Iyini Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android?

Iyini Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android?

Uma ufuna umsebenzi emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo zeselula, mhlawumbe uzwile ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Kodwa luyini ngempela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android? Futhi wenza kanjani ukuthuthukisa eyodwa? Uma uhlela ukuphishekela lo mzila womsebenzi, kufanele wazi ukuthi udinga ukuba nolwazi lokuhlela lwe-Java kanye ne-C#. Nokho, awudingi ukuthi ube uchwepheshe kulezi zilimi ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo lokusebenza. Ungasebenzisa ezinye izilimi zokuhlela ezifana ne-Kotlin, Sabela uMdabu, kanye ne-Xamarin.

Kudingeka ulwazi lokuhlela ku-Java

Kulabo abathanda ukusebenza ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Android, Ulwazi lohlelo lwe-Java luyisidingo. Onjiniyela be-Java kulindeleke ukuthi bapakishe yonke ikhodi yabo efayeleni elilodwa. Ngokungafani nolimi lwe-C#, I-Java ichaza izilawuli njenge-opublic, amalungu amile elinye ikilasi. Abathuthukisi be-Java bangase bangafuni ukusebenzisa ama-umlauts emagameni abo amalungu, kodwa i-C# ayikhonondi uma uyifaka egameni lendlela yakho.

Ngenkathi ukugxila ekubhaleni amakhodi kuyindlela enhle yokufunda, cishe uzobhekana nokuncintisana okunzima futhi kungase kudingeke ufune omunye umkhakha womsebenzi. Izilimi zokuhlela zishintsha ngokushesha, futhi abahleli bohlelo abanolimi olulodwa kuphela bangase baphoqeleke ukuthi bathole ezinye izindlela zokuqashwa. Njengoba umhlaba we-technologische ushintsha ngokushesha, izilimi ezintsha zilokhu zivela futhi zithuthuka. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, izilimi ezifana ne-Java ekugcineni zizophela futhi zithathelwe indawo ezinye.

Ngenkathi i-Java kuwulimi oluncanyelwayo lokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, abanye onjiniyela bakuthola kunzima ukusebenza nayo. Uma umusha ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android, Kotlin, ulimi lokuhlela lwe-cross-platform, ingase ifaneleke kakhulu. U-Kotlin wadedelwa phakathi 2017 njengolimi lwesibili lwe-Java. I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela lwezingxenyekazi ezihlukene futhi isebenza ngomshini obonakalayo we-Java.

I-Xamarin

I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android inezinzuzo eziningi, hhayi okuncane kwakho okuyizindleko. Esikhathini esedlule, onjiniyela kuzodingeka babhale kabusha ikhodi ukuze benze uhlelo lwabo lokusebenza luhambisane nezinkundla zeselula ezihlukile. Lokho bekungathatha isikhathi eside, imali, nomzamo. Nge-Xamarin, abathuthukisi akudingeki bachithe isikhathi esiningi bebhala kabusha ikhodi, futhi bangagxila ekusebenziseni isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esiphucuzeke kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle komdabu. I-Xamarin futhi inohlaka oluqinile lokuzenzakalela kanye nefu lokuhlola idivayisi yeselula ukuze ibasize bahlole izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi.. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi onjiniyela bagcine izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza zibuyekeziwe futhi bazigcine.

I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android isebenzisa isisekelo sekhodi okwabelwana ngayo ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwezingxenyekazi ezihlukene kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokumaketha.. Ithuluzi futhi linikeza ukwesekwa okuqinisekisiwe okuvela kwaMicrosoft. Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kulula ukuwalungisa ngokulungiswa okuncane kwekhodi yomthombo. Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zisebenzisa i-Xamarin ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android futhi zijabule ngokusebenza kwayo. Futhi uma ufuna ukusizakala ngaleli thuluzi kumaphrojekthi akho, Nazi izizathu ezintathu zokuthi kungani kufanele kube yisinqumo sakho sokuqala.

Okokuqala, I-Xamarin yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android idinga ulwazi lwezilimi zomdabu zokuhlela ze-Android ne-iOS. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezinkundla ukuze wakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizohlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi bakho. Ngaphezu kokufaka amakhodi, Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Xamarin nazo zinezinyathelo ezinkulu, okungase kuthinte isikhathi sokulanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi bangase bangathandi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ngosayizi. Okokugcina, umphakathi waseXamarin usemncane uma kuqhathaniswa, ngakho kukhona indawo yokuthuthukisa.

Kotlin

Abahleli baya ngokuya bathuthela e-Kotlin lapho bethuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Ulimi lwenzelwe ukunqoba i-verbosity i-Java edume kabi ngayo. I-syntax yayo yekhodi ehlangene isiza ukonga isikhathi futhi isheshise inqubo yokuthunyelwa. Empeleni, uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lweselula olwaguqulwa lusuka ku-Java luye e-Kotlin kwakuyi-App Lock. Lolu limi olusha lunezinzuzo eziningi kune-Java. I-codebase yayo ehlangene ishiya isikhala esincane samaphutha, futhi ihlanganiswe kukhodi yomthombo we-JavaScript ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Okubi okukodwa kwe-Kotlin phezu kwe-Java ukuntuleka kwayo kwegama elingukhiye elimile. Nokho, I-Kotlin iyakwazi ukukhiqiza i-bytecode ye-Java ngezinkambu zayo ezimile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhiqiza izakhi ze-Kotlin kusuka kuzimemezelo zento yakho, izinto zomngane, kanye nezakhiwo ezingaguquki. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukusebenza nezinkambu ezimile futhi kuvimbele ukuthi ungaphambanisi ikhodi yakho. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwegama elingukhiye elimile, I-Kotlin isewulimi oluhle kakhulu lwabathuthukisi.

Enye yezinzuzo ezivelele kakhulu ze-Kotlin ukuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. I-Kotlin kulula kakhulu ukufunda, futhi ulimi luhlanganisa isethi ecebile yezici ezenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu konjiniyela be-Android. Ulimi oluyisisekelo lwe-Java lolimi luyanwebeka, ngakho onjiniyela bangakwazi ukwengeza izici ezintsha njengoba behamba. Inqobo nje uma abathuthukisi bejwayele i-API, akufanele kube yinkinga kubo ukuthi baqale ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android nge-Kotlin.

Sabela uMdabu

Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa i-React Native ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Lolu hlaka alugcini nje ngokuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, kodwa futhi izimele yesikhulumi, okusho ukuthi awudingi ukufunda izilimi ezimbili ezihlukene. I-React Native ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izici ze-UI yeselula. Nakuba lokhu kungase kudide ekuqaleni, ukufunda lobu buchwepheshe kungenza inqubo yakho yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android isheshe kakhulu. Nokho, ngeke yenze uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android luqine njengohlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko.

Uma usebenzisa i-React Native ye-Android, ngeke udinge ukuba ukhathazeke ngokunikeza kabusha i-UI yonke njalo uma wenza ushintsho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-React izovumelanisa isihlahla sokubuka nokubuka kwe-Android UI. Khona-ke, inqubo yokuphinda inikeze ishesha kakhulu kunokwakha i-UI kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu kukwenza kube ukukhetha okungcono kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho ufuna ukusebenzisa izici ze-UI zomdabu.

Okokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, uzodinga i-Android Studio kanye nenguqulo yakamuva ye-SDK. Ukufaka i-Java, ungasebenzisa Isiphathi se-SDK. Qiniseka ukuthi ucacisa uhla lwemibhalo lwephrojekthi yakho ye-MyReactNativeApp. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekwenzeni iphutha lapho ubhala i-JavaScript. Uzodinga futhi ukufaka i-Node. Lokhu kuncike ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza. Uma usuyifakile i-SDK, ungasebenzisa i-IDE ukuze udale uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

Ama-API wesevisi asekelwe endaweni

Ukuze usebenzise i-Android's Location-based Service APIs, kumele uqale wazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Ikilasi eliyinhloko yi-LocationManager, futhi ungathola ireferensi yayo ngokushayela i-getSystemService() indlela. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho indawo ibuyekezwa khona, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Time to First Fix, iyona ebiza kakhulu. Nokho, uma uxhumano lokuqala selumisiwe, izibuyekezo zendawo zishesha kakhulu. Nansi incazelo emfushane yalawa ma-API.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe endaweni, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulethwa kwetekisi noma ukudla, zidinga idatha yendawo enembile. Ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthandana nezokuvakasha zingaba yinkinga uma idatha ingalungile. Ama-API wamasevisi asekelwe endaweni wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ayingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ungazuza kulobu buchwepheshe. Empeleni, kukhona ezinye izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe endaweni ezenza izigidi zamadola ngonyaka. I-Uber Eats iyisibonelo esihamba phambili salo mkhuba. Inkampani ilindele ukufinyelela $4.8 billion ku 2020 ngohlelo lwayo lokusebenza, futhi uye 66 abasebenzisi abayizigidi.

Ama-API wamasevisi asekelwe endaweni okuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android akwenza kube lula ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqaphela indawo ezihlinzeka ngolwazi oluwusizo. Lawa masevisi enza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqaphela indawo zokwakha zibe lula ngokulungiselela amasevisi e-Google Play afana ne-geofencing nokuqashelwa komsebenzi. Ama-API wendawo abuyisela ulwazi mayelana nebanga, ukunemba okulinganiselwe, kanye nesivinini. Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe endaweni zinganikeza abasebenzisi bakho ukuzizwisa komuntu siqu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, funda umhlahlandlela wonjiniyela we-Android.

Isicelo se-Cross-Platform

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, umbuzo wokuthuthukiswa kwesicelo se-cross-platform ye-Android isiphenduke insakavukela. Ngokwethulwa kwamathuluzi afana ne-React Native ne-Flutter, abathuthukisi akusadingeki bakhathazeke ngokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kancane. Empeleni, ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi, abathuthukisi bayakwazi ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu ezisebenzisa amakhono enkundla, kufaka phakathi inkumbulo yehadiwe nezinzwa.

Isisekelo sekhodi evamile se-Android ne-iOS sivumela uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lwamazwe ngamazwe olusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukushintsha ikhodi nokugcina izibuyekezo zivunyelanisiwe kuzo zonke izinkundla. Ukwengeza, ngesisekelo sekhodi esihlanganisiwe, izimbungulu zingalungiswa kanye futhi zikhishwe kuwo wonke amapulatifomu namadivayisi. Izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-cross-platform zicacile: ukwanda kwesivinini sokumaketha kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe. Ngenkathi i-iOS iseyinkundla yeselula ehamba phambili, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cross-platform ye-Android kuyisixazululo esifanelekile sezinkampani ezifuna ukukhulisa ibhizinisi labo kule makethe ekhulayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Cross-platform ye-Android kuqeda isidingo sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkundla ngayinye ngokuhlukile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula konjiniyela ukushicilela uhlelo lokusebenza olufanayo ezitolo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanjalo sizuza izethameli ezifanayo. Ngokususa ukucaciswa kwedivayisi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingazodwana, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cross-platform kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bashicilele uhlelo lokusebenza olufanayo ezinkundleni eziningi, ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabasebenzisi bokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathuthukisi be-cross-platform bayakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla akho kokubili i-iOS ne-Android.