Jinsi ya Kuunda Programu za Android Ukitumia Kotlin

Ikiwa hujawahi kufanya programu ya Android hapo awali, unaweza kutishwa kidogo na hatua zote zinazohusika. Ikiwa wewe ni mwanzilishi, unaweza kuhisi kutishwa na Android Studio, ambayo inaweza kuwa ngumu kidogo kutumia. Kwa mazoezi kidogo, unaweza kustareheshwa haraka na Android Studio na vipengele vyake mbalimbali.

Maendeleo ya programu ya Android

Wakati wa kutengeneza programu za rununu, ni muhimu kuzingatia aina gani ya utendaji bidhaa yako itahitaji. Unaweza kuchagua kutoka kwa programu asili au mseto. Programu asili zimeboreshwa kwa mifumo mahususi ya uendeshaji, wakati programu mseto zinaendeshwa kwenye kivinjari. Programu asili ni ngumu zaidi na zinahitaji lugha tofauti ya programu. Programu za mseto zina mahitaji sawa ya utendaji, lakini ni nafuu kuendeleza.

Mchakato wa kutengeneza programu unaweza kuwa ghali, lakini inaweza kuwa na manufaa ikiwa imefanywa vizuri. Inaanza na upangaji sahihi, mkusanyiko wa mahitaji, na mifano. Programu iliyofanikiwa inaweza kukusaidia kuboresha biashara yako na kushirikisha wateja. Ili kutengeneza programu iliyofanikiwa, unahitaji kujua soko lako na nini kitawafurahisha.

Android ni mfumo wa uendeshaji wa simu maarufu. Inawezekana kuunda programu mseto na asili kwa Android. Programu asili zimeundwa mahususi kwa ajili ya Android na kufikia maunzi. Ikiwa unataka kutengeneza programu kwa majukwaa mengine, utahitaji kuiweka upya na kuitunza kando. Unaweza kutumia ununuzi wa ndani ya programu kutengeneza pesa.

Ikiwa unapanga kuunda programu ya Android, hakikisha umechagua kampuni inayounga mkono mchakato huo. Kampuni kama vile studio za kubuni zeroseven zina uzoefu wa kutengeneza programu asili na zinaweza kukusaidia kufanya programu yako ianze kabisa. Wanatumia teknolojia mpya zaidi za kidijitali kuunda programu zinazolingana na wateja wao’ chapa, watazamaji, na mahitaji.

Kotlin

Una nia ya kujifunza jinsi ya kuunda programu za Android kwa lugha ya programu ya Kotlin. Lakini kabla ya kuanza kuunda programu huko Kotlin, unapaswa kujijulisha na misingi ya programu ya Android. Kwa sasa, bidhaa nyingi zilizoanzishwa na wasanidi programu wenye uzoefu wa Android wanatumia Kotlin. Hata hivyo, lugha hii mpya ina mapungufu.

Mjenzi wa msingi amejumuishwa kwenye kichwa cha darasa. Hii inaondoa hitaji la mjenzi wa pili na wapataji na wawekaji. Zaidi ya hayo, hauitaji vigezo vya wajenzi. Badala yake, you only need to write a single-line class header with your primary constructor.

If you’re looking for an alternative to Java, you may want to look into Kotlin for Android app creation. Ni ya kisasa, lugha ya programu iliyoandikwa kitakwimu ambayo inaendeshwa kwenye Mashine ya Mtandaoni ya Java (JVM). Kotlin is officially supported for Android apps. You don’t need any prior experience in Java or Kotlin, although it is best for those with a little bit of experience in the field of application development.

One of the most appealing features of Kotlin is its simplicity. Because Kotlin is so compact, Kotlin can cut down on the amount of boilerplate code that developers must write. This greatly simplifies the developer’s work and mitigates the risks of error. Zaidi ya hayo, the language doesn’t use concision for its own sake. Too much boilerplate code leads to more bugs and wasted time.

Java

Sababu kuu kwa nini Java inatumiwa kuunda programu za Android ni kwa sababu ni rahisi kujifunza na ina vipengele vingi vya nguvu. Java ni mojawapo ya lugha maarufu zaidi za programu duniani kote na ina maktaba tajiri ya rasilimali. Inaweza kuokoa muda wa wasanidi programu kwa kuondoa hitaji la kutafuta maelezo mahususi ya mradi. Pamoja na hili, sio lugha bora kwa wanaoanza.

Kuanza, lazima uunde mradi wa Android katika Eclipse IDE. Mara umefanya hivyo, unaweza kuchagua toleo la Android na jina la programu yako, pamoja na kifurushi, darasa, na eneo la kazi. Inayofuata, unapaswa kuunda shughuli. Shughuli ni kazi tofauti ambazo mtumiaji anaweza kutekeleza kwenye skrini. Mara hii inafanywa, IDE ya Eclipse itafungua faili za rasilimali zinazofaa.

Lugha nyingine ya kawaida inayotumiwa kuunda programu za Android ni Python. While Android doesn’t support native Python development, there are open source libraries that make it easy to develop an Android app in Python. Kivy is one such library, and it encourages rapid app development. Hata hivyo, if you aren’t familiar with Python, you won’t enjoy all the benefits that Python provides native apps.

Java has many benefits over C++ and Python, but it also has its downsides. Those who choose Java for Android development are likely to be using outdated technology. While Java is the most popular language to create apps, Kotlin is also widely used. It is a modern language, and it is compatible with many Java libraries.

OnItemLongClickListener

If you have an Android app, you can implement the OnItemLongClickListeners-Interface to detect when an element is clicked. Mfumo utaita onItemLongClick() njia ikiwa kipengee kimebofya kwa muda mrefu. Njia hii basi hutuma ujumbe kwa AlertDialog.

Ili kutekeleza OnItemLongClickListeners, unda chaguo la kukokotoa katika programu yako ambalo huzalisha kitendakazi cha kupiga simu wakati wowote kipengee kinapochaguliwa au kubofya. Kipengee kinapobofya kwa muda mrefu, Mfumo wa Android utaitambua kama mbofyo mrefu na itaonyesha arifa fupi ibukizi kuashiria kuwa kubofya kwa muda mrefu kulisajiliwa.. Zaidi ya hayo, OnItemLongClickListening-Interface inahakikisha kwamba mbinu ya onItemClick inatekelezwa.. Ikiwa unajaribu kutekeleza kipengele hiki kwenye programu ya Android, hakikisha unafuata mifano.

OnSaveInstanceState()

Android kwenyeSaveInstanceState() method saves the user’s state as well as any activity member variables. This method is followed by an onRestoreInstanceState() method that restores the app’s state when it resumes. OnStart() returns data from the viewstatus, which can include data from multiple views.

If your activity contains a lot of information, you might need to save it at least once. That’s why it’s important to call onSaveInstanceState() in your Android app. This method saves the activity’s state by returning a Bundle-Object with its state. Kisha, you can use this object to re-create the Activity. You can also use Lifecycle Callback Methods to restore the state of an activity.

OnSaveInstanceState() is not always called, so you’ll need to use it carefully. Only call it when your activity is in focus, and never perform data storage operations while the activity is not in focus. This is because the Android system may delete the activity because of normal application behavior or by pressing the back button. That means the activity instance is no longer active.

Another useful feature of onSaveInstanceState() is that it allows you to save the UI-State of an Aktivitat, which means it stores the state of the app. Zaidi ya hayo, this method can be used for persistent storage. It can be used for storing configuration data. When the configuration changes, the Android code will handle it. Zaidi ya hayo, you can also use Android.screenOrientation and android.configChanges to display Toast-Meldings based on the orientation of the screen.

Simu za Mzunguko wa Maisha ya Shughuli

If you are creating an Android app, you must be aware of Activity Lifecycle Callbacks (ALC). Hizi ndizo njia ambazo hutumika wakati shughuli inapoanza au inapokoma. Wanakusaidia kudhibiti rasilimali za shughuli yako, sajili wasikilizaji, na funga kwa huduma. Unaweza pia kuzitumia kuhifadhi data ya programu. Unaweza kujifunza zaidi kuwahusu katika sehemu inayofuata. Vipigo hivi vya kupiga simu ni muhimu sana unapounda programu ya Android na vinaweza kukusaidia kuunda programu bora zaidi.

OnCreate() inaitwa wakati shughuli imeundwa, na inaunda vipengele vya UI, vifungo, na maoni. Kwenye Pause() inaitwa wakati shughuli inaenda nyuma au imefungwa. Shughuli ya juu inaomba OnPause(). Ikiwa njia hii ya kupiga simu haijaitwa, shughuli haitafufuliwa hadi Iendelee() anarudi.

The onCreate() njia ya shughuli ni njia ya msingi ya usanidi wa shughuli ambayo hufanya uanzishaji. Inatangaza UI, inafafanua vigezo vya wanachama, na husanidi programu. It also calls SDK_INT, which prevents older systems from executing new APIs. Android 2.0 (Kiwango cha API 5) and higher versions support this flag. If an older system is used, the app will encounter a runtime exception.

Activity Lifecycle Callbacks are also called when an activity changes state. The OS calls the onCreate() callback if the activity is created, onResume() if it is resumed, kwenye Pause() when the activity is in the foreground, and onDestroy() when the activity has been destroyed. If you override one of these callbacks, you must call the method of the super class. Vinginevyo, the activity may crash or end up in a strange state.