Izindlela Ezihlukene Zokuthuthukisa Uhlelo Lokusebenza lwe-Android

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko kanye ne-hybrid. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zenzelwe inkundla ye-Android kusetshenziswa i-Java. Izinhlelo ezixubile zisebenzisa i-Open-Source Framework ebizwa nge-Ionic. Zombili izinhlobo zinezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zivame ukusabela kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube.

I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela lwe-cross-platform

I-Kotlin yintsha, Ulimi lokuhlela olunamandla oluvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android kahle kakhulu kunangaphambilini. Inomklamo ophusile odinga ikhodi encane kune-Java futhi isebenzisa izinsiza ezincane kunezinye izilimi. Iphephile futhi kune-Java, okusho ukuthi ayijwayele ukuphahlazeka kwekhompyutha namaphutha esistimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ishesha kakhulu kune-Java.

I-Kotlin iyi-plattform-neutral, ulimi lokuhlela oluthayiphiwe ngokwezibalo olwethulwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android 2016. Ulimi luyakwazi ukuzihumushela ku-Java, I-JavaScript, kanye nekhodi yomshini, ukwenza kube ulimi oluguquguqukayo olungahlanganiswa ngaphandle komthungo kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Onjiniyela bangabhala izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Kotlin ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwabaqalayo.

Ngokungafani ne-Java, I-Kotlin ibeka uhlobo lwayo lwedatha ngemuva kwegama lokuguquguquka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingase futhi isekele uhlobo lwencazelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Kotlin isekela imisebenzi yezinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lwakho lokusebenza ungashiywa uma ungakudingi okuhlukile ukuze uqukathe into.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokusebenzisa i-Kotlin ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ukudala iphrojekthi. Ku-Android Studio, ungadala iphrojekthi entsha ngesifanekiso sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Kotlin Multiplatform. Kungenjalo, ungasebenzisa i-AppSupporter ukuze udale iphrojekthi ngephrojekthi ye-Kotlin emiswe ngaphambili. Uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlanganisiwe luzotholakala kusixazululo segatsha se-AppSupporter.

I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi manje isisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziningi. Iziqalo kanye Nenhlanhla 500 izinkampani ziyakwamukela ukuze zenze amaqembu azo akhiqize kakhudlwana futhi zibhale izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingcono. Ulimi lokubhala ngekhodi kulula ukulusebenzisa futhi lunomphakathi obanzi wonjiniyela. Iphinde ihambisane ne-Java, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube ngoba zingasebenzisa izici zesistimu yokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ziyashesha futhi zinokusebenza okubonakalayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zidinga ikhodi encane futhi zingathuthwa kuzingxenyekazi eziningi.

I-Xamarin iyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu sokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zekhwalithi ephezulu

I-Xamarin wuhlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla ehlukene olukusiza ukuthi ubhale ikhodi yomdabu yakho kokubili i-iOS ne-Android. Inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezifana nekhono lokuphinda usebenzise ikhodi, 100% Ukufakwa kwe-API, kanye nokuhambisana kwe-cross-platform. Ngaphandle kwalokho, I-Xamarin isekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlaka nama-API ongawasebenzisa ukuze udale uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android olusezingeni eliphezulu.

I-Xamarin iphethwe yi-Microsoft, inkampani enesipiliyoni seminyaka ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo zesoftware. I-Xamarin SDK imahhala futhi ingumthombo ovulekile. Inesistimu yohlobo oluqinile olukuvumela ukuthi uzulazule kalula futhi inokuhlola uhlobo lwesikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kubangela amaphutha ambalwa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhwalithi ephezulu.

I-Xamarin isebenzisa isitaki esisodwa sobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ne-Android, ukunciphisa izindleko zobunjiniyela kanye nesikhathi sokuya emakethe. Futhi kuyisinqumo esihle sezixazululo zeselula zebhizinisi. Amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa i-UI ejwayelekile, futhi umqondo womkhiqizo owumongo ungabiwa kuwo wonke amapulatifomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ngokwezifiso ipulatifomu kuzothatha kuphela amaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayishumi esikhathi sakho sobunjiniyela.

Enye inzuzo ye-Xamarin ukuthi ungasebenzisa ulwazi lwakho olukhona lwe-JavaScript noma lwe-CSS ukuze wakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ze-Android. Ngale ndlela, ungabhala ikhodi yakho yazo zombili izinkundla, ngenkathi usathola ukusebenza okufana nokwendabuko. Ungasebenzisa futhi ilabhulali ye-JavaScript ku-React Native ukuze udale izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ze-Android.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezicelo zomsebenzi kuyinqubo enzima. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kufanele kube nokusebenziseka kalula, kodwa futhi idinga ukuhambisana namadivayisi ahlukahlukene futhi izihlanganise nokwakheka kwesistimu. Esikhathini esedlule, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza kwakusekelwe embonweni wokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lungangena endaweni eyodwa, kodwa nge-Xamarin, lesi sidingo siyaqedwa.

I-Xamarin inikeza izinsiza zokusebenzisa i-JavaScript, C, Inhloso-C, kanye nemitapo yolwazi ye-C++. Futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kabusha imitapo yolwazi ekhona ye-Android ne-iOS. Ukwengeza, inikeza amaphrojekthi abophayo kanye ne-syntax ememezelayo. Izicelo zibhalwe ku-C#, enezici eziningi zolimi ezinamandla njenge-lambdas, izinhlelo ezihambisanayo, kanye namajenerikhi.

I-Xamarin futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza usebenzisa i-C#, abenze cross-platform. I-Xamarin isebenzisa isitaki sobuchwepheshe be-Microsoft futhi inomphakathi omkhulu wonjiniyela. Inikeza ngendawo kanjiniyela ebumbene futhi ikusiza ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezihlukene kalula.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukiswe ngokukhethekile i-Android zisebenzisa i-Java

I-Native-Apps yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezakhelwe ngokukhethekile inkundla ye-Android. Inani elikhulu lezinkampani zisasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphelelwe yisikhathi ezakhiwe onjiniyela abahlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlelo zingase zingasebenzi kahle futhi zingase zingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zingase zingakwazi ukwenza izinguquko kulezi zicelo.

I-Native-Apps yakhelwe amasistimu wokusebenza athile futhi ithengiswa ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile zikhululekile ukulanda futhi ziyahambisana nehadiwe. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza nazo zinenzuzo yokukwazi ukufinyelela izinsiza zesistimu. I-Native-Apps iyinketho enhle uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi.

Ngenkathi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zingajwayelekile, zisawusizo kakhulu ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, inkundla ye-Android isekela inhlobonhlobo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zinezici ezihlukahlukene futhi zinikeza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene. Nokho, uma ungakwazi ukuzenzela uhlelo lokusebenza, kungcono ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe. Unjiniyela ochwepheshe angakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza futhi ugweme izinkinga zokumosha isikhathi.

I-Native-Apps iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ku-Android. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe kuwebhu. Ngaphezu kokuba ngokushesha futhi kulula ukuthuthukisa, I-HTML5-apps ingasetshenziswa ezinkundleni eziningi. Nokho, abanakho ukubukeka nomuzwa wezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu.

Yize ubuchwepheshe obusha bungasiza ibhizinisi lakho ukuthi lithuthuke, kungase futhi kuholele ezinguqukweni zenhlangano. Izinhlangano eziningi zigxila kwezobuchwepheshe lapho kufanele zigxile ezinqubweni nakubantu. Ingalinganisa futhi ithuthukise ukuziphatha komuntu. Ingakwazi ngisho nokwenza izinqubo zebhizinisi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi izenze zisebenze kahle.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lomdabu luzilungele yini izidingo zakho ukucabangela izici zalo nokusebenza kwalo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.. I-Native-Apps zisebenzisa ihadiwe yefoni ukuze isebenze kahle kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zinikeze ukusebenziseka okuphezulu. Bangakwazi nokusebenzisa isistimu yezaziso yedivayisi.

I-Native-Apps ngokuvamile iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi ithuthukiswe kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukiswe nezinye izinkundla. Ngoba uhlelo lokusebenza lwedivayisi luhlukile, zidinga izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe. Ochwepheshe kumele okungenani babe neminyaka emithathu’ isipiliyoni ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Java ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokusebenza oluhle lwendabuko.

I-Ionic iwuhlaka lomthombo ovulekile lokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube

Uma ufuna isixazululo sokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla yesiphambano kanye nokuhlola, I-Ionic ingaba ngeyakho. Uhlaka lwakhiwe eduze kwe-HTML5, I-AngularJS, SASS, futhi iyahambisana nezinkundla zomdabu ze-Android ne-iOS. Iphinde inikeza ezihlukahlukene ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlola, namathuluzi okusebenza.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, I-Ionic inezinkinga ezithile. Nakuba uhlaka luguquguquka kakhulu, kufanele ugweme ukuyisebenzisa ngokweqile. Sebenzisa izengezo ezengeza inani kuphrojekthi yakho. Akufanele usebenzise okuningi kakhulu – ngokwanele nje ukwenza uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusebenze kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ziningi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe zingasetshenziswa kumapulatifomu amaningi, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zivalelwe kumasistimu wokusebenza athile. Lokhu kubalulekile emidlalweni, ezidinga ukufinyelela ezicini ezithile zamadivayisi eselula, njengezinzwa ezinyakazayo.

Ngoba i-Ionic iwuhlaka lomthombo ovulekile, abathuthukisi bangayisebenzisa mahhala. Uhlaka lunikeza izici ezihlukahlukene eziwusizo, okuhlanganisa umtapo wolwazi omkhulu namathuluzi okuhlola ahlanganisiwe. Iphinde yenza intuthuko ibe lula ngokusebenzisa izilimi ezijwayelekile. Futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza.

Inkinga evamile ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ukuthi kufanele zibe namakhodi ahlukene. Uma ushicilela umsebenzi ofanayo ezinkundleni eziningi, kufanele udale ama-codebase ahlukene eplatifomu ngayinye. Lokhu kungase kudle isikhathi esiningi, futhi idinga onjiniyela abambalwa. Kungase futhi kuholele kunqubo yokubuyekeza isici esihamba kancane. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu nazo zidinga amaqembu ahlukene okuthuthukisa kanye nemijikelezo ehlukene yokushicilela.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe ziyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluxubile futhi zingonga amahora omsebenzi onjiniyela. Ngenkathi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe zilula kakhulu futhi ziguquguquka, baphinde babhekane nezithiyo ezifanayo njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezixubile zingaba nezinkinga zokusebenza, futhi abanye abasebenzisi bangase bakhononde ngezici ezithile.

Enye inzuzo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe ukuthi zingasetshenziswa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-inthanethi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu zidinga amakhodi ahlukene futhi azihambisani nawo wonke amapulatifomu eselula. Nokho, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube zakhiwe kubuchwepheshe bewebhu futhi zingasetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli. Ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxube kufana nalokho kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu, kodwa aziningi ngokuningiliziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwesinye isikhathi zingaba nokubukeka okungahambisani phakathi kwabasebenzisi.