Funda i-Android App Programming With Java, Inhloso-C, Noma i-Swift

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwe-Java, Inhloso-C, futhi u-Swift ukhona. Hhayi-ke, lesi sihloko sizokunikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalezi zilimi. Uzofunda nokuthi kungani omunye engcono kunomunye. Uma ubheke ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza oluhle lwe-Android lwamakhasimende akho, lesi sihloko kumele sifundwe. Isigaba esilandelayo sizofaka i-Kotlin ne-Objective-C, nokuthi ziqhathanisa kanjani. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ukuthi lezi zilimi zingakusiza kanjani ukuthi udale uhlelo lokusebenza oluhle lwamakhasimende akho!

Java

Uma ucabanga ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kufanele ucabangele ukufunda i-Java. I-Java iwulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Android. Kodwa uma ufuna ukuthola ukuqonda okuthuthukile, ungasebenzisa futhi amakhithi wokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza. Lawa makhithi azokufundisa ukuthi ungadala kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene usebenzisa i-Android. Nge-Java, uzokwazi ukusebenzisa i-emulator ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi kufanele ufunde i-Java noma cha, nalu uhlu lwezincwadi ezihamba phambili ezinhlelweni ze-Android.

Uma ufuna ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe konjiniyela we-Android, indawo enhle ongaqala ngayo yisifundo sokuthuthukisa i-Android. Ngaphezu kwe-Java, uzofunda futhi ngesitudiyo se-Android esidumile. Lesi sifundo samahhala sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza sizokufundisa ukuthi ungadala kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ngamathuluzi ajwayelekile okuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Uzofunda iJava, ulimi lokuhlela oludume kakhulu lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa i-Kotlin, olunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezintsha ze-Google.

Uma usuyibambe ngokuqinile iJava, uzobe ulungele ukudlulela ezingeni elilandelayo, okuwuhlelo lomdabu lwe-Android. Nakuba lesi sifundo sidinga ukuthi ufunde ukusebenzisa i-Android Studio, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi ufunde i-Java njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android kwesikhathi esizayo. Inkundla ye-CHIP inikeza izinsiza eziningi, kuhlanganise nabaqondisi, okokufundisa, kanye nezinkundla. Uma uzizwa ubambekile, ungahlala ubuza imibuzo ku-CHIP Forum.

Kotlin

Uma kukhulunywa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, I-Java ulimi olukhethwa iningi lonjiniyela. Nokho, kunezilimi eziningi zesimanje zokuhlela ezingase zisetshenziswe ku-Java Virtual Machine, kuhlanganise Kotlin. Lolu limi 100% iyahambisana ne-Java, futhi ikhodi ebhalwe ku-Kotlin ingashintshwa ngokuphelele nekhodi ye-Java. I-syntax nayo yakhelwe ukuthi ifane ngangokunokwenzeka ne-Java. Ngokwalesi sizathu, I-Kotlin ithola ukuthandwa ngokushesha phakathi komphakathi weJava.

Naphezu kokuthandwa kwayo, lolu limi alukavuthwa ngokwanele ukuba lusetshenziswe ngokwalo. Ukuze lokho, kunconywa ukuthi onjiniyela basebenzise i-Android Studio noma amathuluzi e-IntelliJ IDEA ohlelo lwabo lokusebenza lwe-Android. I-Kotlin imahhala, kuhlangene, futhi kulula ukufunda. Isifundo sakhiwe yingxube yolwazi olusebenzayo, izivivinyo lab, nokufunda ngezandla. Isifundo siphinde sihlanganise zonke izici ze-Android SDK.

Ulimi lwe-Kotlin yi-bytecode efana ne-Java, ngakho-ke iyahambisana namadivayisi we-Android. Uzodinga ukuqala kabusha i-Android Studio ngemva kokufaka i-Kotlin kudivayisi yakho ye-Android. Kuzodingeka ulungiselele i-Android Studio ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzisa futhi iqonde ikhodi ye-Kotlin lapho udala iphrojekthi entsha.. Lapho uqala ukuqala, kufanele ukhethe uhlobo lwephrojekthi Yomsebenzi Ongenalutho.

Inhloso-C

Kuyenzeka wenze izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android ku-Objective-C, ulimi olunamandla olungakusiza ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingcono kakhulu zedivayisi yakho. Yize ingenamandla njengeSwift, kulula ukuyifunda futhi ingenza izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zisheshe. Ungafunda ukuhlela ku-Objective-C ngenyanga. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufunda i-Swift kuzokunikeza inzuzo enkulu ngokufunda i-Objective-C.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-iOS ne-Android. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili zokusebenza uchazwe ngezansi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinkundla ezimbili ukuklama nokusebenza kwazo. Ungase ungafuni ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza olufanayo kuzo zombili izinkundla, noma ungahle ungafuni ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lubukeke ngendlela efanayo kuwo womabili amasistimu. Ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luzobukeka ngendlela efanayo kuwo womabili amasistimu, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi ulandela Izinkombandlela Zokusebenzelana Kwabantu kanye nemihlahlandlela Yokuklama Okubalulekile. Nakuba ngokobuchwepheshe kungenzeka ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza kuzo zombili izinkundla, akunconywa.

Uma usaqala futhi ufuna ukwenza i-programablauf eyisisekelo ku-Android, ungafunda i-Objective-C ngesikhathi esifushane. Uma unolwazi lweJava, ungafinyelela ngokuqondile ikhodi ye-Java. Kungenjalo, uzodinga ukufunda ulimi olusha. Ukuqonda kahle i-Objective-C kuyadingeka ukuze uhlele ngempumelelo izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Kunezifundo eziningi eziku-inthanethi ezingakusiza ukuthi ufunde lolu limi.

I-Swift

Unqume ukufunda i-programmieren yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android nge-Swift. Kodwa uqala kuphi? Lesi sihloko sizokunikeza izinkomba ezingakusiza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufunda luphi ulimi lohlelo, uzodinga ukuqonda okuqinile kwemiqondo eyisisekelo yokuhlela. Ukuze uqalise, landa uhlelo lokusebenza-bakasten, ithuluzi lokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza, bese ulandela imiyalelo yokwenza uhlelo. Khona-ke, uzobe ususendleleni yokwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ngokushesha.

Ngenkathi ungafunda i-Swift ngosizo lwezifundo, ungase ube ngcono ngokusebenzisa okokufundisa ozifundisa kona noma ithuluzi lokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Swift Playgrounds iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokufunda ulimi. Inezifundo ezihlukahlukene ezingakuqondisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luhlanganisa ama-algorithms anzima, imisebenzi, kanye neziyalezo. Njengenzuzo eyengeziwe, kumahhala ukulanda.

Uma ungathanda ukuzama uhlelo lwe-Swift ngaphandle kokutshala imali endaweni yokuthuthuka, ungazama ukufunda i-Java uwedwa. Kunezifundo ezimbalwa zamahhala ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ziwusizo futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, nakuba zinejika lokufunda eliphakeme kunezilimi ezijwayelekile zokuhlela. Futhi uma ufuna ukonga imali, ungakhetha ithuluzi lokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza le-kostenpflichtig njenge-AppConfector. Ungakwazi futhi ukulanda ezinye izifundo zamahhala, okuyizinto ngokuvamile ezithuthuke kakhulu kunezifundiswa ezivamile.

Uchungechunge lwe-XML

Ulimi Lwemakhaphu Olwengeziwe (I-XML) ifomethi esetshenziswa kakhulu kunqubo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Izinzuzo zayo ukuthi iyipulatifomu ezimele futhi isebenziseka kalula. Lesi sihloko sizochaza izisekelo ze-XML nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukwakha i-XML-Zeichenkette elula. Esigabeni sokuqala sizochaza i-XML-Format nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Android.

Imibhalo ye-XML yizakhiwo zesihlahla. Idokhumenti ngayinye yakhiwe isici esiyimpande nezinto eziningi zengane. Isimemezelo se-XML sichaza inguqulo ye-XML. Amadokhumenti e-XML angaqukatha izakhi eziningi zezimpande nezinto eziningi zengane. Ngokwesibonelo, a “isihloko” isici singaqukatha izintambo eziningi. Uma okuguquguqukayo kunamanani amaningi, incazelo yentambo ingasetshenziswa ukuwagcina.

Ukuze ufunde idatha kusuka ku-XML-Zeichenketten, kufanele usebenzise indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuthi aktiendataXmlString. Okokuqala, udinga ukufunda i-XML-String kusuka kuseva yewebhu. Olandelayo, kufanele udale I-String-Array equkethe ulwazi lwezezimali olufanele. Le nto izodluliselwa kundlela ye-onPostExecute ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Indlela Yokuphila

Lapho uhlela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, kufanele uqonde umqondo we-Lifecycle-Methode, okungachazwa ngokuthi ‘umjikelezo wokuphila’ yohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuphambene nezilimi zokuhlela ezisekelwe ku-C, ezinomjikelezo wokuphila owodwa, Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zinemijikelezo yokuphila emithathu. Ngayinye inezici zayo, kodwa zonke zisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuvamile, Ukuhlelwa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kulandela umjikelezo wempilo olandelayo:

Okokuqala, imisebenzi iyisisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Sonke isikrini siwumsebenzi, okusho ukuthi kumele isebenzise zonke izindlela zomjikelezo wokuphila ukuze isebenze kahle. Imisebenzi kufanele ibe nendlela ebizwa nge-Dala(), njengoba le ndlela idingeka ukuze unikeze okuqukethwe esikrinini. Indlela yesibili, onDestroy(), ubizwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ucekelwe phansi. Kunezizathu ezahlukahlukene zokuthi kungani i-Android izobhubhisa umsebenzi.

Ukumisa okwesikhashana() kuyindlela ewusizo yokuqalisa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Uma umsebenzi umiswa isikhashana, uhlelo lubiza i-OnPause() indlela. Le ndlela ingasetshenziselwa ukusabela kumsebenzi omiswa isikhashana. Kuwusizo futhi ekusebenzelaneni nabasebenzisi uma umsebenzi umisiwe. Nokho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ku-Pause() kufanele ushayelwe ngaphambi kokuthi ushayele Qalisa kabusha().

Ukulungisa iphutha

Lapho ulungisa amaphutha uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android, uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ithuluzi Lokususa iphutha. Ungayithola efasiteleni lamathuluzi kwesokudla, noma ngokukhetha okuthi Buka > Ithuluzi Windows> Susa iphutha. Inesithonjana sokususa iphutha, futhi ingafinyelelwa ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi Susa iphutha kubha yewindi yamathuluzi. Iwindi Lokulungisa iphutha libonisa inqubo yamanje ye-Android kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zayo. Ukusebenzisa inkinobho yokususa iphutha kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole noma yimiphi imilayezo yephutha ephonswe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Uma iwindi Lokulungisa iphutha selivuliwe, chofoza okuthi “Imicu” ithebhu bese kusikhethi sochungechunge. Iwindi Lokulungisa iphutha lizobonisa ifremu yesitaki yochungechunge ngalunye, futhi ungahlola amanani ochungechunge ngalunye. Ungaphinda uchofoze ku-elementi ngayinye kuhlaka ukuze uvule ikhodi yomthombo. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo imicu eboniswa efasiteleni le-Debugger. Ungakwazi ukuthekelisa ozimele besitaki futhi wenze ngokwezifiso isethulo sabo ngokufunda inkomba ye-Debugger Window Frames.

Uma une-PC yethebhulethi noma i-laptop, ungasebenzisa isici sokulungisa iphutha se-USB kudivayisi yakho ye-Android. Ukuze unike amandla imodi yokulungisa iphutha ye-USB, iya kokuthi Izinketho Zonjiniyela bese ukhetha “Imodi yokulungisa iphutha.” Uma usunike amandla ukulungisa iphutha le-USB, ungafinyelela kalula izinketho zonjiniyela ezithuthukile njengokuvumela ukulungisa iphutha le-USB. Ukusebenzisa ukulungisa iphutha le-USB, qiniseka ukuthi wenza isipele yonke idatha ebalulekile ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.