Ungahlela kanjani kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android

Uma kuziwa ekwenzeni izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, ukufunda ulimi olufanele lokuhlela kubalulekile. Izindlela ezimisiwe zokuthuthukisa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ziqinile futhi zikhawulela abahleli bohlelo’ inkululeko. Lezi zindlela zisetshenziselwa ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula, kodwa uma ufuna ukuzishintsha, kufanele ufunde ikhodi ye-Java nolwazi lobuchwepheshe.

Java

Ukuhlela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android akuwona umsebenzi olula, futhi idinga ukuqonda okujulile kwe-Java. Ngiyabonga, kukhona amakhithi wokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza angasiza ngenqubo yokuthuthukisa. Uma ungayazi i-Java, umhlahlandlela wabaqalayo olimini ungakusiza ukuthi uqalise.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa izihloko ezibalulekile ozozidinga ukuze udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezichwepheshile ku-Android. Ukuthi usaqala noma ufuna isingeniso esiphelele solimi, I-Android-App-Programmieren ku-Java izokusiza ukuthi wakhe futhi wethule uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lokuqala lwe-Android. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula oluqondiswe kubasebenzisi abaningi, I-Android-App-Programming ku-Java inkambo ekulungele. Le ncwadi futhi inikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuku-inthanethi okubukhoma kanye nokufinyelela kokungaphezu kwalokho 200 ozakwethu abathembekile bokushicilela.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zinezingxenye eziningi ezahlukene. Ingxenye eyodwa yi-ShareActionProvider. Le ngxenye izokuvumela ukuthi wabelane ngokuqukethwe kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ungakwazi ukumisa isigaba se-ShareActionAction kuphrojekthi yakho ye-Android, bese usebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider ukuthumela idatha ukusuka komunye umsebenzi kuya komunye.

Kotlin

Uma uzama ukufunda ukuthi ungazihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, uzofuna ukufunda i-Kotlin. Ulimi oluvumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi lusekelwa i-Android Studio. Uma ufuna indlela yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokushesha nakalula, I-Kotlin iyindlela yokuhamba.

I-Kotlin ihlanganisa ku-Java bytecode, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luzobukeka futhi luzizwe njenge-Java. Ihambisana nama-AVD, okusho ukuthi ungafaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Kotlin ngaphandle kokuthi ubhale kabusha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezikhona. Ukuze uqalise, mane udale ifayela elisha le-Kotlin ngokuchofoza u-Control-directory yakho yohlelo lokusebenza bese ukhetha “Umsebenzi omusha we-Kotlin”.

Ngemva kokufaka i-Kotlin, kufanele ususe umkhombandlela we-Java. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Kotlin zizosebenza endaweni ye-Android njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Java. Uma ungajwayele uKotlin, ungalanda uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android Studio ukuze ufunde ukuthi uluhlela kanjani.

Enye inketho enhle yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android i-XML, ulimi lokumaka. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kakhulu kune-Java futhi ungabhala uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nge-XML, ilayishe kumadivayisi e-Android, futhi uyihlole endaweni yangempela. Ukwengeza, Ama-smartphones e-Android anesitoreji sangaphakathi samafayela nezizindalwazi ezincane.

Inhloso-C

I-Objective-C ingolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezinamandla ze-Android. Nakuba ingenawo amandla njenge-Swift, kulula ukuyifunda futhi ingasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshayo. Uma ufuna ukufunda indlela yokubhala ikhodi ye-Android, kufanele uqale nge-Objective-C. Kunenqwaba yezifundo eziku-inthanethi ezizokusiza ukuthi uqalise.

Ungafunda i-Objective-C ngokulandela isibonelo sephrojekthi. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-Objective-C ukuze udale owakho umdlalo. I-Objective-C isekelwa kokubili i-iPhone ne-Android NDK, futhi ungayisebenzisa ukushayela ngokuqondile ikhodi ye-C. Ungathola futhi amaphrojekthi ayisibonelo we-Android.

I-Android ihlinzeka ngohlaka lohlelo lokusebenza olucebile namalabhulali e-API akwenza kube lula ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza nemidlalo emisha. Ngenkathi i-Swift iwulimi lwabaqalayo, I-Objective-C iwulimi olunamandla lonjiniyela be-Android ne-iOS. Ukubulawa kwayo okusheshayo, isivikelo, kanye nesimo esingavamile sokusebenzisana kubalulekile ekudaleni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisabelayo nezibheke kumthengi. Ngenkathi i-Swift ne-Objective-C zombili ziyi-OOP, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ezofanela kangcono izidingo zakho.

Ngaphandle kwe-Swift ne-Objective-C, I-Apple iphinde inikeze i-Swift. Indawo yokuthuthukisa i-Xcode kufanele ifakwe kwi-Mac noma ikhompuyutha yakwa-Apple. Ama-MacBooks amakhompyutha anconyelwe ukufakwa kwe-Xcode. Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela ku-akhawunti kanjiniyela we-Apple, uzodinga ukubhalisa ngekheli lakho le-imeyili futhi ukhokhe 82 I-EUR njalo ngonyaka.

I-Swift

Kunezindlela eziningana ezihlukene zokufunda i-Swift ye-Android. Enye indlela iwukubhalisela isifundo se-inthanethi. Ezinye izifundo zamahhala zizokunikeza izisekelo zolimi, kuyilapho ezinye zizohlanganisa izihloko ezithuthuke kakhulu. Kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo zezifundo ze-kostenpflichtig ezitholakalayo. Uma ungumhleli onolwazi, ungafunda futhi ukwenza ikhodi ku-Swift.

Ukuthi uyafuna ukufunda ulimi lwe-Android, iOS, noma kokubili, kufanele uqale uqonde umehluko wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwalezi zinkundla. Lo mehluko ufinyezwe kuthebula elingezansi. Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi kungaba ngcono ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili ezihlukene ukuze zibhekelele ingxenyekazi ngayinye, lokhu akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu. Isixazululo esisodwa esingaba khona yiCross-Platform Programming, okunye kwaziwa njengokubhala kanye nokusebenza noma yikuphi.

Ngaphezu kwe-Swift, ungasebenzisa nezinye izilimi ukuthuthukisa i-Android. Ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-Java, C++, noma i-Python ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Zombili lezi zilimi zikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ungafunda ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani usebenzisa okokufundisa nezinye izinsiza ezahlukahlukene.

Uchungechunge lwe-XML

I-XML ingelinye lamafomethi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Izinzuzo zakhona zihlanganisa ukuzimela endawenikazi kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa le fomethi edumile. Imibhalo ye-XML ngokuyisisekelo ayizakhiwo zesihlahla ezinezici eziningi, noma izakhi zezimpande. I-elementi ngayinye ingaba namanani amaningi, noma okuguquguqukayo.

Iyunithi yezinhlamvu iyunithi yokugcina idatha ye-XML-Zeichenkett, futhi lonke iseli kulungu elifanayo liqukethe into. Lesi sakhi sibizwa ngokuthi umugqa, futhi iqukethe ulwazi mayelana namathuluzi ezezimali. I-XML-Strings iyacutshungulwa futhi iboniswe kumsebenzisi usebenzisa i-DOM-Schnittstelle.

I-XML-Aktiendaten ingafundwa ngendlela entsha yokufundaXmlAktiendaten. Le ndlela idlulisa i-XML-String futhi ibuyisela I-String-Array equkethe ulwazi lwezezimali olufanele. Lokhu kudluliselwa endleleni ye-onPostExecute, ecelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho umsebenzi ongavumelanisiwe usuqedile.

Indlela Yokuphila

Ku-Lifecycle-Methode yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, umsebenzi ngamunye uqala futhi uphele. I-Android isebenzisa lo mjikelezo wempilo ukuze ilawule izinsiza futhi iqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luphendula ngokushesha esicelweni somsebenzisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingalandeli umjikelezo wempilo ngokuvamile zinikeza ulwazi lomsebenzisi olubi futhi zisebenzisa izinsiza ngokungadingekile.

Kumsebenzi we-Android, i-OnPause() Indlela ibizwa ngokuthi uma umsebenzi uyeka noma unqanyulwa. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukulondoloza idatha kuhlelo lokusebenza, bhalisa abalaleli, bese ucupha izibuyekezo ze-UI. Ibizwa nangokuthi uma umsebenzisi ecindezela inkinobho yasekhaya.

I-Lifecycle-Methode iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Ngesikhathi soshintsho ekucushweni, Isimo somsebenzi siyashintsha. Lokhu kushintsha ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, I-Android ine-API ezinikele yokugcina isimo phakathi nezinguquko zokumisa.

I-Lifecycle-Methode yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ikuvumela ukuthi uqale futhi umise Umsebenzi. Umsebenzi ungaqalwa nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi obhaliswe kudivayisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zizoba nomsebenzi othile. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lungasebenzi, i-Android OS ingazama ukuyiqalisa kabusha emsebenzini wokugcina ovuliwe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, i-OS ingamisa okwesikhashana umsebenzi futhi ibuyise inkumbulo yayo.

I-Google App Inventor

I-App Inventor iyithuluzi lokuhlela elibonakalayo elikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Kuyisevisi esekelwe emafini okufanele uyisebenzise ne-akhawunti ye-Google. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile labathuthukisi be-Android. Ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe futhi usebenzise kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi.

I-App Inventor iyatholakala njengendlela yokulanda mahhala kukho kokubili amakhompyutha namadivayisi eselula. Uma isilandiwe, uzokwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso isofthiwe ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zakho. Ukuze usebenzise i-App Inventor, vula isiphequluli sewebhu bese uchofoza inkinobho Yokusungula Uhlelo Lokusebenza ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla. Olandelayo, ngena ngemvume ku-akhawunti yakho ye-Google. Ku-App Inventor, uzobona ikhasi elibonisa amaphrojekthi akho.

I-Google App Inventor yasungulwa ngu-Hal Abelson, unjiniyela wesofthiwe ku-Google Labs. Ubenombono wokwenza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kube lula kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Umgomo wawuwukwakha mahhala, ithuluzi elisebenziseka kalula elingasiza onjiniyela be-Android bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhle ngaphandle kosizo lwezindawo zokuthuthukisa ezibizayo.

I-App Inventor yesithombe esibonakalayo somsebenzisi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole futhi wakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza usebenzisa izingxenye ezakhelwe ngaphakathi namabhulokhi anengqondo.. Ngemva kokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza, ungayihlola emshinini obonakalayo ukuze ubone ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yenza ziphi izenzo.