Uzakha kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android nge-Java, Kotlin, C++, kanye ne-Snapseed

Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi ulwakha kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, impendulo iwukuba uqale nge Java noma Kotlin. Uzodinga nolwazi oluhloniphekile lwe-C++ noma i-Snapseed. Uma ungazi ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zilimi, ungakhathazeki – sizochaza okuyisisekelo. Uma usuzazi izisekelo, ungaqala ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza nokusebenzisana nazo kudivayisi yakho! Ngemva kwakho konke, ungumsebenzisi nje ojwayelekile, kwesokudla?

Java

Cishe uzwile nge-Android, kodwa ungase ungazazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zenkundla ye-Android kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile phakathi konjiniyela abaningi. I-Android Studio iyithuluzi elihamba phambili lokuthuthukisa i-Android futhi iza nezinhlobonhlobo zamalabhulali anamandla ekhodi, kufaka phakathi okokufundisa kwe-Java. Iphinde ibe nengxenye yemibhalo ebanzi, futhi ungaqala ngamavidiyo wokufundisa ngokushesha. Kodwa kufanele futhi ube nolwazi oluthile lwe-Java ukuze wenze inqubo ijabulise futhi ikhiqize.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungaqala kuphi uma kuziwa ekufundeni i-Java, cishe uzofuna ukulanda enye yezifundo zamahhala. Izifundo ezikulezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile ziwusizo kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzilandela. Labo abangazi okuningi ngeJava kufanele baqale ngo-Enki. Ikuvumela ukuthi ufunde izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Java futhi ukusebenzise empilweni yangempela. I-Dcoder ne-DroidEdit ama-IDE amabili e-Java angcono kakhulu e-Android. Zombili zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ikhodi ngqo kusuka ku-smartphone yakho, ukubenza ithuluzi eliphelele labaqalayo.

Nakuba i-Android kungeyona inkundla ekahle yalo lonke uhlobo lonjiniyela, I-Java isalokhu iwulimi lokuhlela oludume kakhulu kumadivayisi eselula. Onjiniyela abaningi abangochwepheshe basebenzisa i-Java ukuze benze izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza. Ukuphatheka kwenkundla ye-Android nokujwayelana nalolu limi lokuhlela kuyenza ibe inketho enhle kunoma ubani othuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuthi wenze isinqumo sokushintshela ku-Android, kufanele ucabangele imakethe yakho eqondiwe. Ziningi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Java ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android. Uma uhlela ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba jikelele, I-Java iyisinqumo esifanele kakhulu.

I-IDE enhle ye-Android ibalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ikhodi yakho ihlanganiswe ngendlela efanele. I-JStudio inezinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izici zokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela nezici zokuqedela ikhodi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inetheminali eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze imiyalo ehlobene ne-Android. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikusiza ukuphatha amafayela e-java, kopisha futhi unamathisele ikhodi, futhi wenze nokuhlola iphutha ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Java ku-Android kube nomoya oshisayo.

Kotlin

I-Java ulimi oludala kakhulu lokuhlela, futhi isabusa umhlaba wokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza. Amakhono ayo okubhala okusezingeni eliphezulu ayenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu konjiniyela abaningi, kodwa inakho ukuhlehla. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android kwenze kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ulimi olusha lwekhodi. I-Kotlin yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android iwulimi olulodwa olunjalo. Ngesimemezelo sakamuva esivela ku-Google, I-Kotlin manje isiwulimi oluncanyelwayo lokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android.

Nakuba i-syntax ye-Kotlin ifana ne-Java, kukhona umehluko ohlukile phakathi kwe-Java ne-Kotlin. Okokuqala, I-Kotlin isekela kokubili uhlelo lwenqubo nolugxile entweni. Ithayiphiwe ngokwezibalo, okusho ukuthi izinhlobo zedatha zingachazwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: engasenakuqedwa futhi engenakuqedwa. Lokhu kwakamuva kuyasiza ekugcineni isizinda sekhodi sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android. Ungakwazi futhi ukudala amakilasi asebenziseka kabusha nezingxenye ku-Kotlin ngokusebenzisa iwizadi yephrojekthi.

Omunye umehluko phakathi kwe-Java ne-Kotlin yindlela yokwandisa. Ngenkathi i-Java inikeza i-API yokwelula amakilasi akhona, I-Kotlin ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze igama lekilasi egameni lomsebenzi. Ku-Java, kufanele uzuze ifa lesigaba sabazali’ imisebenzi. Kodwa e-Kotlin, ungakwazi ukwengeza igama lakho lomsebenzi futhi uzuze i-API yekilasi elifanayo. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukunweba ukusebenza kwekilasi lakho ngaphandle kokuguqula isakhiwo salo noma ikhodi.

Njenganoma yiluphi ulimi olusha, ukufunda Kotlin akulula. Kunezinkinga ezithile okufanele uzazi ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kuphrojekthi yakho. Uma ungakalungeli ijika lokufunda, kungcono ukunamathela olimini lokuhlela olujwayelekile njenge-Java. Nakuba kungase kube inselele kwabaqalayo, kuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sonjiniyela be-Android abangomakadebona. Ulimi ngokuqhathaniswa kulula ukulufunda futhi luqondise inqubo yokuthuthukisa yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zangokwezifiso.

Nakuba kulula ukufunda i-Java futhi ijwayeleke kakhulu konjiniyela, ayinikezi izici ezifanayo njenge-Kotlin. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Java ayiwasekeli ama-coroutines, okuyimodeli yokuhlela evumela ukuthi kudalwe imicu eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukusebenzisa imicu eminingi kwandisa usayizi we-codebase futhi kungaholela emaphutheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Onjiniyela be-Java kumele bahlole mathupha izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo futhi bazikhiphe ngokusekelwe kuma-opharetha abo. I-Kotlin inikeza inhlanganisela ehlakaniphile eshintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulingisa okungasasebenzi ngamavelu azinzile.

C++

Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kufanele wazi ukuthi i-C++ inenani lezinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-Java. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-C++ ishesha kakhulu kuma-algorithms afaka okuguquguqukayo okuningi. Futhi, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ukudala izinjini zegeyimu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-CPU, kufanele ucabange ukusebenzisa i-C++. I-Java inokungalungi okuningi, ngakho-ke kufanele ufunde i-Java ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-C++. Lesi sihloko sizochaza izinzuzo ze-C++ zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android.

I-Java iwulimi oluhle lokuhlela, kodwa i-C++ inezinzuzo eziningana. Iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ithatha inkumbulo encane kune-Java, futhi kulula ukuqhathanisa isofthiwe ehlukene. I-C++ nayo ishesha kune-Java, ngakho-ke uzokwazi ukuthola izimbungulu kalula. Nokho, I-C++ ayinakho ukusebenzelana okujwayelekile komsebenzisi njenge-Java. I-C++ ingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ayinazo izici eziningi. I-C++ nayo iyinkimbinkimbi kune-Java, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele lo mehluko ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa kuphi.

Ukuze udale iphrojekthi entsha, vula i-IDE. Zulazulela kufasitelana lephrojekthi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-IDE. Kusuka kumenyu yokudonsela phansi, khetha uhla lwemibhalo olusha noma ifayela lomthombo le-C++. Chofoza imenyu yokudonsela phansi yohlobo ukuze ukhethe isandiso sefayela. Ungabese usebenzisa inkinobho ethi Enza Ngokwezifiso i-C++ Support ukuze wengeze amafayela engeziwe kuphrojekthi. Kungenjalo, ungakha iphrojekthi entsha bese uyikhetha njenge-'Native C++’ uhlobo lwephrojekthi.

Olunye ulimi lokuhlela oludumile lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android yi-Java. Lolu wulimi lwezinhlelo oludala kakhulu nolusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi lusadumile ngenxa yomtapo walo obanzi namandla okuhlanganisa. I-Kotlin iyindlela ethandwayo ye-Java. Iwulimi lwenkundla ehlukene futhi ishesha ngokwanele kumadivayisi eselula. Iphinde ikhiqize ama-executable amancane. Naphezu kobunzima bayo, I-Java iyisinqumo esihle sabathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android.

I-Snapseed

Uma ufuna uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthuthukisa izithombe zakho, I-Snapseed iyisinqumo esifanele. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lunikeza ikhono lokusebenzisa izihlungi zedijithali futhi uthuthukise izithombe zakho. Ithuthukiswe yi-Nik Software, uhlelo lokusebenza manje seluphethwe yi-Google. Ungathola ukuthi uyilanda kanjani futhi usebenzise i-Snapseed mahhala ku-Google Play. Nawa amanye amathiphu okwenza izithombe zakho zibukeke kangcono. – Ungavumeli izithombe zakho zibe yisicefe.

– Kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Uma ufuna uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlela isithombe olungathathi isikhala esiningi, I-Snapseed iyisinqumo esihle. Inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esilula esinezihlungi ezisebenziseka kalula. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lungakhanga abasebenzisi abathanda ukusebenzisa izihlungi namathuluzi alula ezithombeni zabo. Iphinde ihambisane namafayela e-RAW DNG. Ukusebenzisa i-Snapseed kuwumoya!

– Ifake kudivayisi yakho. Ungalanda i-Snapseed apk ku-Google Play Isitolo noma ngokwenza kweminye imithombo. Qinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi yakho ihlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zesistimu ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi iyasebenzisana nohlelo lokusebenza. Uma isifakiwe, vula uhlelo lokusebenza bese uqala ukuhlela izithombe zakho. Isofthiwe izocela imvume yokufinyelela izithombe zakho. Uma usuqede zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo, i-snapseed izotholakala kudivayisi yakho.

– Thuthukisa izithombe zakho kalula. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android lwe-Snapseed lunokuxhumana okufanayo nenguqulo ye-iPad. Njengozakwabo we-iOS, I-Snapseed ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze izihlungi zedijithali futhi uthuthukise izithombe zakho. Ungakwazi futhi ukulondoloza izithombe zakho zokugcina ezihleliwe ukuze wabelane nabanye. Uma ungumthwebuli wezithombe oyimfundamakhwela, I-Snapseed ikufanele ngempela ukuzama. Kodwa kungase kudingeke uchithe isikhathi esithile ufunda ngakho ngaphambi kokuyilanda. Uzojabula ngokuthi ukwenzile.

– Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphulukisa. Leli thuluzi likusiza ukuthi ususe izinto ezincane ezithombeni zakho. Nakuba ingaphelele, ingalungisa amaphutha amancane namabala. Sebenzisa ithuluzi Lokwelapha ukuze ususe izinto ezincane ezithombeni zakho. Lesi sici sisetshenziswa kangcono nezithombe zezinto ezingenalutho. Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi Lokwelapha kugqamisa izindawo ezibomvu esithombeni sakho futhi esikhundleni sazo kufakwe amaphikseli endaweni ezungezile. Uma ufuna ukuhlehlisa ushintsho, thepha inkinobho ethi Buka Ukuhlela.