisi. Ifayile yoyilo kufuneka ibe nengcambu, ezifana neklasi yokuJonga, emele into yojongano lomsebenzisi. ViewGroups, emele izikhongozeli zoyilo lwemboniselo yento, zisubclasses zokuJonga. I-XML ifana nedathabheyisi, ngaphandle kokuba ayinayo imiba eqhelekileyo yeHTML kunye neCSS. Into yokuJonga yiariya yoxande kwiscreen. I-XML ingasetyenziswa ukuchaza ubeko kunye nobukhulu bayo nayiphi na into yokuJonga.

Idatha ye-XML iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwii-aplikeshini ze-Android ukwenza uphando lusebenze ngakumbi kwaye luphucule ukutshintshiselana kwedatha. Ukusebenzisa i-XML kuphuhliso lwe-app ye-Android kuyafana nokusebenzisa ifomati yefayile eqhelekileyo yotshintshiselwano lwedatha. Ukwengeza, inikeza umxholo wedatha, ukwenza uphando kunye notshintshiselwano lwedatha lukrelekrele. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-Android, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kushishino lopapasho kuye kwavela. Ukusebenzisa i-XML kuphuhliso lwe-app ye-Android akukho lula kwaye kusebenza ngakumbi kodwa kuya kukunceda wenze usetyenziso olusebenza ngcono.

Ukuqhekeka

Kwilizwe lophuhliso lwe-Android, Ukuqhekeka bubuchule bokwahlula umsebenzi ube ziziqwengana ezincinci. Ezi ziqwenga zibizwa ngokuba ngamaqhekeza kwaye zihlala kwiQela lokuJonga loMsebenzi wenginginya. Amaqhekeza angabonelela ngokubonakala kwento ethile kwi-XML okanye kwiJava. Baphinde bajonge indlela ye-onCreateView yokudibanisa inkangeleko yabo kunye nomsebenzi. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ekufuneka isiqwenga sizisebenzise.

Kuphuhliso lweapp ye-Android, ungadala amaqhekeza omsebenzi wakho, nganye inecandelo lojongano lomsebenzisi. Iziqwenga zinokuthi zimile okanye ziguquguquke, kwaye ungasebenzisa nokuba yeyiphi ukwenza inkangeleko kunye nokuziva kwesicelo sakho. Nanku umzekelo womsebenzi, ebonisa amaqhekeza amabini eefowuni kunye neetafile. Ungasebenzisa udidi lwesibambi-ndawo olufana neFrameLayout ukwenza iSakhelo somsebenzi wakho.

Indlela yeqhekeza ikwaluncedo ekwenzeni ibha yakho yesenzo ibe yeyakho. Kuyenzeka ukuba udibanise kwaye ususe amaqhekeza, kwaye umjikelo wayo wobomi uchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngumjikelo wobomi bomsebenzi. Amaqhekeza nawo anomjikelo wobomi owahlukileyo, ke kuya kufuneka ukuba uqaphele oku xa uphuhlisa isicelo sakho. Iziqwenga zikwalula ukuzigcina kuba zinokongezwa kwaye zisuswe kumsebenzi oguquguqukayo. Ngaphezu koko, amaqhekeza akuvumela ukuba usebenzise izikrini ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo.

Linux Kernel

Enye indlela yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android kukusebenzisa iLinux Kernel. I-Linux kernel ngundoqo wendlela yokusebenza ye-Linux. Yinkqubo yeenkqubo ezilawula ukufikelela kwizibonelelo, njengezixhobo zoluvo. Ezi nkqubo zibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-init, kwaye banoxanduva lokuqalisa indawo yokubulawa, ukudala amakhonkco kunye neenkqubo zefayile, kunye nokuseta iinkonzo ezifana neselinux. Ukusebenzisa i-Linux Kernel kwi-app ye-Android, kufuneka uqale ufunde malunga noyilo lwayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-architecture ye-hardware ye-Android kunye ne-Linux kernels. Ekubeni ezi zimbini zihluke kakhulu, i-kernel iya kwahluka. Ezinye iihardware zinokuba nabaqhubi abangabanini. Oku kunokwenza ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android kube nzima. Nangona oku akuyona ingxaki eqhelekileyo, ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa iLinux Kernel kunokunika abaphuhlisi umda xa uphuhlisa iiapps. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Linux kernel ixhasa ulwakhiwo oluninzi olwahlukeneyo.

Uhlaziyo lweLinux Kernel kudala lwaba ngumthombo wempikiswano. Ngelixa abanye abasebenzisi bekhankanya isidingo sokuphepha ukubuyisela i-OS kwifowuni yabo, abanye baye baphikisa ngelithi ezi nkozo zinokukhokelela ekwaphulweni kokhuseleko. Ukuba kunjalo, kungangcono ukusebenzisa i-generic kernel. UGoogle ukwazisa isakhelo esitsha esibizwa ngokuba yi-GKI esiza kuvumela isakhelo se-Android ukuba sisebenze kwizixhobo ezingenaso isoftware ethile..