5 Izinhlaka Zokuthuthukisa Uhlelo Lokusebenza lwe-Android

Uma uthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, izindleko zivame ukuba phezulu ngenxa yenani elide lamahora adingekayo wokwenza izinhlelo. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona izinhlaka ezinekhodi yemisebenzi ejwayelekile, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuthuthukisa imisebenzi ekhethekile kusukela ekuqaleni. Kuya ngesistimu yokusebenza kanye nolimi lokuhlela olusetshenzisiwe, lezi zinhlaka zingonga isikhathi esiningi nemali. Nokho, zingabiza futhi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ubheke izinhlaka ezihambisana nezidingo zakho.

Sabela uMdabu

Inkundla entsha kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ithi React Native, uhlaka lwenkundla ehlukene olwakhiwe yi-Facebook ne-Google. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zezingxenyekazi ze-Android ne-iOS ngaphandle kokuthi ufunde izilimi zomdabu. Uhlaka luhlanganisa izinzuzo zazo zombili izinkundla, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa nokugcina zombili izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Uma ubusebenzisa i-JavaScript yezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, cishe uzofuna ukufunda i-React Native, ngoba ingakongela isikhathi esiningi nezinkinga.

I-React Native isebenzisa i-codebase eyabiwe, okwenza kube lula konjiniyela ukuthi basebenze kuphrojekthi eyodwa. Ngoba ama-codebases ayafana, onjiniyela bangachitha isikhathi esincane bakha uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye, futhi izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza zihambisana kakhulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Ngalolu hlobo lokuhambisana kwe-cross-platform, abathuthukisi bangakhomba izethameli eziningi. Ngenxa yalokho, I-React Native isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokuthuthuka, futhi kungaba utshalomali olukhulu lwebhizinisi lakho.

I-Xamarin

I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android iwuhlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla ehlukene olusebenzisa i-C# yolimi oluyinhloko lokuhlela. Lokhu kuvumela izinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kanye nokulinganisa, okuyinto enhle kunoma yimuphi umthuthukisi. Kuphinde kuqede isidingo sezindawo ezihlukene zokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuthuthukisa. I-Xamarin kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi imahhala ukuthi isetshenziswe onjiniyela ezinhlelweni zabo zokusebenza.

I-Xamarin inikeza ukuhlola okuqinile kohlobo, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yohlelo lokusebenza oluqinile. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuzulazula ikhodi futhi inciphise amaphutha esikhathi sokusebenza. Uhlaka luphinde lunikeze ngelabhulali ye-UI enamandla egoqa ama-API ahlukahlukene nama-UI abe yimojuli eyodwa. Ukusebenzisa i-Xamarin ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kuyindlela enhle yokwenza uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luthuthukiswe ngokushesha nalula. Ngenkathi onjiniyela bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-C# kungenzeka bajwayele lolu hlaka, izinzuzo ze-Xamarin zisobala.

I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ingolunye lwezinhlaka ezidume kakhulu zokuthuthukisa inkundla. I-Xamarin isekela i-C# futhi inikeza ukubophezela kwe-C# kuzici zomdabu ze-Android ne-iOS. I-Xamarin iphinde ihambisane nezinguqulo zakamuva ze-iOS ne-Android, okusho ukuthi ungazuza kuzici ezintsha nama-API ngokushesha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luyasebenzisana kuwo womabili amadivayisi. Kulula futhi ukuthuthela isicelo sakho kwenye ingxenyekazi, futhi ungahlala uyifafa kabusha ukuze uyenze ihambisane nenguqulo entsha.

Qt

I-KDAB inokuqonda okuhlukile kwe-Qt ye-Android futhi ingakusiza ukuthi uthumele ngokushesha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-C++ kule nkundla. Lolu hlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla ehlukene lunezinga eliphezulu lokuhambisana ne-Android futhi lungakhiqiza ama-UI esikrini esithintayo ngesikhathi esifushane.. Ibuye ibe nenkumbulo encane kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Yakhiwe nguBogdan Vatra, ophinde wathuthukisa uNgqongqoshe II kanye namaphrojekthi adingekayo. U-Bogdan waqala ukusebenza ku-Qt ye-Android ku 2009 futhi yashicilela i-emulator ye-Spectacol yamadivayisi e-Android ku-Google Play.

Kusukela ku-Qt 5.12.0, Onjiniyela be-Android bangakha kalula futhi bagcine izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana ngokomdabu kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kube ubuhlungu obuncane, ikwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zanoma iyiphi ingxenyekazi. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi uzodinga ukuhlanganisa nokupakisha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene. Kuzodingeka wakhe i-APK entsha equkethe inguqulo ye-64-bit yezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.

I-HyperNext Android Creator

Uma ungunjiniyela oyimfundamakhwela ofuna ukufunda indlela yokudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, I-HyperNext Android Creator iyithuluzi elihle ongaqala ngalo. Idizayinelwe abantu abangenalwazi lokuhlela, Uhlaka lokudala isofthiwe lwe-HyperNext luvumela noma ubani ukuthi akhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android esebenzisa umbhalo wesiNgisi olula. Uhlelo lumahhala futhi luhlanganisa iwindi lomklamo owodwa kanye nebha yamathuluzi. Kukhona izindlela ezintathu: indalo, ukuhlela, nokugijima. Uhlaka lokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ye-HyperNext lunembile kunolimi lokuhlela lwe-Eclipse futhi lungasetshenziswa abasaqalayo.

Nge-Android, abathuthukisi bangakwazi ukusizakala ngezindleko eziphansi zokuthuthukisa futhi bakhulise Imbuyiselo yabo Yokutshalwa Kwezimali. Njengoba i-Android SDK itholakala kalula, onjiniyela bangahlola kalula izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene we-Android. Ukwengeza, abathuthukisi bangasebenzisa imiklamo yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze bakhulise ukusebenzelana kwabasebenzisi kanye nenzuzo kubanikazi. Lokhu kwenza i-Android ibe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu samabhizinisi. Ngezinzuzo eziningi kangaka, uzojabula ngokuthi ukhethe ukusebenzisana ne-HyperNext Android Creator.

Java

Ukuze uqale ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kufanele uqale ukhethe igama lephrojekthi yakho kanye nesakhiwo ofuna ukusisebenzisa. Igama libalulekile, njengoba ikusiza ukuthi uhlukanise uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kwezinye emakethe. Ngokuvamile, uzosebenzisa isizinda sezinga eliphezulu (.com), igama lohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kanye negama lenkampani noma lenhlangano elichazayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi “com” futhi “okuthile” uma ungenaso isizinda noma igama lenkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele unqume ukuthi ufuna ukulondoloza kuphi amafayela ohlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nolimi lokubhala amakhodi ozolisebenzisa.

Ngenkathi ungase ulingeke ukuthi uhambe nolimi lokuhlela oluhlukile, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqala ngento oyaziyo. I-Java iwulimi olunamandla lwenhloso evamile olwakhiwa yi-Sun Microsystems (manje ephethwe yi-Oracle). Nakuba i-Java ine-syntax efanayo ne-C++ nezinye izilimi zokuhlela, akulona ulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphansi, futhi iningi lamakhodi libhalwe ngendlela yamakilasi nezinto. I-Java ingolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezidume kakhulu emakethe, futhi i-Android incike kakhulu kumalabhulali ajwayelekile e-Java.

Idizayini Yezinto Ezibalulekile

Lapho wakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, sebenzisa imihlahlandlela ye-Material Design ye-Google. Lesi sitayela sokuklama sisekelwe kumigomo ye-UUI edge, isibindi esiyingcaca, kanye nezithunzi ezingokoqobo. Ngaphandle kwalezi zimiso ezintathu, cabanga ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lubukeka kanjani kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma udala uhlelo lokusebenza lomdlalo, qiniseka ukuthi i-UI yomdlalo ingokoqobo ngangokunokwenzeka. Khona-ke, sebenzisa imibala elingana usayizi nokucaca kwesikrini.

I-Material Design inikeza onjiniyela inkululeko eyengeziwe lapho beklama uhlelo lokusebenza. Akugcini nje ngokunikeza onjiniyela amandla okwenza ngokwezifiso uhlelo lokusebenza, kubavumela ukuthi bakhe inani lomkhiqizo. Onjiniyela bangaxuba futhi bafanise imibala futhi bayihlanganise kuhlelo lokusebenza, okungaholela esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esidala. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ifomu nokusebenza kokubili kubalulekile, futhi ukulandela imihlahlandlela Yokudizayina Okubalulekile kungakwenza kube lula kuwe ukufeza izinjongo zakho zokudala ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ukusebenziseka.

Inhloso ye-Material Design ukulingisa umuzwa wezinto zangempela. Izinto ziqala endaweni yazo yokugcina ngokushesha, kodwa bachithe isikhathi esiningi eduze nendawo abaya kuyo. Lokhu kunciphisa imiphumela yokunyakaza kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa lesi sitayela sokuklama kufanele zisebenzise amasu afana ne-linear-out-harast-in ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokunyakaza.. Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso, abathuthukisi bangakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula, enembile, futhi ibukeka imangalisa. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ne-Material Design, hlola isihloko sethu ngakho.

Ulimi lohlelo lwe-Java

Ungase ufune ukufunda ukuthi ungazithuthukisa kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ku-Java uma usaqala. Nokho, I-Java akulona ulimi kuphela okufanele uluqaphele. Ziningi ezinye izilimi zokuhlela ongazisebenzisa, njengePython. Kunezinzuzo eziningana kanye nebubi kukho kokubili, ngakho udinga ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi ofuna ukufunda. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ezinye zezilimi ezidume kakhulu zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android.

Inzuzo yokuqala ukuthi i-Java ifundeka kalula futhi yakhelwe abaqalayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, Amaqembu okuthuthukisa i-Android ngokuvamile aqukethe abahleli bezinhlelo abasha. Lokhu kusho izindleko zokuqeqesha ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi ithimba lakho lingancika konjiniyela abanolwazi oluncane. Ekugcineni, kuyisimo sokunqoba wena nenkampani yakho! Kungumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa ulimi olungcono kakhulu ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusebenza kahle kumadivayisi e-Android.

Indlela yokuhlola

Ukuze uphumelele ngokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-android, udinga ukukhetha izindlela zokuhlola ezifanele. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokuhlola. Uhlobo lokuqala lwaziwa ngokuthi izivivinyo ze-instrumentation futhi lusetshenziselwa ikhodi yokuhlola encike kuhlaka lwe-Android. Lolu hlobo lokuhlola aludingi i-UI, kodwa idinga idivayisi ephathekayo noma i-emulator. Indlela elandelayo yaziwa ngokuthi ukuklolodela i-MainLooper. Uma usunqume kudivayisi eqondiwe, udinga ukunquma ngezindlela zokuhlola.

Ukuhlolwa kwamayunithi kuyizinhlobo ezilula zokuhlola. Lezi zisebenza emshinini wokuthuthukisa noma iseva, futhi mancane futhi agxile engxenyeni eyodwa yohlelo lokusebenza. Ngalolu hlobo lokuhlola, udinga ukusebenzisa i-simulator ye-Android, njengeRobolectric. Ukuhlola okuhlotshisiwe kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ikhodi isebenza kahle yini nesici sohlaka noma ngesizindalwazi se-SQLite. Okokuhlolwa kwe-UI, ungaqalisa ukuhlola kudivayisi ebukhoma noma kusifanisi.