Funda Okuyisisekelo kwe-Android Entwicklung

Uma umusha ku-Android entwicklung, ungazama i-AIDE ukuze uqalise uhambo lwakho. Lo mhleli onamandla unikeza inani lemisebenzi ukukusiza uqonde izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android. Inephutha lokuhlola ngesikhathi sangempela, umhleli ocebile, kanye nezifundo zokufunda i-Java ne-Android SDK. Ungakwazi futhi ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuchofoza okukodwa usebenzisa i-AIDE futhi uyihlole ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza, uzodinga kuqala ukulanda i-Android SDK namathuluzi afanele ukuze uyakha.

Qasha unjiniyela wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android

Qasha unjiniyela wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kuphrojekthi yakho elandelayo: Lo msebenzi akuwona owenhliziyo ebuthakathaka. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi idinga ulwazi olubanzi lwe-Android-OS. Ungathola imibhalo ebanzi ku-Android ku-Android Dokumentation ye-Google, okuhlanganisa izifundo eziningi, izihloko, kanye namathuluzi. Nokho, kufanele ube nentshisekelo kulesi sihloko futhi ube nolwazi oluthile ekusebenzeni ngaso.

Izindleko ezihlobene nephrojekthi yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza zizohluka kakhulu. Kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi nobungako bephrojekthi, uzokhokha inani elihlukile lemali lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokuthi ukhethe inkampani yokuthuthukisa, kufanele unqume ububanzi bephrojekthi, izethameli zayo ezihlosiwe, kanye nanoma imaphi amalayisensi adingekayo. Ukuze uqale, kufanele unqume ukuthi uyaludinga yini uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula ukuze uzisebenzisele umuntu siqu, ibhizinisi, noma inkundla yomphakathi.

Izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza zincike endaweni ohlela ukuyisebenzisa. Ngenkathi abanye onjiniyela besebenza ngokukhethekile endaweni eyodwa, abanye basebenza kumapulatifomu amaningi, kuhlanganise iPhone, Android, kanye newebhu. Kungcono ukukhetha unjiniyela ongathuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamapulatifomu ambalwa. Inkokhelo yonjiniyela wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-android izoncika kunkundla ohlela ukuyisebenzisa. Iphepha elimhlophe ngesihloko litholakala mahhala ku-inthanethi. Ungagcwalisa ifomu ukuze uthole ikhophi yamahhala yephepha elimhlophe.

Dala izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwezifiso

Uma ubheka ukufunda izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android, ufikile endaweni efanele. Lapha, sizoxoxa ngokuthi singalwakha kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza oluchazwe ngumsebenzisi endaweni ye-Android. Okokuqala, kufanele ufake i-Android SDK. Uma usukwenzile lokho, ungaqala ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Uma usuqedele ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza, kufanele uyihlole usebenzisa amadivaysi amaningi e-Android.

Ithuluzi lokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza elichazwe umsebenzisi lizokukhombisa ukuthi ulwakha kanjani uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza usebenzisa izinketho zokudonsa nokuwisa. Inezici ezifakwe ngaphambili kanye nezilungiselelo, ikuvumela ukuthi uwa-ode ngokwezidingo zabasebenzisi bakho. Ngemva kwalokho, ungakha ifayela le-APK ukuze ulifake. Kungenjalo, ungakha isizindalwazi somkhiqizo wakho bese usenza uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Khona-ke, ungasebenzisa i-Android-Studio njengendawo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezichazwe umsebenzisi zisebenzisana kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngaphambi kokwethula uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lweselula, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi izosebenza kanjani futhi ibheke kubasebenzisi. I-Wireframing ikusiza ukuthi ubone ngeso lengqondo umbono wakho futhi wembule noma imaphi amaphutha okungenzeka inawo. Ngokwakha ukumelwa okunemifanekiso kwezinto zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, ungathola futhi izici obekungeke kwenzeke ukuba uzicabange. Umkhiqizo wokugcina uzoba ukuzizwisa okuhle komsebenzisi kubasebenzisi bakho.

Uma usudale idivayisi ebonakalayo ye-Android futhi wafaka izingxenye ezidingekayo, ungahlola uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kusifanisi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luhamba kahle ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa i-Android Emulator uma usebenzisa idivayisi engasekelwe ku-intel. Kodwa qaphela lapho ukhetha idivayisi ebonakalayo – akuwona wonke ama-emulators asekela amadivayisi asekelwe ku-ARM.

Amathuluzi

Uma ungunjiniyela omusha, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuzijwayeza ngamathuluzi adingekayo ku-Android entwicklung. Kunamathuluzi amaningi ahlukene atholakalayo, kodwa nazi ezimbalwa ezibaluleke kakhulu. Uma usaqala ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android, kufanele uzame i-GameMaker Studio kuqala. Leli thuluzi likuvumela ukuthi udale igeyimu ye-Android enenani elincane lokuhlela nokusebenza kokudonsa nokuwisa.

Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha indawo yokuthuthukisa. Kubalulekile ukuhlola isicelo sakho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba izimbungulu eziningi nezinkinga zingavela uma uhlelo lokusebenza selukhululiwe. Indawo yokuhlola enhle kufanele futhi inikeze ukuphathwa kwekhodi okuphephile nokuvikelwa kwephasiwedi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlanganyela nabanye onjiniyela futhi ugweme noma yikuphi ukungaqondi kahle. Uma usuthathe isinqumo ngendawo yokuthuthukiswa, ungakwazi bese ukhetha amathuluzi afanele wethimba lakho.

Elinye ithuluzi elibalulekile i-Android IDE. Leli ithuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi ubhale ikhodi ye-Android ku-BASIC, esifana kakhulu nesiNgisi esijwayelekile. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-emulator ukuhlola uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ungathola futhi ezinye isoftware ehlukahlukene ekusiza nge-Android entwicklung. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi ongawasebenzisa, isiphathi se-Android SDK sitholakala ngokuhlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ungasebenzisa futhi i-No-Coding-Entwicklungsplattform.

indlela

Ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, udinga ukuqonda izisekelo zeplathifomu futhi ufunde mayelana namalabhulali okusetshenziswa kubonwa ahlukene nama-API atholakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuqonda mayelana nemibono ehlukene yokuzulazula efakwa yi-Android. Uma ufuna indlela elula yokuqalisa, ungafunda ukusebenzisa i-FireMonkey-Framework. I-Android isiphinde yaduma emakethe yomakhalekhukhwini ngokufika kwe-Kotlin, Ulimi olusha oluyinhloko lwe-Google lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android.

Ukuze wenze uhlelo lokusebenza oluyimpumelelo, udinga ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwe-Android ne-iOS. Naphezu kokufana, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamasistimu wokusebenza amabili. Udinga ukufunda indlela yokubhala amakhodi womabili amasistimu ngendlela efanele. Ngale ndlela, ungakha uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenza kukho kokubili i-iOS ne-Android. Futhi njengoba bobabili bewumthombo ovulekile, ungakha kalula uhlelo lokusebenza oluyinhlanganisela olusebenza ngaphandle komthungo kuzo zombili izinkundla. Ungasebenzisa futhi izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Imishini ephathwayo isidume kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwe 5 izigidigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zinamadivaysi eselula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza. Futhi ngosayizi wemakethe ophakeme ngale ndlela, ukuncintisana kushubile. Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android akuhlukile. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android: ngokukhangisa kwangaphakathi nohlelo nangokumaketha okuhlangene. Indlela yokuqala yokwenza imali ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukusetha isixhumanisi sewebhusayithi kazakwethu lapho wenza khona ikhomishini lapho umsebenzisi ethenga..

Sabela uMdabu

I-React Native iwuhlaka lokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Iyafana ne-React futhi ilandela ukwakheka okusekelwe engxenyeni yayo. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlaka, kuzodingeka ukuthi usebenzise izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa, setha iphrojekthi yakho, futhi ufake isofthiwe entsha esekelayo. Nokho, izinzuzo zidlula ama-downsides. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa ukuthi singazithuthukisa kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula sisebenzisa i-React Native. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo.

I-React Native iwuhlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla ehlukahlukene olwaqala ukwethula emphakathini ngo 2015. Iqoqe ukuthandwa okukhulu kusukela lapho. Uhlaka luvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu besebenzisa i-JavaScript. I-Facebook kanye nomphakathi wayo omkhulu kube nesandla ekuthuthukisweni kwalolu hlaka. I-React Native ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi balondoloze ukukala futhi bahlanganise ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza. Uhlaka luyatholakala ngaphansi kwe-Open-Source-Lizenz, okuvumela kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo nokomuntu siqu.

Uhlaka lwe-React Native lukwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Iklanyelwe ukuphinda isebenzise amafayela e-JavaScript futhi iwaguqule ngokuzenzakalelayo abe izingxenye zomdabu. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-React Native zifana nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ze-Android ne-iOS, futhi ingahlolwa kusetshenziswa izinhlaka zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo zokuhlola. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhwalithi ephezulu luqinisekisiwe. Uma uzibuza ukuthi i-React Native ingakusiza kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android ne-iOS, qhubeka ufunda.

Genymotion

I-Genymotion ye-emulator ye-Android iyisinqumo esidumile phakathi konjiniyela. Le softhiwe isuselwe ku-VirtualBox futhi iyithuluzi elinamandla lokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android nemidlalo ku-Windows 10. Kuthuthukiswe onjiniyela be-Android abangochwepheshe, I-Genymotion iyatholakala kuzo zombili izinguqulo zedeskithophu nezamafu. Inconywe ngesivinini sayo futhi ihlanganisa izici eziningi zokusiza onjiniyela. Ihlanganisa futhi uhlelo lomuntu siqu lwamahhala lwemidlalo. Nazi ezinye zezici ezibalulekile zeGenymotion.

I-Genymotion inika amandla onjiniyela ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ngokulingisa ngaphezulu 3,000 izimo ezahlukene. I-emulator ye-Android ifakwe izinzwa zehadiwe ezivumela abasebenzisi balingise noma yisiphi isimo. Iphinde isekele imishini ebonakalayo eminingi ngendlela ikhompyutha yakho engakwazi ukuyiphatha. Kumahhala ukulanda futhi akudingi ukufakwa. Iyisifanisi se-Android esishesha kakhulu nesinamandla kakhulu, futhi ingalingisa kufika ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu zokulungiselelwa kwe-Android APK. Iphinde ihambisane nezindawo eziningi zokuhlela ezidumile.

I-Genymotion Emulator isuselwe kuphrojekthi ye-AndroidVM, okunikeza izikhathi zokuqalisa ngokushesha nokusebenza okuphezulu. Ihlanganisa nezilawuli ze-UI zeleveli yebhethri nedatha ye-GPS, futhi inokuhlanganiswa okuqondile ku-Android Studio ne-Eclipse. Abasebenzisi bangahlola izinhlelo zokusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa nge-Genymotion Emulator, nakuba lokhu akusekeli ukulungiselelwa okungenasizathu. Le emulator futhi isebenza ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Nokho, ungase ukuthole kuwusizo kwezinye izimo.