Uhlelo lwe-Android ku-Java ne-Android Studio

Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamadivayisi we-Android, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-Java noma i-Kotlin. Ungafunda futhi nge-Android Studio. Kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo kuwebhu ezingakusiza ufunde ukuhlela kwe-Android. Lezi zihloko zizokusiza ukuthi ube umpetha wokufaka amakhodi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamadivayisi we-Android. Bazokufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider neminye imisebenzi ye-Android Studio.

Kotlin

Uma ubheka ukuqalisa ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, I-Kotlin ulimi lokuhlela oluzosetshenziswa. Kuyafana neJava, kodwa ine-overhead encane. Iphinde isekele intuthuko eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa, okukusiza ukubamba amaphutha njengoba kwenzeka. I-Kotlin nayo kulula ukuyifunda. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuyixuba namaphrojekthi akho akhona e-Java uze uzizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa i-Kotlin kuphela.

I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela olusebenzisana ngokugcwele, okusho ukuthi iyahambisana nekhodi ye-Java. Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi nezinhlaka ze-Java eceleni kwe-Kotlin, kodwa ulimi lufushane kakhulu futhi alunazo izici eziningi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-Java. Ngenhlanhla, ama-IDE amaningi ahambisana ne-Java namathuluzi e-SDK asekela i-Kotlin, okwenza kube lula ukufunda nokugcina.

I-Kotlin ibhalwe ngokunamandla, ulimi lokuhlela lwenhloso evamile olusebenza ku-Java Virtual Machine. Ulimi luhlanganisa izici zokusebenza nohlelo olugxile entweni. Incwadi ihlukaniswe yaba izahluko eziningana, ngezibonelo ezilula ezenza kube lula ukufunda ulimi. Kunconywa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android.

I-Kotlin ithola ukuduma njengolimi lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Lolu limi olusha lunezinzuzo eziningi, futhi abathuthukisi abaningi be-Android bayibheka njengenye indlela ye-Java. Ngaphandle kokuba yindlela ephephile futhi emfushane kakhudlwana ye-Java, I-Kotlin iphinde inikeze abathuthukisi ngamathuba amasha i-Java engeke iwafanise.

I-Kotlin iphinde isekele uhlobo lwe-inference, okusho ukuthi isihlanganisi se-Kotlin singanciphisa uhlobo lweziguquko kusukela kusiqalisi sazo. Khona-ke, ingasebenzisa i-imageUrlBase noma i-URL yesithombe ngaphandle kokuyidalula ngokusobala. I-Kotlin iphinde ihlinzeke nge-plugin ye-compiler esebenziseka kalula ukuze kucutshungulwe izichasiselo.

Java

I-Android Programmierung ku-Java ingolunye lwezilimi ezidume kakhulu zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. I-Google Play Isitolo isiphelile 3 izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyizigidi, futhi eziningi zazo zihlelwe kahle ngendlela emangalisayo. Uma ungathanda ukuqala ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, ungathola izincwadi eziningi nezifundiswa ku-inthanethi. Nokho, kudinga ukuzijwayeza nokuzinikela okuthile ukuze uphumelele. Kulesi sihloko, Ngizothinta kafushane izici ezibalulekile zalolu limi oludumile lokuhlela.

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyifunde ulimi lokuthuthukisa. Izilimi ezidume kakhulu yi-Java kanye ne-C#. Ungazama futhi ukufunda ulimi olusha njenge-Swift. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS zihlelwe nge-Swift. Ngokwesibonelo, ungafunda ukuthi ungazakha kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza nge-xCode noma i-Swift. Enye inketho ukujoyina ikilasi lokuhlela. Ngokwesibonelo, UMichael Wilhelm unikeza izifundo ze-Android.

Amadokhumenti e-Android angakusiza uqonde imiqondo kangcono. Ngokwesibonelo, ungafunda mayelana nezimvume ezahlukahlukene uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluzodinga ukuzifinyelela, njengokungena encwadini yocingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda ukusebenzisa amalabhulali namathuluzi anikezwe i-Google. Le sethi yamathuluzi, ebizwa nge-Android Software Development Toolkit (I-SDK), iqukethe amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise i-emulator.

Ngokungafani ne-C++, I-Android ine-JavaVM eyodwa kuphela ngenqubo ngayinye. Ngenxa yalokho, uzodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uvikela i-jclass yakho nge-NewGlobalRef. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ikhodi yakho izosebenza kuwo wonke amadivayisi we-Android.

Ukuhlela okugxile entweni kuyikhono elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android. Kukusiza ukuthi ubhale ikhodi esebenziseka kabusha. I-Java iphinde isetshenziswe kabanzi ngabahleli bezinhlelo ngenxa yamakhono ayo e-cross-platform kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Uzodinga ukuqonda i-Java kahle ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungazithuthukisa kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu kunezinye izilimi eziningi, futhi kuyisinqumo esihle uma uhlela ukusebenza kumapulatifomu ahlukahlukene.

ShareActionProvider

I-ShareActionProvider wuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-ActionProvider ongalusebenzisa ukuze udale isenzo esihlobene nokwabelana ngaphakathi kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android.. Isebenzisa i-ACTION_SEND Intent ukuze idale futhi ibonise ukubuka okuhlobene nokwabelana. Ukuze unike amandla i-ShareActionProvider, ungayengeza kumenyu yakho yezinketho. Lokhu kuzokwenza i-ShareActionProvider ibonakale njengesithonjana sokufika endaweni ethile Kubha Yesenzo. Uma uchofoza isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza, i-ShareActionProvider izoqalisa umsebenzi ohlobene nokwabelana walolo hlelo lokusebenza.

Ungasebenzisa futhi i-ShareActionProvider ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Uma uke wafuna ukwabelana ngesithombe nabangani bakho, ungasebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider ukufeza lokhu. Ungabelana ngesixhumanisi, isithombe, noma iyiphi enye into nabanye abasebenzisi. Futhi ingxenye engcono kakhulu, kumahhala ngokuphelele! Kuyindlela elula yokwabelana ngokuthile kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android!

Ukuze usebenzise i-ShareActionProvider kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android, uzodinga ukuba nephrojekthi ye-Android. Ngemva kwalokho, xhuma idivayisi yakho ye-Android ne-PC yakho usebenzisa i-ADB. Uma usuxhunyiwe, i-ShareActionProvider izodala iphrojekthi entsha futhi ithumele idatha kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ngemva kwalokho, usukulungele ukuqala ukubhala ikhodi!

I-ActionProvider isici esisha esethulwe ku-Android 4.0. Idlulisela umthwalo wokubukeka nokuziphatha kwento yemenyu kwenye isevisi. Ingase futhi idale imenyu encane enezenzo zokwabelana ezifanele. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider ukuze ubonise isenzo sokwabelana kumenyu yokuchichima. Nge-ShareActionProvider, ungakwazi ukwabelana ngedatha yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngokunikeza inhloso yomsebenzisi ukwabelana ngento.

I-ShareActionProvider iwumtapo wezincwadi we-Android owusizo ongaphatha izenzo zabasebenzisi abaningi. Kwenza ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android kube lula. Kuphinde kukusize ukuthi udale imenyu yokwabelana ku-ActionBar yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangabelana nganoma iyiphi idatha evela kuhlelo lwabo lokusebenza nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-Android Studio

I-Android Studio iyi-IDE yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Inezici eziningi ezenza kube lula kuwe ukuthi uthuthukise futhi ulungise amaphutha amaphrojekthi akho. Ngaphezu kwezici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, I-Android Studio iphinde isekele ukusetshenziswa kwama-plugin ezinkampani zangaphandle. Lawa ma-plugin akuvumela ukuthi usheshise isikhathi sakho sokwakha, sebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene wokulungisa iphutha, futhi nokuningi.

I-Android Studio iyi-IDE esemthethweni ye-Google yohlelo lwe-Android. Isekelwe kwisofthiwe ye-IntelliJ IDEA. Ifaka izici ezifanayo zokuhlela amakhodi ezinamandla njenge-IntelliJ IDEA, kodwa igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android. Phakathi kwezici zayo ukusekelwa kohlelo lokwakha olusekelwe ku-Gradle, i-emulator, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Github. Iphinde ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlobo ezahlukene zephrojekthi, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, imitapo yolwazi, kanye ne-Google App Engine.

Esinye isici se-Android Studio isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Iwindi elikhulu lihlukaniswe ngamafasitelana, okunikeza ukuzizwisa okunembile kokuzulazula. Ungenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka nomuzwa wohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ngokulungisa umbala walo, usayizi, nezinye izilungiselelo. I-Android Studio inikeza izici eziningi ongazikhetha, kufaka phakathi ukubuka kwenkinga lapho ungabona khona kalula amaphutha abonwayo wokubhala amakhodi ne-syntax.

Uma usudale uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ngesifanekiso Somsebenzi Ongenalutho, I-Android Studio iyilayisha kusifanisi futhi iyisebenzise. Uma isilungile, I-Android Studio ibonisa uhlelo lokusebenza oludalile kufasitelana le-Run. Kusukela lapha, ungabuka kuqala uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kuzinguqulo ezahlukene ze-Android kanye namadivayisi eselula adumile.

I-Android Studio for Android Programming ikunikeza ngendawo yokuthuthukisa edidiyelwe, qedela ngomhleli wekhodi nomphathi wephakheji. Ungalanda i-Android Studio ye-Mac ne-Windows. Ungasebenzisa futhi umugqa womyalo ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Into eyodwa okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi i-Android Studio akuyona ukuphela kwe-IDE yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Onjiniyela be-Android bangasebenzisa futhi umugqa womyalo kanye nencwajana ukuze benze izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza.

I-Eclipse IDE ingelinye ithuluzi elihle lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android. Isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile enikeza indawo ehlukile ye-codebase, anhlobonhlobo amathuluzi, kanye nendawo yokuthuthukisa enamandla. I-Eclipse iphinde isekele izilimi eziningi kune-Android Studio. Nalezi zici, Onjiniyela be-Android bangabhala ama-codebases futhi bawalungiselele ukusebenza okuphezulu.