Kungani Akufanele Usebenzise I-DIY Android App Builder

Kungenzeka ukuthi ufuna ithuluzi lokudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-IDE. I-B4A i-IDE edumile futhi eqinile. Nokho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi i-DIY-App-Builders ayihlinzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ulwazi olungcono kakhulu lomsebenzisi. Kufanele futhi usebenzise ulimi olusemthethweni olufana ne-Kotlin ukuze udale uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, ungagwema noma yiziphi izinkinga esikhathini esizayo. Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-B4A lungatholakala kulesi sihloko.

I-Kivy ingumakhi wohlelo lokusebenza oludumile noluqinile lwe-Android

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa i-Kivy njengomakhi wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Ikhithi yamathuluzi ye-UI yakhelwe ngokwezifiso ukuze izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zibukeke zifana kuzo zonke izinkundla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awudingi ukusebenzisa izici zomdabu ukuze wenze uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lubukeke luhle. Ngenkathi abasebenzisi abaningi bekhetha ukubukeka komdabu, ungase futhi ufune ukugqama esixukwini ngokusebenzisa i-UI eyingqayizivele.

I-Natural User Interface ye-Kivy ivumela ukuzizwisa okunembile nokusebenziseka kalula. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthuthukisa uhlelo, ayizami ukuphindaphinda izilawuli zomdabu. Lokho kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luzobukeka ngendlela efanayo kunoma iyiphi inkundla futhi lubukeke luhlukile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa i-Kivy ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelweni eziningi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwephula ukuhambisana. I-Kivy nayo inenzuzo yokuba yi-cross-platform, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luzosebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi.

Ifayela lolimi yifayela elithi a.kv, futhi kufanele ukwazi ukuyingenisa usebenzisa iphakheji ye-virtualenv. Kwabaqalayo, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde isihloko sePython Virtual Environments: Umhlahlandlela Wabasaqalayo Wokudala Indawo Ebonakalayo. Khona-ke, kopisha i-Python 3 isebenziseka kuhla lwemibhalo ye-my_kivy_project futhi ikhiphe ukwakhiwa() indlela. Khona-ke, chaza ikhodi ye-UI. Ngokwesibonelo, iwijethi Yelebula inezinto ezintathu: umbhalo, ukusikisela_kosayizi, kanye nesiphakamiso_sesikhundla.

I-B4A iyi-IDE engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android

I-B4A iyindawo ethandwayo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza yonjiniyela be-Android. Le IDE yakhelwe ukuthi isebenziseke kalula, ngezinqumo zokuklama ezihlakaniphile kanye nomphakathi osebenzayo wabathuthukisi. I-B4A IDE ihlanganisa umhleli obonakalayo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukulungisa iphutha, kanye nezinye izici eziningi. Nokho, ayimahhala, kodwa inikeza isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa imali uma unganelisekile ngezici zayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, I-B4A ihlanganisa Indwangu, okuyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokudala uhlelo lokusebenza olungcono, izibalo, kanye nentuthuko. Umklami obonakalayo uzoxhuma kudivayisi yakho ngenethiwekhi engenantambo, ukuze ubone ukuthi isakhiwo sakho sizobukeka kanjani kuso.

I-Android-Entwicklung isidume kakhulu, nge-ecosystem enkulu yomthombo ovulekile kanye nomphakathi ophilayo. Lokhu kwenza kubeluleka konjiniyela be-Android ukuthi bakhiqize ukuze baqhubeke nokukhiqiza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingcono ngokushesha. Ukusiza onjiniyela bafinyelele umgomo wabo, i-B4A IDE iqukethe amathuluzi amaningana, kufaka phakathi Ikhodi ye-Visual Studio ne-Android Studio. Labo abangajwayele ukubhala ikhodi ku-Android bangasebenzisa namathuluzi anikezwa i-SDK, njenge-Java.

I-B4A IDE iyithuluzi elinamandla elivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi baxhumanise amathuluzi ahlukahlukene futhi babuyekeze idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukwengeza, inika amandla onjiniyela be-Android ukuthi bamakethe kalula izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza, njengoba i-Google ihlanganise izici eziningi ezilungele i-unternehmens ku-Android Lollipop. Nalezi zici, I-B4A ingenye yama-IDE angcono kakhulu e-Android-App-Entwicklung. Le softhiwe iwusizo ikakhulukazi konjiniyela abafuna ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, kodwa abanalwazi.

I-Kotlin iwulimi olusemthethweni lwesistimu

Ulimi lusha uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa inezici eziningi ze-zeitgemasse. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Java, I-Kotlin ivumelana nezimo futhi kulula ukuyifunda. Ulimi lwakhiwe yinkampani yaseSankt Petersburg iJetBrains, futhi ukukhululwa kwayo kokuqala okuzinzile kwase kuphakathi 2016. Manje isisekelwa yizo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zeselula futhi ihambisana nemitapo yolwazi eminingi ye-Android. Abathuthukisi banethemba lokukhulula ulimi 1.1 inguqulo yokugcina maduze.

Ulimi lusebenzisana ngokuphelele neJava, kanye ne-Android Studio iyindawo ekahle yokuthuthukisa i-Kotlin. I-Java ulimi olusemthethweni lwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Android, kodwa i-Kotlin ithuthukiswe ukuthi ibe lula futhi ibe lula ukuyifunda. I-Kotlin iphinde ihambisane namathuluzi e-Java, njenge-IntelliJ IDEA ne-JetBrains’ IntelliJ.

I-Kotlin iwulimi lomthombo ovulekile ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Apache 2.0. Kuyinto yesimanje, ulimi olugxile entweni, futhi iwukukhetha okudumile phakathi konjiniyela be-Android. Abathuthukisi be-Kotlin bathi yenza inqubo yokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android zibe lula, futhi amaphrojekthi abo amaningi abe yimpumelelo impela. I-Kotlin ingasetshenziswa eceleni kwe-Java noma i-C++, kodwa isebenza kahle futhi ifundeka kakhulu kune-Java.

Ngaphandle kweJava, I-Android Studio iphinde isekele i-Kotlin njengolimi olusemthethweni lokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula. Iphinde ihambisane ne-C++ ne-Xamarin. I-C++ iwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ikhodi engaphezu kwe-Kotlin. Ngenxa yalokho, inconywa konjiniyela be-Android abathuthuke kakhulu. I-Xamarin ne-Unity nazo zisebenzisa i-C++, futhi i-Kotlin iwulimi olusebenziseka kalula.

Abakhi bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-DIY abahlinzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ulwazi olungcono kakhulu lomsebenzisi

I-DIY-App-Builder ngeke ikunikeze ngomuzwa ongcono kakhulu wokudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Ngokwalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela izici ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona inani lamathuluzi anesilinganiso esiphezulu angakusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha futhi kalula. Uma ungeyena uchwepheshe we-IT, kufanele ucabange ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olunikeza lolu hlobo losekelo.

Elinye lamathuluzi e-DIY-App-Builder aziwa kakhulu yiGoodBarber, okunikeza abasebenzisi i-UX engcono kakhulu nolwazi lokuklama, futhi ihlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-Hudula bese Udedela kanye ne-Wysiwyg interface yomsebenzisi. Elinye ithuluzi elidumile lokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza yi-Appy Pie, okukusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android ngaphandle kokuthi ufunde ukwenza ikhodi. Inikeza ukuphepha nge-AWS nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okuphelele. Futhi ingesinye sezinkundla ezinkulu kakhulu zokwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza e-United States.

Enye inketho Shoutem, eyasungulwa ngo 2011 futhi ibuyekeze inkundla yayo nolwazi lwabasebenzisi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Inenkundla elula ukuyisebenzisa enemiklamo emihle yesifanekiso nezinketho eziningi zokwenza ngokwezifiso. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Shoutem zilungele imicimbi, imicimbi yomphakathi, nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isici somphakathi. I-Shoutem iphinde inikeze udonga lomphakathi lokuzibandakanya komphakathi.

I-Kotlin ingumthombo wamahhala futhi ovulekile

Uma uthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, mhlawumbe uyazibuza ukuthi kufanele usebenzise i-Java noma i-Kotlin. Zombili izilimi zidumile, kodwa kunezinzuzo ezithile zokusebenzisa i-Kotlin esikhundleni se-Java. Okokuqala, kuphephe kakhudlwana, kafushane kakhudlwana, futhi idinga i-verbosity encane kune-Java. Iphinde inikeze izixazululo kwezinye zezinkinga ezihlobene ne-Java API design.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Kotlin ukuphumelela kwayo kwezindleko, okusho ukuthi uzochitha isikhathi esincane uthuthukisa futhi unakekela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Enye inzuzo ukuthi iwumthombo wamahhala futhi ovulekile. Futhi, kukhula ukuthandwa – onjiniyela abaningi nezinhlangano bayayisebenzisa, nokusebenziseka kwayo kuzothuthuka kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, I-Kotlin isiba ngokushesha ulimi lokuhlela olukhethwayo lonjiniyela bohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android.

Onjiniyela bazophinde bakuthole kulula ukunakekela kanye nokususa iphutha kuzinhlelo zabo zokusebenza nge-Kotlin, njengoba idinga imigqa embalwa yekhodi futhi yenza kube lula ukuhlonza amaphutha angaba khona kukhodi. Uhlelo lwe-Kotlin olusheshayo lusiza futhi abathuthukisi ukuthi balungise amaphutha neziphazamisi ngaphambi kokuthi bafinyelele isikhathi sokusebenza. Isici sayo esiphelele sokuphepha esingenalutho siyibhonasi eyengeziwe. I-Android isebenzisa i-null ukumela ukungabikho kwevelu.

Iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile sezivele zishintshile ukusuka ku-Java kuya e-Kotlin. I-Pinterest, uhlelo lokusebenza lokwabelana ngezithombe oludumile, muva nje wenze ukushintsha kusuka ku-Java kuya e-Kotlin ukuze kwandiswe isivinini nokuthembeka kohlelo lwayo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Isetshenziswa futhi ngabakwa-Uber, uhlelo lokusebenza oludumile lokwabelana ngokugibela okufunekayo. Ku 2016, abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza be-Pinterest nabo bashintshile besuka ku-Java baya e-Kotlin. Phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile ezisebenzisa i-Kotlin kukhona i-Evernote, I-Trello, Isikwele, kanye ne-Coursera.

I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela lwamahhala noluvulekile lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android

Enye yentuthuko yakamuva kuplathifomu ye-Android ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza e-Kotlin. Lolu limi olusha lokuhlela lunezici eziningi ezintsha futhi lwakhiwe ukuze lulingane nezidingo zabo bobabili abathuthukisi nabangewona onjiniyela.. Iyashesha futhi kunezinye izilimi futhi ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise ezinye izinqubo kukhompuyutha ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-Kotlin yadalwa ngabakwaJetBrains, inkampani efanayo eyathuthukisa i-IntelliJ IDEA namanye amathuluzi okuthuthukisa.

I-Kotlin iwulimi lokuhlela lomthombo ovulekile lwe-Android-Apps. Kuyinketho enhle yonjiniyela abafuna ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza zekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezinkinga zokubhala amakhodi. Ulimi kulula ukulufunda futhi lufanele abahleli bohlelo abasha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kalula ukuze udale izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eningi ezinsizeni zokuqeqesha. Enye inzuzo ukuthi ungasebenzisa abathuthukisi abanolwazi abambalwa futhi uthole umphumela omuhle.

Ngenkathi i-Java ne-C++ kuyizilimi ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android, I-Kotlin ithuthuke kakhulu kunolunye lwalezi zilimi ezimbili. With Kotlin, ungabhala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android ngokushesha futhi ulondoloze ikhodi yakho ekubeni ingafundeki. Ngoba i-Kotlin ine-ecosystem evuthiwe futhi ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ne-Android Studio, abathuthukisi abaningi sebevele beyisebenzisa ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izandiso ze-KTX zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izici zolimi lwe-Kotlin kumalabhulali akhona e-Android.