Ungazenza kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android nge-Java

Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi ungaluthuthukisa kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, awuwedwa. Kunenqwaba yezinsiza ezitholakalayo ku-inthanethi, kanye nokwenza izinhlelo ze-Android nakho. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda mayelana nezisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, i-ShareActionProvider, Umsebenzi Lifecycle Callbacks, futhi nokuningi. Uzofunda futhi ngomehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziqhubekayo.

Java

Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi ungazihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, impendulo ilula kakhulu – udinga ukufunda i-Java! Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zinezingxenye ezimbili: Umsebenzi kanye Nokubuka. Umsebenzi uchaza i-upperflache eyisithombe kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, kuyilapho ukubuka kuqukethe ikhodi ye-Java enquma ukuthi kwenzekani uma inkinobho icindezelwa. Zombili izingxenye zisebenza kumadivayisi ahambisana ne-Android. Lesi sifundo sizokusiza ufunde ukuthi ungazihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android nge-Java!

Leli bhuku likufundisa okuyisisekelo kwe-Java ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android, okubalulekile uma ufuna ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza lochwepheshe. Iqala nge-Android-Richtlinies ye-User Interface Design, futhi iphetha ngohlelo lokusebenza olunesibali sikhathi. Uzosebenzisa i-Java ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi uzothola ulwazi oluningi kule nqubo! Futhi igcwele amathiphu awusizo ukwenza uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lube impumelelo, futhi.

Inqubo yokufunda ukuthi uzihlela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android iqala ngokubhalisa njengonjiniyela ku-Google. Uzokhokha inkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa ngale sevisi, kodwa emva kwalokho, unganikezela ngezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ukuthi zilandwe noma zidayiswe, futhi i-Google ithatha ukulungiselelwa kokudayiswa ngakunye. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Android kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-Android SDK, futhi i-Java iyithuluzi elikhulu lalokhu. Ungafunda kalula i-Java ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo.

ShareActionProvider

I-ShareActionProvider yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android inikeza indlela yokuthi onjiniyela babonise idatha yesitoko ezinhlelweni zabo zokusebenza. I-API ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bengeze amakilasi e-ShareActionActivity kanye ne-ShareActionProvider kumaphrojekthi wabo we-Android. I-API futhi inikeza amandla okuthumela idatha kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuze usebenzise i-ShareActionProvider yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, qala udale iphrojekthi ye-Android bese uyixhuma ku-PC yakho nge-ADB. Lokhu kuzodala iphrojekthi entsha ongayifaka kudivayisi exhunyiwe. Uma usudale iphrojekthi yakho entsha, usungaqala ukufaka amakhodi.

Ungasebenzisa i-ShareActionProvider yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ukuze ubonise isithonjana sokwabelana ku-ActionBar yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. I-ShareActionProvider izodala ukubuka komsebenzisi ukuze akubone lapho babelana ngedatha. Iphinde ibonise imenyu encane ebala imisebenzi eyahlukene yokwabelana. Kungenzeka ukusetha inhloso yalezi zenzo. Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza isenzo ku-ActionBar uma ufuna umsebenzisi abone umlayezo omazisa ngenkinga.

I-ShareActionProvider ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi banikeze isibopho sokubukeka kwento nokuziphatha. Ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokutshala izimali ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngokuqukethwe kwabo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. I-ShareActionProvider ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bafake izixhumanisi kuwebhusayithi ye-ShareActionProvider ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezine-ShareActionProvider ze-Android

Umsebenzi Lifecycle Callbacks

Ukuze usebenzise i-Activity Lifecycle Callbacks kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-Android API. Isistimu ingase ibize izindlela ze-OnStart ne-OnStop izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa empilweni yomsebenzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi uzoshintsha kusukela kokubonakalayo kuye kokufihliwe, ukushintshana phakathi kwe-OnCreate ne-OnStop. Ukubona uma umsebenzi ucekelwa phansi, hlola imilayezo ye-logcat. Uma ungayitholi indlela oyifunayo, kufanele ucabange ukunweba i-API.

Ku-Android, ngokuvamile uzocela ku-Start() ukufaka umsebenzi esimweni sokusebenza. Uma umsebenzi ungemuva, ekuPhumeni() uzobizwa. Ngokufanayo, onStop() kubizwa uma umsebenzi uvaliwe. Kokubili ukushaya ucingo kusetshenziselwa ukukhulula izinsiza kanye nokuqedela noma yimiphi eminye imisebenzi ethatha isikhathi esiningi. I-Android iphinde yafaka iziqinisekiso zokuthi i-onStop() indlela ibizwa ngokuthi.

Umjikelezo wempilo we-android uvezwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ngokusebenza kwelungu le-callback. Lezi callbacks kulandela uhlobo “isitaki” futhi zibonakala zenzeka ngohlelo olungekho emthethweni. Baphinde baqaphele izinto okufanele ziphathwe esigabeni ngasinye. Ukuze usebenzise kahle i-Activity Lifecycle Callbacks, kufanele usebenzise iNativeActivity noma native_app_glue. Kunezibonelo eziningi zalokhu okubili.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu vs Izinhlelo zokusebenza Zewebhu Eziqhubekayo

Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Progressive Web Apps (I-PWA) futhi Izicelo Zomdabu ziyinkundla yazo yokwenza. Ngenkathi izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zidalelwa ukuthi zisebenze ngqo kudivayisi ye-OS, Ama-PWA akhiwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bewebhu. Zisebenza kuziphequluli futhi ngenxa yalokho ziyakwazi ukwethulwa ngokushesha nangokungabizi. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu, nokho, abadingi ukuqinisekiswa kwesitolo sohlelo lokusebenza. Zingathuthukiswa futhi ziqaliswe ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu, kodwa umthuthukisi udinga ukwakha zombili izinguqulo ngokuhlukana.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu umehluko, inqubo yokuthuthukisa idla isikhathi esiningi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zivame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthuthukisa kunama-PWA, kodwa ngokuvamile basabela kakhulu. Ngoba kumele baphumelele izinqubo zokubuyekeza, Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zinzima kakhulu ukuzikhulula futhi kufanele zibuyekezwe. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu nazo zinokusetshenziswa kwebhethri okuphansi kunama-PWA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuzinakekela kunama-PWA. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu nazo zinezinyathelo ezimbili zokulanda umsebenzi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu konjiniyela ukushintsha okuqukethwe ngaphandle kokuthi bathumele kabusha iphrojekthi.

Ngenjwayelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ziyinketho ekhethwayo yonjiniyela ngoba bangakwazi ukufinyelela izici eziningi zedivayisi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zakhiwe kusetshenziswa ulimi oluthile lokuhlela futhi zithuthukiswa ukuze zisebenze kudivayisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu nazo ngokuvamile zithembeke kakhulu futhi zivikelekile kunozakwabo be-PWA. Ngenxa yalokho, baphephe kakhulu kunozakwabo, nokusebenza kwabo kungcono kakhulu. Ngakho iyiphi engcono? Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole!

Ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kudinga i-developmentsumgebung

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufaka ikhodi kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zeplathifomu ye-Android kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilimi zokuhlela ezisetshenziswayo. I-Android iyinkundla ehlukene kakhulu enezinhlobo ezahlukene zedivayisi namasistimu okusebenza. Idivayisi ngayinye inesethi ehlukile yezimvume, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye kufanele lumemezele lezi zimvume kukhodi yohlelo lokusebenza ngesici semvume yokusebenzisa kanye ne-Android:isibaluli semvume.

Ukuze uqale, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android lumemezela ihadiwe nezici zesofthiwe elizozisebenzisa, kanye nemitapo yolwazi ye-API ezoyisebenzisa. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android olujwayelekile luhlanganisa isithonjana, igama legama lekilasi eliqeqeshwe ngokugcwele lesigaba esingaphansi, kanye nelebula elizobonakala kumsebenzisi. Lezi zingxenye zibizwa ngezinsiza kukhodi yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinsiza, uhlelo lokusebenza lungalungiselelwa ukulungiselelwa okuhlukile kwedivayisi.

Ukufunda ukuhlela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android akuwona umdlalo wengane

Inani lamadivayisi e-Android asebenzayo liyamangaza. Empeleni, bangu 2.6 izigidigidi zamadivayisi emhlabeni jikelele, ukwenza umsebenzi wokudala uhlelo lokusebenza ubonakale njengento engenangqondo. Kotlin, ulimi lwesimanje lokuhlela lwe-Android, inconywa ngezici zayo zokuphepha ze-syntax kanye nekhodi. Ungafunda i-Kotlin ku-inthanethi mahhala noma ubhalise ohlelweni lokufundela ukuze uthole isifundo esiholwa ngumfundisi.

Umuntu oqalayo kahle angaqala ngokufunda okuyisisekelo esebenzisa okokufundisa. Ngokwesibonelo, Ihora Lekhodi – I-Android Apps by Google iyindawo enhle yokuqala. Ifundisa izimiso eziyisisekelo, kodwa ayigxili kunoma yiluphi ulimi olulodwa lohlelo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ukhetha luphi ulimi, uzofunda mayelana nezakhiwo zedatha, eziguquguqukayo, kanye nezihibe. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi wakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha.