Ungaqala Kanjani Ukuthuthukiswa Kohlelo Lokusebenza lwe-Android

Kunokucatshangelwa okumbalwa okubalulekile uma kuziwa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android Entwicklung: Ikhodi ehlanzekile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenasiphazamisi, izinhlaka zesimanje, nokwenza imali. Lesi sihloko sizohlola la maphuzu futhi sikusize ukhethe inkundla efanelekile. Iphinde ixoxe ngezinye izinqubo ezihamba phambili namathuluzi atholakalayo ukukusiza ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle ze-Android. Ngesikhathi usuqedile, kufanele wazi kahle ukuthi yini ongayilindela ohlelweni. Futhi ungakhathazeki, sizokwenza konke okubalulekile, kusukela kokuyisisekelo kuya kumasu athuthukile.

Amathuluzi

Ukuze uphumelele ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kufanele ufunde ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele. Ikhithi yonjiniyela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-Android iyithuluzi elihle ongaqala ngalo. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ikhodi yomthombo futhi udale amapulatifomu ayi-hybrid. Amanye amathuluzi abalulekile okuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ahlanganisa indawo yokubhala ikhodi eku-inthanethi namathuluzi okuhlanganyela amakhodi. I-Git, ithuluzi elidumile le-inthanethi, isingatha izigidi zamaphrojekthi futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ungasebenzisa i-Git ukubhala, hlela, futhi ubuyekeze ikhodi ngonjiniyela abangaphezu koyedwa. Iza nebhokisi lamathuluzi elihlanganisa konke lokulandelela izinguquko nokuvumelanisa izinguqulo.

Amathuluzi angcono kakhulu okuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuvikeleka. Kulezi zinsuku, ikhwalithi yesofthiwe ibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi esimanje. Ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kuqala ngomqondo. Uma umqondo usucacile, kudwetshwa umdwebo onzima wesakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza. Le nqubo ibe isetshenziselwa ukudala isixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza. Uma lo mklamo usugunyaziwe, ikhodi ihlolwe futhi icwengisiswe. Ngemva kwalokho, yakhelwe ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-android lwempilo yangempela.

Amathuluzi angcono kakhulu okuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android angenza yonke inqubo ibe lula. Angasetshenziselwa ukulungisa iphutha, test, futhi wakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amadivaysi aphathekayo. Ithuluzi lesiphathi se-AVD, Ngokwesibonelo, ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene ngaphandle kwedivayisi ephathekayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi injini yegeyimu ye-Unity 3D, enesethi enkulu yezici. Kunconywa kunoma ubani osebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.

I-Android SDK iza nezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi okuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Kubandakanya Umphathi Womsebenzi, esebenzisana nayo yonke imisebenzi eku-Android. Kuhlanganisa futhi Nomhlinzeki Wokuqukethwe, esebenza njengomhlinzeki wedatha kwezinye izifundo futhi engumxhumanisi wezicelo. Elinye ithuluzi eliwusizo lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android Isiphathi Sensiza, okukusiza ukuthi uphathe izinsiza zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Leli thuluzi futhi likuvumela ukuthi ungenise izinto ezinkulu ezidwetshiwe futhi ugcine ilogo yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, noma i-mipmap.

Amasu

Uma umusha ekwakheni izinhlelo zokusebenza, ungase uthole ukuthi inkundla ye-Android iyindawo engcono kakhulu yokuqala. Inkundla ye-Android inesabelo semakethe esikhulu futhi inamandla okuxazulula ezinye zezinkinga zethu zansuku zonke. Ziningi izindlela zokufunda ukuthi ungazakha kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, kusuka kumidlalo elula kuya kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lokuqala lwe-Android. Ungase ufune ukuqala ngokwakha imidlalo elula nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ihadiwe eyakhelwe kudivayisi. Ekugcineni, ungase ufune ukuqhubekela ekubhaleni amakhodi okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngenkathi i-Android iyinkundla enamandla kakhulu, akulula ukuthuthukisa njengoba abanye abantu bekwenza. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kunezingxenye ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Lezi zingxenye zifaka phakathi umsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo sedatha. Umsebenzi yingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza oluhlinzeka ngokubonwa komsebenzisi. Ingase futhi ibe nezindawo eziningi zokungena. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ikwazi ukukala futhi ihambisane namadivayisi ahlukene. Uma uqala ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, uzodinga ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nalesi sakhiwo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android wethulwa lapho umsebenzisi athepha isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza. Lo msebenzi ungaqondiswa kusuka kunoma iyiphi indawo. Uhlelo lokusebenza lungaphinda lusebenzise i-WorkManager ukwenza imisebenzi yangemuva ngaphandle kwe-UI. Kufanele ubhale i-hypothesis yephrojekthi yakho ngaphambi kokuthi uqale noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Uma usunayo i-hypothesis, ungaqala ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ungasebenzisa izinsiza ezahlukene kumadivayisi ahlukene.

ukwenza imali

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza imali lapho uthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Okokuqala, ungakhetha ukushumeka izikhangiso kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, ezingaphazamisi kakhulu kunezinye izikhangiso. Okwesibili, ungakhetha ukuthumela izaziso ze-SMS kubasebenzisi bakho, okungakhuphula ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi. Ekugcineni, ungakhetha ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhokhele izikhangiso zakho uma bezithola ziwusizo. Nokho, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kunenani lezinkinga ezingaba khona ngokuthenga kwangaphakathi nohlelo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza imali ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukusebenzisa indlela engaphezu kweyodwa. Uma indlela eyodwa ihluleka, abanye bangase bahluleke futhi. 2D-imidlalo, Ngokwesibonelo, ziwuhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingathuthukiswa. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kulula ukuzidala, kuthatha amasonto ambalwa nje ukwakha, futhi zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ungaphinda uthumele umbono wohlelo lokusebenza olusha bese upheqa amakhasi ohlelo lokusebenza ukuze uthole izibonelo.

Ukwenza imali kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Patenschaftsmodell, noma “khokha ukuze uwine” imodeli. Kulo modeli, abasebenzisi bangakhokhela izici ze-premium ezifana namaleveli engeziwe noma ama-munns. Nokho, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa le ndlela kuphela uma izothuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ngokuthola umlingani ofanele, ungakwazi ukwandisa inzuzo yakho ngokuthenga ngaphakathi nohlelo. Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuthola isisekelo somsebenzisi esifanayo kanye nemodeli yemali engenayo efanelekile.

Indlela edume kakhulu ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zama-smartphone, njengoba i-Android inesabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ukuze uphromothe umkhiqizo wakho futhi uxhumane namakhasimende akho. Amathuba cishe awapheli, futhi imakethe yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android inkulu. Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza kumadivayisi eselula afana nama-smartphone namakhompyutha wethebhulethi. Ungakwazi ngisho nokwenza isicelo sokuthi ibhizinisi lihlale lithintana namakhasimende alo.

imodeli yebhizinisi

Ngenkathi sihlola ukuba nokwenzeka kokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kubalulekile ukunquma uhlobo lwemodeli yebhizinisi. Amasevisi azwela okuqukethwe yizinsizakalo ezinikezwa amakhasimende kumongo. Lawa masevisi ngokuvamile enziwa umuntu siqu kumsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathintwa yizici zangaphandle, njengezinguquko zobuchwepheshe kanye nokushintsha izimfuno zamakhasimende. Isigaba esilandelayo sinemininingwane yokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani imodeli yebhizinisi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Umgomo walesi sihloko ukukusiza uqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene zamamodeli ebhizinisi futhi unqume ukuthi iyiphi esebenza kahle kakhulu ebhizinisini lakho.

Ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphakathi endlini kungase kudle isikhathi futhi kungase kudinge izinsiza zangaphandle. Kushibhe kakhulu ukuqasha iqembu langaphandle, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakha iqembu lakho. Ungaphinda ubonise izindaba zempumelelo zenkampani yakho ngokuqasha unjiniyela we-Android ochwepheshe. Unjiniyela omuhle uzoba nolwazi ngezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza futhi ajwayele izitaki zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele akwazi ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube kanye nezomdabu.

Ngenkathi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza ku-Android kuyimodeli yebhizinisi esebenza kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ngaphandle kokuhambisana ne-GDPR, onjiniyela kufanele futhi bacabangele ukuthi bayivikela kanjani idatha yomsebenzisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenakho ukuhlanganiswa kufanele zihambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile. Ukubethelwa kwedatha, I-SSL, kanye nenqubomgomo eqinile yephasiwedi ibalulekile. Ukuvikeleka kufanele kwakhelwe emkhiqizweni ngezingqimba futhi kufake izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, njengamafayela, database, ukuxhumana, nokuphatheka kwedatha.

Uma uthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS, udinga ukubhalisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza esitolo sohlelo lokusebenza se-Apple. Le nqubo ibiza cishe $99 USD ngonyaka. Google, Ngokwesinye isandla, icela kuphela $25 I-USD yokubhalisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ngakho, kufanele ube nokuqonda okucacile kwemodeli yebhizinisi lakho ngaphambi kokuqala ngokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Uma usubhalise uhlelo lwakho kokubili, sekuyisikhathi sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Izindleko

Uma kuziwa ezindlekweni zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, ungalindela ukuchitha noma yikuphi ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ama-euro kuya emashumini ambalwa ezinkulungwane zama-euro. Nokho, imali oyisebenzisayo izoncika enkingeni yephrojekthi yakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile zidinga izixazululo zezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi nezikhathi zokulayisha ngokushesha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ithimba lethu linolwazi ngemisebenzi enjalo, okunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi somsebenzi nezindleko ezihambisanayo.

Enye yezindleko ezinkulu ezihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza imali yokumaketha. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela zokunciphisa lezi zindleko ngokusebenzisa amabhulokhi wokwakha wephrojekthi yakho. Lezi zivimbi zokwakha zingakusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo futhi olungabizi. Ngaphezu kwezindleko zamabhlogo wokwakha, kuzodingeka futhi ukhokhele i-akhawunti kanjiniyela, kanye nezimali zokumaketha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukhokhele ukuthuthukiswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza nokuhlanganiswa kwe-API, okwengeza izindleko zizonke.

Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa unjiniyela wenkampani yangaphandle, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola amanani akho kokubili ukuhlela nokuqasha. Izinkokhelo zokuqasha umthuthukisi wohlelo lokusebenza zivame ukuba phezulu kakhulu e-Germany futhi zibophezeleka ngokuqondile emiholweni yabahleli bohlelo.. Nokho, uma uhlela ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwakho, uzokwazi ukunciphisa izindleko zephrojekthi yakho ngangokunokwenzeka 80 iphesenti! Uzoba nenzuzo yokuba neqembu elincane, okunciphisa izindleko zephrojekthi zizonke.

Enye indlela yokunciphisa izindleko ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili. I-Android inezingxenye eziningi zehadiwe, kuyilapho i-iOS inezimbalwa nezincane eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba lokhu kwakamuva kuyisinqumo esingcono sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kubiza kakhulu kunakuqala. Kanjalo, ungase uthande ukucabangela uhlelo lokusebenza oluxubile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezixubile zonga kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezihlukene. Kodwa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zizotholakala kumasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene, njenge-Android ne-iOS.