Yiziphi Izilimi Zokuhlela Ezitholakalayo Ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android?

Lapho unesifiso sokwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, ungase uzibuze ukuthi yiziphi izilimi zokuhlela ezitholakalayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka iJava, Kotlin, I-Xamarin, kanye ne-ionic 5.

Kotlin

I-Kotlin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ingakusiza ukuthi ubhale ngokushesha, ikhodi enembe kakhudlwana. Ungashintsha igama lento engumngane ngaphandle kokwephula ukwakheka kwekhodi yakho. Lesi sici sizokusiza ugcine ikhodi yakho ihlanzekile futhi ifundeka kalula. I-Kotlin iyisimanjemanje, ulimi lokuhlela oluthayiphiwe ngokwezibalo olusetshenziswa ngaphezulu 60% yonjiniyela be-Android abangochwepheshe. Ungasebenzisa ngisho nekhodi ye-Java kumaphrojekthi akho e-Kotlin, njengoba i-Kotlin ihlanganisa izichasiselo ze-@NonNull kanye ne-@Nullable. Futhi iyithuluzi elihle lonjiniyela be-Android, njengoba i-Kotlin inokusekelwa kwesigaba sokuqala ku-Android Studio.

Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi, I-Kotlin isetshenziswa onjiniyela bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android abanolwazi emhlabeni wonke. Ulimi lusekela i-Null Safety, Isitayela Sokuhlela Esisebenzayo, kanye no-Anko esikhundleni se-XML. Iphinde isebenzisa Hacks and Builders ukwenza izinguquko phakathi imisebenzi lula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi ezisunguliwe zisebenzisa i-Kotlin njengolimi lwabo lokuhlela oluyinhloko. Futhi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo, ikhule ngokuthandwa.

Onjiniyela abakhetha ukusebenzisa i-Kotlin ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android bazoba nesisekelo sekhodi ehlanzekile, njengoba ulimi lungenawo amaphutha esikhathi esihlanganisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android luzofika emakethe ngokushesha futhi libe neziphazamisi ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa futhi ama-IDE ahlukahlukene ukuze ubhale ikhodi ye-Kotlin. Kuhle futhi ekusebenzeni, futhi i-Kotlin isekelwa ngokusemthethweni i-Google njenge- “ulimi lwezinga lokuqala” endaweni ye-Android.

Java

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ingabe kufanele usebenzise i-Java noma i-Kotlin ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Lezi zilimi ezimbili zinokuningi ezifanayo, okuhlanganisa nokuthambekela entweni, qina, futhi ivikelekile. I-Kotlin inokuncika okumbalwa futhi isisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni isikhathi eside 20 iminyaka, kuyilapho i-Java isinesikhathi eside ikhona. Kodwa uma ufuna isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa esisheshayo, I-Java cishe iyindlela yokuhamba.

I-Java iwulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu okulula ukulufunda nokuyigcina kunezilimi ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ibuye ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukukhula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Isimo sayo somthombo ovulekile senza kube nokwenzeka ukudala amaphrojekthi emodulayo ngekhodi esebenziseka kabusha. I-Java yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android iwulimi olukhethwa onjiniyela abaningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa i-Java ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, I-Java yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android iwulimi oluqinile nolusungulayo, kodwa nawo wonke ama-nuances ayo, I-Java ayiphelele kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi. Naphezu kwezici ezinamandla nezintsha ze-Java, kukhona izinguquko ezingase zidambe abanye onjiniyela. Lezi zinguquko ziholele ekutheni abathuthukisi abahlukene basebenzise ezinye izilimi ze-JVM, njengoKotlin. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhethani, kubalulekile ukukhetha ulimi oluhle ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-Xamarin

I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android iyinkundla enhle kakhulu ekuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cross-platform ezingasebenza kukho kokubili i-iOS nezinguqulo zakamuva ze-Android.. Isekelwa yi-C# futhi iza nokubophezela kwe-C# okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela izici zomdabu ze-Android ne-iOS. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi konjiniyela, njengoba i-Xamarin ikhipha ama-API amasha kuzo zombili izinkundla isikhathi ngasinye lapho iphuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathembela ekusekelweni okuqinisekisiwe kwe-Microsoft kobuchwepheshe, okuyinto plus enkulu.

I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android kulula ukuyifunda futhi ayidingi ukuzizwisa kokuhlela kwangaphambili. Onjiniyela bangaqala nganoma yisiphi isigaba sephrojekthi yabo, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwe-UI kuya ekudaleni uhlelo lokusebenza. I-Xamarin yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android iyindlela enhle ezinkampanini ezisanda kuthuthukiswa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula noma ezinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi adingekayo wokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu kanye nezingxenyekazi ezihlukene, okusho ukuthi ungagxila kwezinye izici zebhizinisi lakho.

Futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsiza zokucela ngokuqondile i-Objective-C, C#, Java, noma C++ imitapo yolwazi. Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise kabusha amalabhulali abo akhona e-iOS ne-Android ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhodi yomdabu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izicelo ze-Xamarin zingabhalwa ku-C #, eza nokuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ngaphezu kwe-Objective-C. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa lolu limi lokuhlela zihlanganisa ikhono lokudala ikhodi eguqukayo, izakhiwo ezisebenzayo njenge-lambdas, kanye nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo.

Ionic 5

I-Ionic iwuhlaka lokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cross-platform. Ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi nge-codebase eyodwa, ukonga isikhathi nezinsiza. Imitapo yolwazi yayo yezingxenye nama-plugin ivumela abathuthukisi baxhume kuma-API omdabu, njenge-Bluetooth noma i-GPS. I-Ionic futhi ihlinzeka ngezithonjana zohlelo lokusebenza ezivamile namabhulokhi wokwakha asekupheleni, okungasindisa isikhathi kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Lokhu kwenza i-Ionic ibe ukukhetha okuhle ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lweselula, ikakhulukazi konjiniyela abafuna ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izinkundla eziningi.

I-Ionic ihambisana nezinhlaka eziningi ezikhona futhi iza nemibhalo emihle. Kuyisinqumo esihle sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ngoba kuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise ikhodi efanayo kumapulatifomu amaningi. Ungaphinda usebenzise ikhodi efanayo ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye, okwenza i-Ionic ibe yisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu kune-React Native. Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-Ionic yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ukuthi ungasebenzisa isisekelo sekhodi efanayo kuzo zombili izinkundla.

I-Ionic ivumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cross-platform. Inqobo nje uma uqonda i-Angular JS, ungakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cross-platform nge-Ionic. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-Angular, okunikeza isakhiwo esiqinile futhi kwehlisa izindleko zokuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukusekelwa kwe-Ionic kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-iOS ne-Android kusindisa isikhathi sonjiniyela. Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa i-Ionic ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Uma usuyizamile, uzokuthola kulula ukubona izinzuzo.

Art of Research

Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwandisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-Android ukusebenzisa i-ART. Leli thuluzi lihlaziya ikhodi yohlelo futhi lilayisha imiphumela ku-Play Cloud. Idatha eqoqiwe bese isetshenziselwa ukwakha iphrofayela yekhodi ehlanganisiwe equkethe ulwazi oluhambisana nawo wonke amadivayisi. Le phrofayela ishicilelwe kanye nama-APK ezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuthuthukisa izikhathi zokuqalisa ezibandayo nokusebenza kwesimo esiqinile ngaphandle kokuthi ubhale umugqa owodwa wekhodi.

Umphakathi wocwaningo lwe-Android ufunde izici ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android futhi waphakamisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya okumile. Ukuhlaziya okungaguquki kungakusiza ukuthi ubone amaphutha ohlelo, izimbungulu ze-semantic, ama-clones, kanye nokuba sengozini kuhlelo lokusebenza. Iphinde iqinisekise ukuqina kanye nokunqamula kwazo zonke izindlela zokubulawa okungenzeka. Ukuhlaziya okuqinile kuwumsebenzi onzima odinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici ezimbalwa zenkundla yokuhlela ye-Android. Nokho, ngocwaningo oluncane, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-Android futhi uzithuthukise ngokuphepha kakhulu.

Ulwazi lokuhlela

Uma ufuna ukudala uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Android, uzodinga amakhono athile wokuhlela. Kodwa ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula zidinga umsebenzi omncane. Nawa amanye amathiphu ukuze uqale. Okokuqala, kufanele wazi izilimi ezahlukene zokuthuthukisa i-Android. I-Java ne-C++ yizilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudaleni izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Nokho, ungafunda ezinye izilimi ngokusebenzisa okokufundisa. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani la mathuluzi.

Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ngokufunda ukwenza ikhodi ukuthi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala ezingenakhodi emakethe. Lawa mathuluzi awusizo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, njengoba beza nezifanekiso ezihlelwe ngaphambilini nemisebenzi elula. Ungaphinda uzame izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-AppMaster noma i-Smart Apps Creator. Baphinde basekele i-multimedia. Ngakho, zombili ziyizinketho ezinhle zalabo abangenawo ulwazi lokuhlela. Inqobo nje uma unesethi efanele yamakhono, ungaba umthuthukisi wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ophumelelayo.

Uma unolwazi oluthile lokuhlela, ungazama ukufunda i-Java. Uma ungazi lutho ngeJava, ungasebenzisa ikhithi yokwakha yohlelo lokusebenza. Uma usaqala, ungazama i-App-Baukasten ukuze ufunde ukwenza ikhodi. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngezilimi, njengoba zonke ziyefana. Ungasebenzisa futhi umakhi wohlelo lokusebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android.