Uzihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android

Uma ungathanda ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzazi. Uma umusha ngokuphelele kulo mkhakha, kufanelekile ukuthatha amaminithi ambalwa ukuze ufunde ngezinye zezinto eziyisisekelo kuqala. Funda ku-Java, Izinhloso, ShareActionProvider, kanye ne-XML-Parsing Methode.

Java

Ukuhlela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android akumele kube nzima – kukhona amathuluzi amaningana atholakalayo azokusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha futhi kalula. Okokuqala, udinga ukulanda isofthiwe efanele yokubhala ikhodi. Olandelayo, faka i-Java kanye nendawo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza, njenge-Android Studio. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi udale uhlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha. Uzophinda ufune ukuchaza isakhiwo nesakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza. Ngemva kwalokhu, ungakhetha umklamo obonakalayo.

Ungaphinda ukhethe ikhithi yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Lawa makhithi alungele abathuthukisi abasaqalayo futhi eza nezinhlobonhlobo zokufundisa nezinto eziyisethenjwa. Uma usulande i-SDK, ungaqala ukudizayina futhi uhlele uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lokuqala lwe-Android. I-Android SDK iyadingeka kwabaqalayo, futhi kunezinsiza eziningi zamahhala ezitholakala ku-inthanethi, kuhlanganise anhlobonhlobo tutorials, umbhalo, kanye nezibonelo zevidiyo. Uma umusha ekwenzeni izinhlelo, ungakwazi futhi ukujoyina i-CHIP Forum, lapho ungabuza khona imibuzo futhi ushintshisane ngamathiphu nabanye abahleli bohlelo abanolwazi.

I-Android Online Kurs inikeza isingeniso esijulile ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, ehlanganisa zonke izici ezidingekayo ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza lochwepheshe. Umbhali uhamba nawe enqubweni yokuthuthukisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, futhi ichaza izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokubhala ngekhodi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android oluphrofeshinali. Umbhalo futhi ukufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-Android Studio namanye amathuluzi amaningi. Uzofunda futhi ukuthi ungazihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ngezikrini eziningi, izinqubo zangemuva, nokunye okuningi.

Izinhloso

Uma ufuna ukuhlela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android ukuthi ziphendule kunhloso, ungasebenzisa uhlaka lwe-Android lwenhloso ye-programmierung. Izinhloso zingasetshenziswa ukuqalisa izenzo nokuthumela ulwazi kuseva. Uhlaka lwe-Android intent programmierung lunikeza izindlela ezimbalwa zokufeza lokhu. Enye yalezi zindlela ukusebenzisa i-Google Maps.

Izinhloso ziyisisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-Android. Bavumela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ukuthi zixhumane nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, izingxenye, kanye namadivayisi. Angasetshenziswa futhi ukuzulazula ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, njengalapho umsebenzisi ethola isixhumanisi sokukhokha ku-SMS yakhe. Lesi sici senza kube nokwenzeka ukudlulisa ulwazi kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa kuya kolunye, ngisho nakuhlelo lokusebenza olufanayo.

Izinhloso zivumela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android ukuthi zithumele idatha kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengamafayela. Ungaphinda ucele ukuthi izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zivule ifayela kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza. Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele ucacise uhlobo lwe-MIME nendawo ye-URI. Kungenjalo, ungacela ukwakha idokhumenti entsha. Inqobo nje uma ifayela liphethwe olunye uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android zingathumela idatha kuleyo ndawo. Idatha ithunyelwa kuseva kusetshenziswa i-URI.

Izinhloso zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Android ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene ngemuva. Ziwusizo uma ufuna ukuqala umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa futhi zingadingi ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi. Izinhloso zingadluliselwa ku-startService() indlela yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Izinhloso zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthumela imilayezo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, Inhloso ingasetshenziselwa ukutshela olunye uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi ifayela seliqedile ukudawuniloda futhi selilungele ukusetshenziswa. Izinhloso zingasetshenziswa futhi ngokubambisana, ngosizo Lwabamukeli Bokusakaza.

ShareActionProvider

Uma ufuna ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe phakathi kwezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android, ungasebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider. Isebenza ngokubonisa uhlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwabelana esikrinini. Uma umsebenzisi achofoza kusithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza, i-ShareActionProvider izosebenza.

Lena iwijethi elula kodwa enamandla enakekela ukuziphatha nokubukeka kwakho. Odinga ukukwenza nje ukucacisa isihloko sethagethi yokwabelana. I-ShareActionProvider izogcina izinga lokuhlosiwe kokwabelana futhi izobonisa okuhlosiwe okudume kakhulu kokwabelana kubha yohlelo lokusebenza..

Leli thuluzi lihle kakhulu kwabaqalayo ukuhlela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Ngaleli thuluzi, ungakwazi ukuxhuma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android kusevisi yewebhu eqondiswe ku-REST. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ubonisa idatha. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zenza inani eliphezulu uma zibonisa idatha. Nokho, idatha ayigcinwa kudivayisi ngokwayo – esikhundleni salokho, ilandwa kumasevisi ewebhu ahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza sohlelo lokusebenza.

Udinga ukuba nolwazi lwe-Java uma ufuna ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Ungalanda i-Android Studio, indawo yokuthuthukisa umthombo ovulekile yi-Google. Kunemibhalo eminingi namavidiyo aku-inthanethi angakusiza ukuthi uqalise. Ungaphinda ujoyine inkundla ye-CHIP ukuze nishintshisane ngemibono nabanye onjiniyela.

I-XML-Parsing Methode

I-XML-Parsing iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Lona umsebenzi ovamile ngoba amawebhusayithi amaningi nezinkundla zokubhuloga zisebenzisa ifomethi ye-XML ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zidinga ukwazi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani le datha ohlelweni lwazo, futhi le ndlela iyasebenza. Kuthatha idatha efayeleni lombhalo futhi iwucubungule kusetshenziswa indlela egxile entweni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zabahlaluli be-XML ku-Android. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-XMLPullParser. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi iyasebenza.

Uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisampula luhlaziya omaka abafakwe esidlekeni njengesihloko, isixhumanisi, kanye nesifinyezo. Iphinde ibe nendlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukweqa(). Le ndlela ikhipha isihloko, isixhumanisi, kanye nesifinyezo esivela kudokhumenti ye-XML. Ibese icubungula ngokuphindaphindiwe okuphakelayo futhi ibuyisele Uhlu lokufakiwe. Uma kwenzeka iphutha ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, uhlelo lokusebenza luzokwenza okuhlukile.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-XML-Parsing Methode ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Android ukumisa indawo yakho. I-Android Studio iyadingeka ukuze usebenzise ikhodi eyisibonelo. Awudingi ukusebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva ye-Android SDK API. Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kwe-XML ne-JSON bekulokhu kutholakala kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala ze-Android.

Idatha ye-XML

Cishe uzwile nge-XML-Daten, futhi ungafuna ukufunda ukuthi ungahlela kanjani nazo ukwenza izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android zihehe kakhulu. I-XML iwulimi lokumaka oluvame ukusetshenziselwa ukushintshaniswa kwedatha phakathi kwamakhompyutha nezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengakumawebhusayithi. Uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android luzokwazi ukufunda nokubhala le datha ngendlela yochungechunge lwe-XML, okumele icutshungulwe ukuze ihunyushwe.

I-XML-Daten iyisisekelo sezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-XML, futhi zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ulimi lunejika eliphansi lokufunda futhi kulula ukulisebenzisa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Futhi kuyifomethi elula ukuyiqonda, futhi ungathola izibonelo eziningi ku-inthanethi. Ungakwazi ngisho nokulanda amafayela e-XML futhi uwavule kusihleli sombhalo se-Android.

Ungafunda i-XML-Daten yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ngokuchaza igama lephakeji yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza nekhasi lokuqala. Ungaphinda uchaze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nezinto zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu vs Izinhlelo zokusebenza Zewebhu Eziqhubekayo

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuthuthukisa i-PWA esikhundleni sohlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko lwe-Android. Kokunye, Ama-PWA angabiza kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Futhi, Ama-PWA angasabela kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Ngenkathi izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu kufanele zenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze zilingane osayizi besikrini abahlukene, Ama-PWA aklanyelwe ukusebenza kunoma iyiphi idivayisi.

Ngenkathi izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zibiza kakhulu ukuzithuthukisa, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo ziyashesha kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenzisa i-HTML, CSS, kanye ne-JavaScript ukuze wakhe uhlelo lokusebenza. Nokho, banikeza ukusebenza okulinganiselwe, njengokungakwazi ukufinyelela amakhalenda, abathintwayo, amabhukhimakhi esiphequluli, kanye ne-Bluetooth.

Naphezu kwalezi zihibe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo zingasebenzisa izici zedivayisi. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo zingafinyelela kuzo zonke izici zedivayisi, kuhlanganise nekhamera, ikhampasi, kanye nohlu loxhumana nabo. Lezi zici zingakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi ozoyisebenzisa nokuthi kufaneleka yini isikhathi sakho sokutshala ekuthuthukisweni.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo zingathumela futhi zamukele izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza futhi zenze zingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingakhiwa kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu zilungele ukuletha okuqukethwe kumsebenzisi weselula.

Idala iphrojekthi ye-Android Studio

Ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, ungasebenzisa i-Android Studio. Ungasebenzisa izifanekiso eziklanywe kusengaphambili ukuze uqalise. Khona-ke, ungakhetha uhlobo lwedivayisi ofisa ukukhomba. Ungaphinda ukhethe ubuncane be-SDK obudingekayo ukuze wakhe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Uzodinga ukungeza amafayela athile kuphrojekthi.

Amaphrojekthi we-Android anamafolda namafayela ahlukene ngezinjongo ezihlukile. Ngaphezu kokuqukatha ikhodi yomthombo yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, aqukethe nemitapo yolwazi. Ifolda ye-libs iphethe amafayela embiza engeziwe adingwa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa sohlelo lokusebenza. Ifolda yezimpahla iqukethe amafa adwebekayo namafayela amile. Ekugcineni, i-gen/ifolda iqukethe ikhodi yomthombo ekhiqizwe amathuluzi okwakha e-Android.

Ungakha uhlelo lwe-Android usebenzisa i-Java ne-XML. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ungasebenzisa futhi i-PHP ne-SQL ukuze udale i-backend nokuphatha isizindalwazi. Ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, uzodinga i-Android Studio. Uma usukwenzile lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-Java, I-XML, noma i-JSON ukuze udizayine isiphetho sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Ifolda ye-src iqukethe amafayela e-Java. Ifolda ye-lib iqukethe amafayela enja engeziwe asetshenziswa i-Android. Ifolda ye-res iphethe izinsiza zangaphandle zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, njengezithombe, isakhiwo amafayela e-XML, namafayela alalelwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifolda ye-mipmmap yilapho uzobeka khona isithonjana sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ngokufanayo, kufanele ubeke ezinye izimpahla ezidonseka kumafolda azo.